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HS Code |
971123 |
| Cas Number | 76-75-5 |
| Molecular Formula | C11H18N2O2S |
| Molecular Weight | 242.34 g/mol |
| Iupac Name | 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione |
| Common Name | Thiopental |
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Solubility In Water | Slightly soluble |
| Melting Point | 162-164 °C |
| Storage Temperature | 2-8 °C |
| Smiles | CCC(C)C1(CC)C(=S)NC(=O)NC1=O |
| Purity | Typically ≥98% |
| Usage | General anesthetic (barbiturate class) |
| Pka | 7.6 |
| Synonyms | Pentothal, Thiopentone |
As an accredited (+/-)-Thiopental factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | The (+/-)-Thiopental is supplied in a sealed amber glass vial containing 5 grams, labeled with hazard warnings and storage instructions. |
| Shipping | Shipping of (+/-)-Thiopental must comply with regulatory guidelines due to its status as a controlled substance. Transport typically requires secure packaging, proper labeling (including hazard classification), and documentation. Shipments must be handled by authorized carriers, ensuring temperature control and restricted access to prevent diversion or misuse during transit. |
| Storage | (+/-)-Thiopental should be stored in a tightly closed container, away from light, moisture, and incompatible substances such as strong oxidizing agents. Store at room temperature, ideally between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F) in a well-ventilated, locked chemical storage area. Ensure the storage location is secure and access is restricted to authorized personnel only. |
Applications of (+/-)-Thiopental in Industrial ManufacturingAs a specialized manufacturer of (+/-)-Thiopental, we supply this chemical intermediate for strictly regulated industrial settings with precise requirements in downstream pharmaceutical, veterinary, and research material production. The following sections present real-world applications where this raw material remains essential to the integrity of the finished product and to compliance with global and regional safety standards. 1. Injectable General Anesthesia Formulations for Human Use(+/-)-Thiopental remains a critical active pharmaceutical ingredient in injectable anesthetic formulations for hospital and clinical settings worldwide. In these applications, strict adherence to pharmacopoeial standards, batch-to-batch quality consistency, and validated process integration ensure that the active retains its safety and performance profile from synthesis to final product. Downstream manufacturers use tailored blending processes with human-grade excipients, under controlled aseptic conditions to create parenteral solutions ready for end-user administration after dilution and quality control release. Industry compliance standards
Typical usage ratio
Downstream process integration
Final product types
2. Veterinary Anesthetic PremixesIn the veterinary pharmaceutical sector, (+/-)-Thiopental serves as a primary anesthetic in commercial premixes for large and small animal procedures. Downstream manufacturers must align strictly with veterinary medicine regulations and animal-specific dosing protocols. The raw material is formulated with stabilizing excipients and, in some cases, combined with additional sedatives or analgesics, with tailored blending ratios for species-specific final formulations. Manufacturers standardize their production to suit bulk clinic demand and variable field usage scenarios. Industry compliance standards
Typical usage ratio
Downstream process integration
Final product types
3. Active Control Sample Production for Pharmaceutical QC LabsPharmaceutical quality control laboratories utilize high-purity (+/-)-Thiopental to produce certified reference materials and active standards for method validation, batch release testing, and stability studies. Downstream labs demand extremely well-characterized lots with comprehensive documentation on impurity profiles, with handling and analytical precision governed by international standards for QC sample manufacture and handling. Industry compliance standards
Typical usage ratio
Downstream process integration
Final product types
4. Barbiturate-Based Reagent Manufacturing for Forensic Chemical AnalysisForensic laboratories and contract assay kit suppliers rely on highly pure thiopental as a reactive component in test kits, calibration blends, and detection reagent standards for toxicology and criminal casework. The production demands careful impurity profiling and trace-contaminant limits, under alignment with regional forensic chemistry protocols, ensuring result reproducibility and method compliance in analytical laboratories worldwide. Industry compliance standards
Typical usage ratio
Downstream process integration
Final product types
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In our lab, (+/-)-Thiopental represents a story that stretches back decades. Our process is the product of detail-focused protocols and ceaseless review. We choose raw materials with purity in mind. Every batch receives the kind of careful testing that comes from knowing exactly how small changes can lead to big results in a final product. As a manufacturer, we recognize that the reliability of an anesthetic depends on more than just the headline purity percentage: it grows from consistency, traceability, and an honest focus on how each step supports the next. Most chemists working these lines know this truth. Scaling up production doesn't mean letting down standards; if anything, the stakes get higher with each drum.
Our current standard for (+/-)-Thiopental, often referred to as thiopental sodium, aligns closely with expectations for clinical and research use. Batches typically arrive in crystalline or fine powder form. Our analysis certifies not only the chemical identity but also verifies loss on drying, clarity, pH level, and the absence of likely contaminants. Precision, not volume, stays front and center as specifications tighten.
Our standard lot passes all chromatographic and spectroscopic benchmarks required to meet global pharmacopeias. Color, odor, and solubility hint at product integrity, but the real guarantee comes from methodically mapping spectra and tracing impurity profiles. Any deviation forces us to pause, recalibrate, and double-check—even when it means missing a shipping window.
(+/-)-Thiopental’s main arena is induction of anesthesia. Clinicians value its rapid onset and short duration, making it suited for short procedures or the first step before other agents take over. This pattern began back when alternatives were limited and persists because the molecule does what it promises—fast unconsciousness, brief recovery, and predictable pharmacodynamics when dosed with care. Our customers, often teaching hospitals and research centers, repeatedly remind us that subtleties matter. A slight delay in onset, or traces of hydrolyzed impurity, affects patient care and research outcomes alike.
We don’t see much demand from general surgical application in high-resource regions anymore. Most hospitals switched to newer agents over the past decade due to changing preferences. Even so, there’s a strong call from electrophysiology labs, veterinary clinics, and low-resource settings where cost, storage, and familiarity matter just as much as pharmacokinetics.
We’ve watched shifts in anesthetic practice push (+/-)-Thiopental to the margins, but it hasn’t vanished. Compared to propofol or etomidate, thiopental works fast and exits quickly, but it accumulates with repeated dosing. In lengthy surgeries, this risk prompts a move to other options. On the other hand, thiopental wins out for rapid sequence induction during emergencies or for procedures where airway protection needs to happen with speed and confidence.
Barbiturates once held a wide berth in operating rooms, but now, most formulas containing thiopental are tailored to very specific clinical needs. The racemic mixture (+/-)-Thiopental delivers predictability and familiar effects, unlike some newer classes where the learning curve stretches out. Physicians use our product because they know exactly what to expect.
We have produced other barbiturates and compared their characteristics in-house. Thiopental’s unique sulfur atom changes its lipid solubility and metabolic fate. As a result, onset is brisk, and the redistribution favors a short-lived action—attributes sought after in specific medical scenarios. There are agents today that claim fewer side effects, but their supply chains can be unpredictable, and pricing swings with raw material costs. In contrast, our thiopental’s supply remains stable even when the market gets turbulent.
The sodium salt’s ability to dissolve efficiently in solution stands out against other agents with more complex solubilization profiles. The sodium formulation means faster preparation and fewer compatibility headaches for pharmacy technicians. With propofol, clinicians sometimes face formulation questions given its lipid emulsion base and higher risk for contamination. We receive fewer complaints about preparation issues when our thiopental sodium heads out the door.
We face changing frameworks that impact everything—from packaging and allowable contaminants to reporting standards and new requirements for traceability. These changes aren’t just about compliance. More than once, regulators have updated definitions or raised thresholds for impurities based on long-term safety data. We respond by running extra validation experiments, retesting archived samples, and adjusting our production protocols. If a new guideline emerges from a pharmacopoeial update, we don’t wait for a warning letter; we recalibrate processes and sometimes send out advisories to our clinical partners, even if the shipments keep moving.
Supply chain transparency shaped how we make thiopental. Each source of precursor, each lot of sodium salts or solvents, builds a paper trail. Our team started digital batch tracking years ago. This step helps audit requests and studies seeking correlations between raw material changes and final product performance. Hospitals and government buyers ask for this level of detail—knowing that regulatory frameworks now give as much weight to supply chain security as to molecular structure.
Making (+/-)-Thiopental in our facility does not hinge on a black box approach. Chemists track reaction temperatures, monitor mixing rates, and adjust purification to deal with the challenges that daily production provides. Sometimes, slight lot-to-lot differences in precursor chemicals require close communication between procurement and technical staff. We observe how shifts in raw material suppliers affect crystal morphology and filterability.
Handling and packaging practices have real consequences. Careful drying minimizes hydrolysis byproducts; packing under inert atmosphere extends shelf life. The team conducts regular stability checks—sometimes pulling historical samples to double-check predicted assay stability with actual on-shelf data. Waste minimization measures matter, not because they appear on policy documents, but because each step saved in waste processing adds to batch reliability. These measures particularly resonate with customers focused on environmental responsibility.
Releasing a batch of thiopental isn’t just about meeting minimums. We test every lot for heavy metals and microbial contamination. During the last ten years, our QC team has refined impurity analysis. Newer detection systems allow lower thresholds and greater certainty that the product meets or exceeds published monographs. A customer pointed out an issue years ago with glass fragments in a rival sample. Since then, we’ve expanded in-process visual checks and installed finer sieving steps during the filling stage. Some chemists in this field cut corners under pressure; we remember that a few saved hours don’t balance out against patient safety.
Lab staff log every deviation and sometimes halt production to revalidate processes, even under tight shipment deadlines. We treat feedback from hospital pharmacies as part of the process. Occasional issues such as vial stoppers leaching trace components led us to re-source stoppers and run extended leaching studies, even though it raised short-term costs. Doing it right once avoids years of warranty or recall headaches later.
Global disruptions—whether caused by logistics breakdowns, export bans, or raw materials shortages—challenge anyone making thiopental. A few years back, several international distributors withdrew from the market, causing significant supply gaps. Some buyers scrambled to find alternatives. We keep a steady volume by locking in contracts with raw material suppliers, maintaining buffer stocks, and running redundancy in critical production lines. This approach translates to fewer delayed orders and better batch traceability.
Quality bottlenecks occasionally threaten to slow or stop production. Instead of passing blame down the line, we invested in upstream supplier audits, created disaster plans for regional warehouse access, and built relationships with local logistics providers who can react quickly to changing regulations or weather disruptions. These measures rarely show up in industry marketing copy, but our longest-standing clients know the impact when a shipment arrives on time, in spec, and unchanged from the last.
Some claim that complete automation guarantees better products. Years of hands-on experience tell us that trained oversight catches issues that a sensor alone cannot. Our production teams combine automated monitoring with manual spot checks. Every shift logs data, but they also walk the lines, sensing changes in how a batch smells, how it settles in the holding tank, or how a filter seems to clog. These small signals highlight what remote monitoring sometimes misses.
No amount of process validation can compensate for a lack of direct involvement. This approach built a foundation for trust with our users. Sometimes, we receive requests for custom solutions, be it special vial size, added labeling information, or modified excipient blends. While scale sometimes puts a cap on flexibility, we build these specific batches with the same attention given to generic lines. Reliability and willingness to adjust for a partner’s needs matter as much as any set of specifications.
We spent recent years redesigning waste handling systems. Making thiopental creates solvent-heavy waste streams. Old methods involved incineration, which raised regulatory and community concerns over emissions. Today, we operate enclosed treatment loops, recovering and recycling solvent wherever technically possible. The team monitors water usage and has introduced closed-cycle cleaning steps for equipment, which cuts down on freshwater inputs. These changes came from both outside pressure and an honest desire among our staff to reduce our footprint.
Product packaging uses recycled materials when feasible, and we conduct annual reviews to see if there are better alternatives without risking stability or shelf life. Even small changes—such as finer fill accuracy or careful batch size planning—mean less excess ends up as unusable inventory. Our goal focuses both on regulatory compliance and on an authentic sense of stewardship for the spaces our employees and their families occupy.
Working with thiopental brings up safety questions, particularly when facilities store or transport significant volumes. Our distribution teams provide real-world logistics guidance for temperature, humidity, and light protection. Sharing past lessons—like minimizing the risk of cross-contamination during high-output periods or managing cold chain storage for sensitive applications—strengthens partnerships.
Fielding questions from clinical users has become routine. We answer inquiries about compatibility with specific infusion pumps or about storage after reconstitution. These details don’t just live in the product insert. They are shaped by dialogue with clinicians and pharmacists who notice real-life variables and raise issues swiftly. Our response system logs every concern, searches the database for patterns, and provides grounded advice shaped by both data and hands-on knowledge.
For research customers, we support custom protocols when possible. Sometimes, academic labs request documentation about biosynthesis steps, detailed impurity breakdowns, or unusual excipients for specific animal models. Our in-house group develops bespoke solutions when these are possible, and points to alternative sources or partners when not. The point here isn’t about growing our volume but building longevity and trust.
Interest in barbiturate anesthetics like (+/-)-Thiopental shifts from year to year. Supply chain issues for newer hypnotic agents sometimes prompt renewed calls for our product, reminding the field how valuable reliable production remains. In some countries, policy changes redirect orders or restrict exports as geopolitical landscapes evolve. Navigating these shifts isn’t simple. We solve short-term shortages with robust logistical planning and long-term supply security by staying in daily contact with upstream partners and watching policy trends.
Demand from veterinarians, research institutions, and low-resource clinics continues. Large-scale producers occasionally withdraw from certain regions based on fluctuating market conditions; our response is to diversify our distribution and seek long-term partnerships, not just quick hits. This creates environments where clinicians and researchers can anchor their own work around stable supply.
What sets our (+/-)-Thiopental apart isn’t just a technical sheet or a long list of certificates. It’s the daily work that goes into every batch, the lessons learned from batches delivered, and the trust earned batch after batch. Our goal, shared by technicians, chemists, and logistics teams, comes down to making sure our thiopental fits lives—of patients, researchers, and healthcare professionals who build their own reputations on products they know and trust.
As the manufacturing team, we take responsibility for the tangible and intangible outcomes of our efforts. Each process improvement, each deeper conversation with an end user, and every careful test means more than a line item on a balance sheet. This is how the story of (+/-)-Thiopental continues—with integrity, transparency, and the steady hand of experience guiding every decision.