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Phenazine

    • Product Name Phenazine
    • Alias Azophenazine
    • Einecs 205-007-7
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    294548

    Chemical Name Phenazine
    Molecular Formula C12H8N2
    Molecular Weight 180.21 g/mol
    Appearance Yellow crystalline solid
    Melting Point 174-176 °C
    Boiling Point 360 °C
    Solubility In Water Low
    Density 1.27 g/cm³
    Cas Number 92-82-0
    Odor Odorless
    Pka 0.6
    Structure Type Aromatic heterocycle
    Synonyms Azophenylene
    Stability Stable under normal conditions
    Usage Intermediate in dye production

    As an accredited Phenazine factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Phenazine is packaged in a 25g amber glass bottle with a tightly sealed cap, labeled with hazard warnings and chemical details.
    Shipping Phenazine should be shipped in tightly sealed containers, clearly labeled, and protected from light and moisture. It must comply with chemical transport regulations, ensuring compatibility with packaging materials and separation from incompatible substances. During transit, appropriate documentation, hazard communication, and temperature control (room temperature) should be maintained to ensure safe delivery.
    Storage Phenazine should be stored in a tightly sealed container, away from light and moisture, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep it separated from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizing agents. Use proper labeling and store under conditions recommended by the manufacturer or safety data sheet to maintain stability and prevent contamination or degradation.
    Application of Phenazine

    Applications of Phenazine in Industrial Manufacturing

    As a chemical raw material manufacturer with deep expertise in the field, we supply phenazine for specialized downstream industries where its redox behavior and antimicrobial characteristics deliver tangible performance and regulatory value. Below we detail major application scenarios across several advanced manufacturing sectors, highlighting relevant industry requirements, functional usage ratios, placement in customer process flows, and the nature of the end products produced.

    1. Anticorrosive Additives for Industrial Coatings

    Formulators in the protective coatings sector employ phenazine as an effective corrosion inhibitor, especially for heavy-duty steel structures exposed to aggressive environments. Its electron transfer properties help prevent electrochemical corrosion, making it a preferred additive both in single-component paints and advanced epoxy or polyurethane systems for marine, pipeline, and infrastructure markets. Selection of dosing depends on base resin type and intended service environment, following recognized compliance systems.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 12944-6:2018 (Protective Paint Systems for Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures)
    • REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Substance Registration and Use)
    • ASTM D610, D714 (Coating Evaluation and Corrosion Ratings)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.2–1.5% by total solid weight; precise inclusion rates depend on coating formulation, substrate material, and risk assessment for target corrosivity categories (e.g., C4–C5 environments).

    Downstream process integration

    • Dispersed directly into the resin backbone or grinding phase during pigment dispersion. Incorporated before let-down to ensure thorough distribution and stability. Monitored through accelerated corrosion testing and formulation QC.

    Final product types

    • Marine and offshore platform coatings
    • Industrial tank linings
    • Pipeline exterior coatings
    • Protective paints for bridges and structural steel

    2. Intermediate for Azo and Anthraquinone Dye Synthesis

    Chemical companies manufacturing synthetic dyes utilize phenazine as a building block or redox mediator in multi-stage synthesis of certain anthraquinone and azo dyes. The compound participates in key electron transfer reactions and facilitates coupling steps leading to high-purity pigment precursors, strictly controlling metal and impurity content for compliance in regulated textile and printing applications.

    Industry compliance standards

    • OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 (Textile and Leather Chemicals)
    • ZDHC MRSL V3.1 (Manufacturing Restricted Substance List)
    • EU REACH Annex XVII (Restricted Substances in Dyes and Pigments)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.4–2.0 molar equivalents as a core reagent, depending on specific dye structure and reaction pathway. Adjusted according to batch size, stoichiometric demand, and target product color index.

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced at early or mid-stages in dye synthesis reactors, either as a direct reactant or reducing agent, depending on the dye type. Separated post-reaction and subjected to standard purification steps (filtration, recrystallization, solvent extraction) before isolation of the active dye material.

    Final product types

    • Anthraquinone vat dyes for cellulosic fibers
    • Azo disperse dyes for polyester applications
    • Reactive dyes for synthetic and blended textiles

    3. Antimicrobial Agent in Agricultural Seed Treatments

    Agrochemical producers incorporate phenazine derivatives as bioactive agents in seed coating formulations, targeting control of fungal pathogens such as Fusarium and Pythium. Its role as a stable, non-volatile antimicrobial helps protect germinating seeds in high-value crops, while meeting stringent residue and ecological safety standards set by global regulatory agencies.

    Industry compliance standards

    • FAO Guidelines for the Registration of Plant Protection Products
    • US EPA 40 CFR Part 180 (Pesticide Tolerances in Food and Feed)
    • EU Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 (Plant Protection Products)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.01–0.1% by weight of total seed coating formulation; adjusted according to seed type, disease pressure, and national registration limits. Lower inclusion in cereals, higher rates for oilseeds or legumes.

    Downstream process integration

    • Dissolved in coating slurries at controlled temperatures to prevent decomposition, blended with binders, colorants, and bulking agents. Applied via fluidized bed or drum coating systems with post-application drying to ensure even adherence and seed flowability.

    Final product types

    • Treated corn, soybean, and cottonseed for commercial sowing
    • Premium vegetable seed coatings

    4. Electrode Material in Advanced Flow Battery Manufacturing

    Energy storage system manufacturers leverage phenazine-based compounds as soluble redox-active materials for aqueous organic flow batteries. Their stable redox cycling and tunable molecular structure enable long service life, essential for grid-scale and renewable energy integration technologies. Formulators meticulously control additive purity and adjust loading parameters to optimize energy density and cycling stability, in accordance with rapidly expanding industry guidelines for advanced battery chemistries.

    Industry compliance standards

    • IEC 62932-2-1:2020 (Flow Battery Safety and Performance)
    • UL 9540A (Battery System Fire Test Method)
    • UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7 (Transportation Safety)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5–2.5 M concentration in electrolyte solutions; fine-tuned based on target energy density, system volume, and balance between solubility and cycle retention for the specific battery design.

    Downstream process integration

    • Dissolved as an active species in electrolyte formulations, injected into proprietary flow cell stacks during system assembly. Blended in closed system reactors to minimize contamination and degradation, then subjected to performance validation protocols.

    Final product types

    • Grid-connected redox flow battery units for utility-scale storage
    • Modular renewable energy storage solutions for microgrids or industrial backup

    5. Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients for Antibacterial Drugs

    APIs containing phenazine core structures form an important class of antibacterial agents. Pharmaceutical manufacturing plants use phenazine as a key intermediate or precursor in synthetic routes for drugs that target multi-resistant bacterial strains, especially for topical or veterinary applications. Adherence to pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practice and pharmacopoeia monographs is compulsory for each production stage, from initial reaction through purification and final crystallization.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 (Good Manufacturing Practice for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients)
    • USP/NF, Ph. Eur. (relevant drug monographs for API quality)
    • WHO GMP Guidelines (Global API Standards)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1.0 molar equivalent per API synthesis pathway; exact quantity controlled by reaction yield targets and structure-specific optimization. Monitoring of impurity profiles occurs at each batch stage.

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged into reactor vessels as a core intermediate or reactant at defined steps in multistage synthesis. Extensively purified by crystallization and chromatography prior to subsequent synthetic transformations and isolation of API product.

    Final product types

    • Phenazine-based antibacterial APIs for topical formulations
    • Veterinary injectable and oral antibiotics
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Phenazine: Reliable Performance from Bench to Production

    Crafting Phenazine: Precision and Responsibility in Every Batch

    At our facilities, phenazine leaves the reactor as a result of conscious choices around raw material quality, reaction control, and downstream purification. We do not cut corners—our production team tracks reaction exotherms, monitors pressure, and pays close attention to phase separations. Phenazine’s deep yellow crystalline body tells its own story, echoing careful oxidation, controlled crystallization, and timely isolation. Our technicians give each batch of phenazine as much scrutiny as solvent recovery or filtration. We do not rely on “standard procedures” alone; years in the lab show how easily a mismanaged pH or a stray impurity can derail downstream performance.

    In high-purity phenazine, chemical content and contamination thresholds matter. Our process consistently returns assays above 98.5%, checked using HPLC and UV-Vis purity profiles. Moisture is minimized—Karl Fischer titration confirms every lot falls within a narrow tolerance, reducing unexpected reactivity and improving shelf stability. In-house gas chromatography looks for traces of leftover feeding material, ensuring no sulfur or halogen residue escapes attention. These checks are part of daily operations, not just for show.

    Physical Parameters that Matter in Application

    Phenazine’s melting point needs to land near the literature value, typically 170-174°C, with a distinct, non-slumping edge. No batch leaves the warehouse without hot-stage analysis. The product must exhibit a robust, sharp melt—for those working in synthetic organic breaks and redox catalysis, this physical behavior supports proper performance. Consistent particle size, typically under 200 microns by default, comes from careful grinding and sieving, avoiding fines or dust that interfere in large-scale reactions.

    For certain downstream transformations, customers sometimes request narrower fractions or different morphologies. We can supply flake, granular, or even reprecipitated powder if needed. Our staff have run the identical scale-up steps that most end-users face, so requests for alternative grades or solid forms receive practical answers—no abstract promises, only what holds up in front of the Buchner funnel or in the bulk reactor.

    The Role of Phenazine: Not Just an Intermediate

    Much of phenazine’s value lies in its redox flexibility and structural versatility. Electronic materials researchers have leaned on phenazine’s aromatic scaffold for decades, using it to create conducting polymers, organic semiconductors, and dyes. The stability of our phenazine, backed by strong batch-to-batch reproducibility, allows formulators to control charge transfer and photostability, with less need for costly requalification. The deep color, a sign of full aromaticity, offers a visual check—a crucial shortcut in early screening.

    Agricultural companies ask us for material that meets their performance needs for bioactive blends and biopesticide syntheses. Subtle differences in purity, particle size, or residual solvents can alter the characteristics of a finished agrochemical. With our background in large-batch manufacturing, we align batch consistency with real-world use: not every phenazine molecule is made equal, but ours comes as close as possible every time.

    Phenazine in Electrochemistry and Energy Storage

    A growing use for phenazine sits in battery research. Teams developing aqueous and organic redox flow batteries count on the molecule’s reversible electron shuttling and oxidative resilience. When labs call and ask whether our material meets electroanalytical standards—parsed through cyclic voltammetry, checked against established redox pairs—we rely on experience. Tiny changes in oxidation state and small-vessel reactivity show up in inconsistent charge/discharge profiles; running real test cells with our own stocks lets us anticipate customer concerns. If the color, crystallinity, or electrochemical spread looks off, we know long before it gets shipped out.

    Pharmaceutical researchers also touch base, especially those developing new phenazine derivatives with antibiotic or antiparasitic behavior. They share a similar set of concerns: unexpected fluorescence, unpredictable yields, or trace residues. This feedback cycles back into our QC: beyond instrument readings, we run small-scale reaction screens to verify reactivity and check for surprises that a spectrometer might miss.

    What Sets Production-Grade Phenazine Apart

    Bench-grade phenazine—sourced from the lab or small traders—often comes with uncertainty. Moisture levels sneak up during transport, oxidized side products slip through if attention lapses during purification, and particle aggregation can arise after quick drying. Our experience trumps these issues: we invest in solid glassware cleaning, maintain atmospheric control during packaging, and keep packing steps traceable, allowing us to send product supported by full batch records.

    Storage also matters. Phenazine, despite its robust aromatic core, absorbs light, heat, and ambient moisture more than many realize. We store finished goods under nitrogen, use light-blocking containers, and schedule shipping to avoid unnecessary thermal swings. Customers working under strict regulatory oversight—pharma, high-end materials, fine chemical producers—have asked for stability data. Years of tracked samples prove our storage choices hold up, and reanalysis after long storage windows shows that color and purity don’t drift. While some producers simply hand off the powder, we keep tabs on what arrives at the customer dock.

    Legacy in Synthesis and Industry

    Phenazine production has evolved, but key steps remain unchanged, rooted in classic chemistry: careful oxidative coupling and controlled crystallization. There’s no substitute for experience with scale and a watchful eye on possible side reactions. Back when we ran our first kilo-scale oxidations, surprises kept us humble—rapid exotherms, unexpected byproducts, or filter clogs from fine contaminant formation. We do not rely on textbook routes alone; adaptations often stem from lessons best learned in the plant, not from the literature.

    This history means we select oxidants and solvents based on local regulations and environmental responsibility as much as a reaction’s theoretical yield. Recovery and waste minimization happen in parallel with production: spent streams run through solvent reclaimers and wastewater is tested before discharge. These efforts cut cost and environmental load, and—being transparent—also make our operations resilient to shifting compliance demands. Customers can ask for full traceability around source, production, and waste handling. We open our practices for peer review and audits, fostering trust rooted in proof, not just promises.

    Technical Support: Connecting Theory to Practice

    We don’t view phenazine as a black-box commodity. Every inquiry from a customer begins with a technical conversation. Whether you synthesize pharmaceutical actives at gram scale or blend phenazine into industrial composites by the ton, we answer with backed-up facts: particle size distribution curves, chromatograms, thermal decomposition data. We’ll run blend or solubility trials in parallel with client samples, knowing that process adaptation often requires realism, not just idealized tables.

    We also advise on safe storage, recommended handling equipment, and hazard minimization, whether for an academic researcher or a process engineer managing bulk chemical feeds. We share firsthand stories that textbooks don’t always spell out: how improper sonication can lead to static-induced losses, how vented drums prevent cake formation in humid climates, or when to expect color drift if exposed to daylight for extended periods.

    As industrial technicians, we respect the role of safety. Phenazine dust can become a risk in closed environments. Our dusty workspaces have taught us to recommend fume extraction and simple PPE—solutions developed through lessons learned in a working plant, not a hypothetical risk assessment. We answer questions not as theoretical chemists, but as people who have scooped, filtered, and packaged the material firsthand.

    Customization: Serving Practical Needs, Not Just Specifications

    Sometimes, the theoretical product spec and the practical need do not line up. A research group might want pre-dried material dispensed under argon, or a plant wants material in 25-kg fiber drums instead of smaller cans. With in-house flexibility, we adapt without delay. Requests for ingot-sized chunks, bulk crystals for slow-dissolution applications, or milled fines for rapid dispersion get heard and acted on. If a pilot plant asks for additional UV analyses or dynamic light scattering profiles, we oblige, knowing that pragmatic customer support leads to successful projects and repeat business.

    Packaging is no afterthought. Operator safety, ease of transfer, and shelf stability often trace back to packaging choices, and our lines handle everything from small foil pouches to sealed multi-lined drums. Customers with regulatory or sustainability preferences receive packaging that aligns with their local compliance needs, leveraging recyclable or returnable drum programs when required.

    Compliance and Traceability: More Than Paperwork

    Modern regulations keep producers honest. Phenazine leaves our plant accompanied by full traceability documentation—batch records verify each raw material lot, quality checks record every analytical result, and Certificate of Analysis forms sit ready to back up every order. We perform independent testing before export for sensitive markets, and archival reference samples remain on hand for follow-up analysis if regulatory authorities request them. Customers have access to a detailed batch history, not just a rubber-stamped spec sheet.

    We do not separate compliance from practical quality. Our in-plant records help us, as much as our partners, identify trends, batch variability, or potential shelf-life drift before they become issues in the field. Questions around trace impurities, possible cross-contamination, or storage stability get concrete answers rooted in months or years of operational records. Inspection and factory audits are welcomed, and data is available for review—our goal is to build trust through transparency, not marketing slogans.

    Comparing Phenazine: Practical Distinctions from Other Products

    We hear many customers ask about the differences between phenazine and close structural analogs such as phenazine derivatives or alternative aromatic scaffolds. No other compound quite balances redox stability, robust color, and solubility profile found in phenazine. Some competitors carry phenazine blends or offer impure side fractions, but these often give inconsistent melting points, unpredictable activity, or altered electrochemical signatures. We track differences by direct application—test reactions, reference conductivity runs, in-house electrochemical data—rather than relying on printed reference tables.

    Whereas substituted phenazines or related aromatics like quinoxaline or phenanthroline shift electronic character and reactivity, pure phenazine offers unmatched predictability for redox cycling, electronic material applications, and as a fermentation inhibitor in biotechnological settings. Customers troubleshooting inconsistent results with alternate suppliers often discover batch variations, mismatched melting profiles, or hidden contaminants only after pilot or production runs fail. Our attention to detail early in production bridges this gap and allows the end-user to focus on their innovations, not reworking or troubleshooting materials.

    To sum up the distinction: we sell crafted molecules, not just bulk product. Quality comes from connection—reactor to technician, operator to analyzer—resulting in phenazine that stands up to practical demands, audit scrutiny, and real-world results.

    Listening to Experience: Meeting the Unexpected

    The wider world throws curveballs: shifts in supplier reliability, region-specific regulatory changes, new safety data findings, or breakthroughs in application technology. As manufacturers, we adapt through hands-on experience. If a global event tightens the supply of an upstream precursor, we reference internal supplier networks and explore local alternatives instead of pausing delivery. When regulations shift—say, a new exposure limit appears in a key market or a downstream metabolite raises environmental concerns—we take immediate action and update our formulation or handling protocols accordingly.

    Problems do not look the same two years in a row. For example, phenazine’s role in advanced battery materials rose quickly in response to energy storage research; interest spiked after several labs highlighted its superior stability and charge characteristics. Our production team saw patterns emerging in color, particle habit, and analytical profile requests, leading us to expand purification options and develop collaborations with independent verification labs. When a pharmaceutical producer flagged a previously unnoticed trace impurity, the investigation circled back to an upstream process shift—solved within a production cycle, not half a year later.

    Continuous improvement rests on a mix of vigilance, learning, and humility. We bring up issues openly, work with customers directly, and log every out-of-tolerance batch. Internal post-mortems are part of our company culture: every step, from feeder pump calibration to packaging torque checks, gets reviewed if something doesn’t measure up to customer expectations.

    Phenazine—A Trusted Platform

    Phenazine deserves more than commoditized handling. It stands as a molecule defined by its performance, consistency, and adaptability—qualities only real-world manufacturing can preserve. Our years of hands-on production reinforce that subtle changes during synthesis or isolation impact outcomes in laboratories and plants worldwide. The product we ship reflects both the precision of our operators and our commitment to supporting progress in chemistry, materials science, energy, and the life sciences.

    Our story is not finished—customer challenges and new scientific directions keep us learning and improving. By staying embedded in both the practice and science of phenazine manufacturing, we help our partners achieve results grounded in reliability, responsiveness, and respect for the details that matter.