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L-Homocystine

    • Product Name L-Homocystine
    • Alias DL-Homocystine
    • Einecs 211-519-9
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    857895

    Product Name L-Homocystine
    Chemical Formula C8H16N2O4S2
    Molecular Weight 272.35 g/mol
    Cas Number 603-77-4
    Appearance White to off-white powder
    Solubility Insoluble in water, soluble in acids
    Melting Point 287 °C (dec.)
    Purity Typically ≥98%
    Storage Temperature 2-8 °C
    Synonyms Homocystine, DL-Homocystine
    Boiling Point Decomposes before boiling
    Iupac Name 4,4'-Disulfanediylbis(2-aminobutanoic acid)
    Origin Synthetic
    Uses Biochemical research, amino acid studies

    As an accredited L-Homocystine factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing L-Homocystine is packaged in a sealed amber glass bottle, labeled clearly, containing 5 grams of fine white crystalline powder.
    Shipping L-Homocystine is shipped in tightly sealed containers under cool, dry conditions to ensure stability and prevent contamination. Packaging complies with chemical safety regulations. During transit, it is protected from light, moisture, and incompatible substances. All shipments include appropriate hazard labeling and documentation as required for laboratory chemicals.
    Storage L-Homocystine should be stored in a tightly sealed container, protected from light and moisture. It is best kept at room temperature, away from direct sources of heat and incompatible substances, specifically oxidizers. For long-term stability, refrigeration at 2–8°C is recommended. Ensure proper labeling, and store in a well-ventilated, dry area designated for chemicals.
    Application of L-Homocystine

    Applications of L-Homocystine in Industrial Manufacturing

    L-Homocystine serves essential functions across specialized chemical manufacturing, bioprocessing, and pharmaceutical synthesis. The following application scenarios demonstrate its role in downstream industrial processes with compliance, formulation, integration, and finished product focus.

    1. Peptide and Protein Synthesis Intermediates

    Many peptide manufacturing facilities use L-Homocystine as an amino acid building block. Its disulfide linkage makes it vital in protected peptide synthesis and structural motif development for both biologics and specialty research reagents. Forms include both free acid and salt types to match the synthesis strategy, with its inclusion dictated by site-specific peptide design and customer requirements.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • USP (United States Pharmacopeia) standards for amino acid quality
    • ISO 9001:2015 quality management system for chemical intermediates
    • REACH registration for European supply

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5–5 mole% relative to total amino acid input, depending on peptide sequence
    • Adjustments made for target disulfide bridge incorporation within final peptide

    Downstream process integration

    • Fed into solid-phase or solution-phase peptide synthesis vessels after other cysteine analogs
    • Incorporated pre- or post-chain elongation for bridge formation
    • Processed through deprotection, coupling, and cleavage steps according to standard peptide protocols

    Final product types

    • Pharmaceutical-grade peptides
    • Biological reference standards
    • Research laboratory reagents for academia and CROs
    • Diagnostic peptides for kit manufacturing

    2. Cell Culture and Bioprocessing Media Formulations

    Leading biotechnology plants formulate L-Homocystine into cell culture media to support robust cell line expansion and protein expression. Its unique sulfur content aids in correct protein folding and supports cell viability under defined feed conditions. Stringent batch-to-batch control ensures release under pharma, vaccine, and biosimilar manufacturing requirements.

    Industry compliance standards

    • USP Chapter <797> for compounding sterile preparations (raw material traceability)
    • cGMP (21 CFR Parts 210/211) for biopharmaceutical processing
    • ISO 13485 for medical device-related cell culture reagents
    • EDQM (European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines) requirements for raw materials in biologics

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1–10 mg/L in basal or feed media, depending on cell type and target protein
    • Adjusted lower in serum-free formulations or specialty mammalian systems

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced into media blending tanks prior to sterilization
    • Dissolved with other amino acids and micronutrients, then filter-sterilized
    • Present throughout bioreactor culture phase during cell expansion and protein production

    Final product types

    • Monoclonal antibody drugs
    • Recombinant protein therapeutics
    • Cell-based vaccines
    • Commercial cell culture media blends

    3. Pharmaceutical Drug Substance Synthesis

    API production units utilize L-Homocystine in multistep schemes for targeted modification of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Its dual thiol reactivity provides controlled points for disulfide bond creation, relevant for antineoplastic agents, prodrug strategies, and advanced chemical entities requiring regulated oxidation or reduction.

    Industry compliance standards

    • EU GMP Volume 4 Part II for APIs
    • ICH Q11 for development and manufacture of drug substances
    • Ph. Eur. (European Pharmacopoeia) monographs for amino acids
    • FDA registered facility status for API intermediates

    Typical usage ratio

    • Range typically 1–10% w/w relative to total batch weight for intermediate steps
    • Precision based on targeted end-product yield and synthetic route

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced at either condensation or cyclization stages during API synthesis
    • Utilized under controlled-pH, anhydrous, or oxidative conditions as required by the process
    • Post-processing involves purification via crystallization or chromatography

    Final product types

    • Small molecule oncology drugs
    • Bioconjugates and ADC payload intermediates
    • Specialty prodrug agents containing disulfide bridges
    • Advanced pharmaceutical intermediates

    4. Food and Feed Amino Acid Premix Production

    Major food and feed additive manufacturers occasionally employ L-Homocystine for specialized amino acid fortification, primarily for animal nutrition experiments. Its controlled addition boosts sulfur amino acid profiles in ruminant diets and enables formulation of experimental feed blends in research or high-value breeding programs.

    Industry compliance standards

    • Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition (EU)
    • AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) guidelines
    • ISO 22000:2018 food safety management for feed additives
    • FDA GRAS status for amino acids in food/feed applications (where applicable)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1–50 ppm in total feed blends for targeted animal trials
    • Levels determined by research protocols, species, and production phase

    Downstream process integration

    • Dry blending with other amino acids, vitamins, and minerals in feed premix
    • Mixing performed under low-moisture controlled conditions to preserve disulfide structure
    • Final pelleting or extrusion during feed production ensures homogeneity

    Final product types

    • Amino acid-enriched feed additives
    • Complete research animal feeds (ruminants, poultry, swine)
    • Experimental diets for nutrition studies
    • Specialty breeder supplements

    5. Specialty Analytical Reagent Formulations

    Custom chemical suppliers and diagnostic kit makers formulate L-Homocystine as a reference standard and as a specific reagent in oxidative stress assessment, enzyme assays, and amino acid quantitation kits. Stability and traceability are critical; materials undergo batch testing for purity and secondary reference standard status before blending in analytical product lines.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 17025 accreditation for chemical testing laboratories
    • Certificate of Analysis (CoA) requirements for analytical grade reagents
    • CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) protocols for diagnostic kit ingredients
    • USP reference standard procedures for amino acid quantitation

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.1–5 mg per test kit or analytical standard batch
    • Proportion adjusted per assay sensitivity and instrument calibration

    Downstream process integration

    • Blended with other amino acids and stabilizers in reagent kit assembly
    • Bottled under inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation
    • Serial dilution and aliquoting performed for standard curve preparation

    Final product types

    • Clinical diagnostic reagent kits
    • Laboratory amino acid standards
    • Oxidative stress quantitation kits
    • Custom research reagents for analytical chemistry labs
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    Competitive L-Homocystine prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.

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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    L-Homocystine: Experience, Quality, and Science from Direct Manufacturers

    Our Journey with L-Homocystine Production

    We have spent years studying the chemistry of sulfur-containing amino acids. Stepping into large-scale production of L-Homocystine, every batch starts from precision-chosen raw materials because impurities in upstream reagents create unnecessary hurdles in downstream reactions and purifications. We know this compound is sometimes overlooked in the amino acids market, but its value stretches across biochemical research, cell culture, and specialty synthesis projects. Maintaining consistent quality and full traceability in L-Homocystine production requires discipline at every stage. Our technicians routinely calibrate their instruments, our analytical team pulls daily samples, and experienced chemists review every chromatogram before we approve a lot for shipment.

    What Makes L-Homocystine Distinct in Practice

    We manufacture L-Homocystine specifically in its crystalline form, offering it as a fine white powder. Our most in-demand grade targets the needs of life science and pharma sectors: purity consistently tests ≥98% by HPLC, and the product meets strict controls for heavy metals and microbial contamination. Many researchers in our network have shared stories of buying from distributors, only to discover the product doesn’t dissolve as expected, or forms impurities traceable to improper storage. Our packaging uses high-barrier laminated foil bags, purged with dry nitrogen to prevent oxidation of this sensitive disulfide-containing amino acid. We recommend refrigeration for long-term storage away from light, as even small exposure to humidity encourages degradation.

    The Importance of Correct Molecular Form and Sourcing

    L-Homocystine often gets confused with its monomer L-homocysteine, or with the racemic form DL-homocystine available from lower-cost suppliers. Our facility follows chiral resolution methods, separating out the unwanted D-isomer—ensuring the final product matches the enantiopurity critical for biochemical pathways. Many enzymes and research projects depend on absolute stereochemistry, and a 1% deviation in purity can derail an experiment or render a pharmaceutical intermediate unusable. In biomanufacturing, L-Homocystine plays a crucial role as a cysteine precursor in cell culture. Our audit trails confirm that animal-free synthesis routes matter to cell therapy customers, where risks of animal-origin contamination lead to regulatory delays. Years of feedback drove us to phase out animal hydrolysate sources entirely, using only synthetic or fermentative inputs.

    Daily Role in Research and Industry

    Customers in the research community specify L-Homocystine for its effect as a redox agent and precursor. In academia, work on oxidative folding of peptides regularly calls for small aliquots dissolved in buffer, with the expectation that only pure L-enantiomer will support correct folding. In cell and tissue culture media for mammalian systems, some formulations require L-Homocystine at micromolar scale to boost glutathione production or facilitate correct disulfide bridge formation in recombinant protein expression. Our products pass cell toxicity screens and are supported by published data in peer-reviewed studies. The reproducibility labs depend on comes from our tight control at the bench and in packaging—not only purity certificates.

    Comparing L-Homocystine to Other Sulfur Amino Acids

    L-Homocystine gets compared often to L-cystine or L-homocysteine. Although all three participate in transsulfuration and redox chemistry, they differ in reactivity, solubility, and biological compatibility. L-cystine is widely used as a cysteine supplement, but homocystine stands apart for its extra methylene group. Researchers have documented how the added backbone length influences enzyme binding and transport across cell membranes. We have worked with groups needing this structural difference for studies that go beyond sulfur donation—exploring methylation cycles or the role in cardiovascular models. Unlike cystine, homocystine’s disulfide bridge is more susceptible to reductive cleavage, making it a preferred starting point where controlled release of thiol groups is required.

    Supporting Researchers with Reliable Supply

    Manufacturing L-Homocystine at kilogram scale does not mean sacrificing analytical rigor. Over the years, investing in improvement allowed us to reduce batch-to-batch variability substantially, something small labs value when moving from test tube to pilot scale. We keep careful inventories to avoid supply interruptions. If a longstanding customer requests higher volumes or tighter specifications, our chemists invite discussion early in the R&D process. That partnership ensures supply chain resilience—without waiting for import paperwork or suffering from generic imports that ignore batch-to-batch reproducibility. Our team regularly reviews scientific literature and keeps open communication with laboratories, so our technical support not only covers product usage but also troubleshooting for new protocols or novel biochemical or pharmaceutical transformations.

    Purification, Analysis, and Quality Assurance

    Each batch undergoes full HPLC, NMR, and IR characterization. We post all chemical analytics online and attach COAs with detailed amino acid analysis by ion exchange chromatography. Some of our clients use mass spectrometry and check for specific elemental composition; our data files enable direct comparison. For those running in-vitro applications, our material is tested for endotoxin levels, confirming suitability for highly sensitive cell-based assays. We obtain reproducible melting points and consistently clear IR spectra, confirming the absence of low-level decomposition or moisture uptake. Our plant carries out accelerated stability tests under a range of humidity and temperature conditions—enabling confident recommendations on shelf life and storage guidance based on real data rather than guesswork.

    Traceability and Regulatory Support

    Scientists working in regulated spaces ask about traceability and liability more often than ever. We record batch manufacturing protocols, raw material certificates, and full change control logs on secure, access-controlled databases. Copies of every batch analysis stay on file for a decade. For projects that move from the benchtop to preclinical or clinical applications, we coordinate to deliver batch data for regulatory filings, providing transparently detailed origin-to-delivery documentation. Some of our customers appreciate having rapid access to EU REACH or US TSCA support, while others focus on non-animal-origin compliance to avoid regulatory delays. We respond quickly to audits and inspections, standing behind the product in real world procedures, rather than sending generic paperwork without direct reference to product history.

    Common Usage Practices and Research Trends

    The biochemical landscape around L-Homocystine is evolving. Decades ago, only a handful of groups isolated and characterized its properties. Now, with omics technologies decoding intricate cell pathways, its role in methylation cycles and transsulfuration draws increasing attention. People contact us for gram-grade samples to explore new enzyme binding sites or for protein folding. In stem cell media, L-Homocystine can replace cysteine or cystine to tailor redox properties. Drug synthesis groups target it as a masked source of homocysteine, protecting the thiol moiety until late-stage deprotection steps. Over the years, we’ve supplied this material for both routine and pioneering research—from basic transaminase screening assays to industrial bioreactor optimization. As research priorities move, our product development adapts—expanding grading options and size offers while keeping close technical support for changing protocols.

    Dealing with Market Challenges and Customer Feedback

    Our approach has grown from a handful of regular clients to a diversified portfolio by listening to user feedback. Some labs ask for extra large batches with guaranteed long shelf life, so we adjusted our packaging tech to minimize oxidation. Others want L-Homocystine in ultra-low endotoxin grades—requiring changes in our filtration systems and regular investment in particle-free environments. Issues that crop up in bench-scale production, such as solubility or unexpected side reactions, often trace back to old or impure stock. Providing a direct link to manufacturing helps us resolve these quicker, offering guidance based on actual process chemistry. When a university team received a shipment exposed to accidental moisture, our QA team traced the entire logistical path and shipped a fresh batch without extra paperwork delays, sharing lessons learned with both shipping partners and the originating logistics team. Real-world feedback has led us to employ more moisture indicators inside each drum and to train every handler about the sensitivity of amino acid disulfides.

    Why Direct Manufacturing Matters

    Being the manufacturer, not just a seller, changes everything about quality and responsibility. Unlike resellers, we see every step from raw material procurement, synthesis, isolation, to packing and delivery. Tighter supply chain control cuts down the risk of contamination, mislabeling, or mixing enantiomers, which sometimes happens at third-party repacking houses. We know chemists and biologists trust the small details, whether it’s the specific batch number or a record of environmental controls during crystallization. Our routine site audits, reagent testing, and continuous process improvements aren’t visible to others, but they appear in reproducibility, solubility, and impurity control noticed by our repeating customers. Being accountable for every order gives us the incentive to fix errors fast and keep improving before a problem reaches the customer.

    Stability, Storage, and Handling: Practical Experience

    L-Homocystine looks chemically robust, but close inspection reveals its sensitivities. Even trace water triggers slow hydrolysis, so we pack under dry, inert atmosphere and use sealed containers. Technicians consistently keep it refrigerated at 2–8°C. We discourage exposure to direct sunlight, as years of observation confirm faster degradation under strong light. In educational outreach, we share best practices for transferring small aliquots, dissolving in freshly prepared buffered solution, and drying unused portions under vacuum when possible. These details may sound basic, but the most frequent troubleshooting calls follow accidental moisture exposure or storage at room temperature over a semester break. Customers who build these routines into their workflow rarely encounter unexpected results, highlighting the role of direct manufacturer support that goes past what’s printed on a simple tech datasheet.

    Technical Support beyond the Sale

    Our technical team has seen wide-ranging projects. Sometimes researchers call about unexpected peaks in HPLC after storing a solution overnight. Often, these issues stem from partial oxidation or pH drift in buffers. We walk clients through reconstitution methods, optimal solvents, and the best sequence for combining L-Homocystine with other amino acids to avoid compatibility issues. In peptide synthesis, the timing of disulfide incorporation matters. Lab teams report success when following our solvent and pH guidelines, especially in redox cycling enzymes and protein-folding work. This troubleshooting approach stems directly from years of manufacturing, seeing exactly where things tend to go wrong, and building that real-world knowledge into our support systems.

    Eco-Responsibility and Manufacturing Transparency

    We have watched environmental regulation tighten steadily. Our plant’s wastewater processes now exceed domestic and EU standards for sulfur discharge. We reclaim solvents wherever feasible and switched to less hazardous reagents a decade ago, minimizing waste without compromising product purity. Every outgoing batch is accompanied by clear data and environmental impact paperwork, giving end-users the confidence needed to use our materials in open, safety-conscious environments. Sharing manufacturing and environmental practice builds the trust that only direct manufacturers can maintain over the long run.

    Responding to New Demands: Scaling and Customization

    Researchers working at the frontiers of science often push for new product forms—a demand we’re glad to meet. Recent years have brought calls for microbead or spray-dried preparations better suited to automated reactor systems. In our development group, we tune particle size by adjusting crystallization protocols and post-synthesis drying. We built new grinding and sieving processes to supply L-Homocystine not only as a powder but in tailored granulations for customers working on high-throughput screening or continuous processing. All those adaptations flow from direct experience in the lab and feedback from research teams aiming to automate or scale projects. Keeping lines of communication open, especially between chemists and production staff, builds more responsive and reliable products for everyone using L-Homocystine—no matter the application.

    Looking Forward: The Evolving Role of L-Homocystine

    Interest in both large- and small-scale usage has grown with biotechnological advances. Our team stays engaged in collaborative projects with both academia and industry partners exploring next-generation uses—whether in gene editing, antioxidant pathways, or advanced regenerative medicine. Every year brings new papers uncovering further roles for sulfur intermediates and disulfide compounds. Supplying a foundation for these breakthroughs is no small responsibility. By continuing to invest in our people, our instruments, and our process know-how, we help customers tackle questions as they arise, confident in the reliability and integrity of the L-Homocystine they use. That commitment has become the cornerstone of our relationship with the scientific and manufacturing communities who rely on this advanced amino acid compound.

    Closing Perspective: Why Our Role as Manufacturer Matters

    L-Homocystine remains a specialty chemical not everyone understands, but for those in the know, the difference between supplier grades stands out. Based on conversations with both seasoned and newer researchers, quality and consistency win the day. Some big sellers dilute, repackage, or skip chiral separation, but we take pride in direct oversight—matching our product to strict scientific demands. The future of L-Homocystine in research, pharma, and cell therapy depends on keeping both innovation and responsibility at the front of our process—one batch, one customer, one result at a time. Our manufacturing journey with L-Homocystine reflects our core values: transparency, scientific rigor, and practical service, rooted in years of direct experience and commitment to the people who trust us with their most critical research and production goals.