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HS Code |
363700 |
| Cas Number | 39948-01-3 |
| Molecular Formula | C9H9NO2S |
| Molecular Weight | 195.24 |
| Iupac Name | (S)-2-Amino-3-(thiophen-3-yl)propanoic acid |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid |
| Melting Point | 235-239°C (dec.) |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Purity | Typically ≥98% |
| Chemical Structure | Contains a thienyl group attached to alanine backbone |
| Synonyms | L-3-(2-Thienyl)alanine; L-α-Amino-3-thienylpropionic acid |
| Storage Conditions | Store at 2-8°C, protected from light and moisture |
| Optical Activity | [α]20/D +23° (c=2, H2O) |
As an accredited L-3-Thienylalanine factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | L-3-Thienylalanine is packaged in a 25g amber glass bottle with a secure screw cap, labeled with product details and hazards. |
| Shipping | L-3-Thienylalanine is shipped in tightly sealed containers to protect it from moisture and contamination. The chemical is handled according to standard safety protocols for amino acids and aromatic compounds, requiring the use of appropriate protective gear. Shipping complies with local and international regulations for laboratory chemicals to ensure safe and secure transport. |
| Storage | L-3-Thienylalanine should be stored in a tightly sealed container, protected from light and moisture. Store at room temperature, ideally between 2-8°C, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep away from incompatible substances and sources of ignition. Proper labeling and secure storage are essential to prevent contamination and ensure safety during handling. |
Applications of L-3-Thienylalanine in Industrial ManufacturingL-3-Thienylalanine serves as a key chiral building block and functional additive in several high-value pharmaceutical and fine chemical manufacturing sectors. Our direct production experience has shown that its integration into advanced industrial processes enables the synthesis of complex molecules where precise stereochemistry and thiophene incorporation are critical. Below, we outline distinct downstream applications with specific considerations for compliance, formulation ratios, incorporation steps, and end-product categories. 1. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Synthesis – Antihypertensive DrugsLeading pharmaceutical manufacturers use this intermediate in the synthesis of angiotensin II receptor antagonists where thiophene substitution enhances biological activity and selectivity. Integration of this compound occurs in multi-step organic synthesis pathways demanding high chiral purity and stringent process control to ensure traceability and compliance under regulated production environments. Industry compliance standards
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2. Peptidomimetic Drug DevelopmentResearch-driven contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMOs) employ L-3-Thienylalanine to introduce non-natural residues in the backbone of peptide analogues for enhanced metabolic stability and receptor selectivity. This non-proteinogenic amino acid can replace phenylalanine residues to modulate bioactivity profiles in lead optimization campaigns targeting protease or G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) drugs. Industry compliance standards
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3. Chiral Ligand and Catalyst Synthesis for Asymmetric CatalysisProducers of homogeneous catalysts for fine chemical and agrochemical synthesis incorporate L-3-Thienylalanine as a chiral induction source in the synthesis of ligands containing both amino acid moieties and heteroaromatic functionalities. The presence of the thiophene group enhances ligand binding affinity and steric control for enantioselective hydrogenation and C–C bond formation, critical for value-added intermediate production. Industry compliance standards
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4. Precursor for Imaging Agent and PET Radiotracer SynthesisProducers of diagnostic isotopic tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) utilize this non-standard amino acid to develop novel probe structures that mimic biological substrates but offer distinctive imaging signatures. Its unique thiophene core allows for facile radio-labeling at various positions and enhances brain penetration characteristics required in CNS-targeted probe development. Industry compliance standards
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Producing specialty amino acids has offered us a front-row seat to how targeted improvements in chemical manufacturing can create new possibilities for pharmaceuticals and advanced materials. Among these products, L-3-Thienylalanine stands out for its functional advantages and how it responds to evolving industry demands. Here, we draw from our direct experience bringing this compound from laboratory synthesis to commercial-scale production, focusing specifically on its practical usefulness and the value it brings in comparison to similar products.
L-3-Thienylalanine belongs to the family of non-proteinogenic amino acids, built on a thienyl group attached at the third carbon of the alanine backbone. In our facility, we produce this compound under batch codes referenced by its CAS number (39948-01-1). The product appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder, with each batch routinely tested to validate optical rotation and confirm chiral purity. Meeting 98%+ purity (measured by HPLC) is standard practice, with rigorous controls on enantiomeric excess to support strict application needs. Moisture content, trace metals, and solvent residues receive close analysis — these details matter because pharmaceuticals and research labs expect tight control over every lot.
From a chemical manufacturer’s point of view, keeping tightly controlled specifications is a necessity, not a luxury. Any variation — from polymorphic form to water content — risks reducing batch yields, causing process interruptions, and introducing inconsistencies into research or production pipelines downstream. Over nearly a decade of producing L-3-Thienylalanine at multi-kilogram scale, we have invested in refining crystallization steps to remove impurities associated with thiophene oxidation, as these are notorious for interfering in biocatalysis research and peptide synthesis.
The pharmaceutical sector values L-3-Thienylalanine for its distinct building block. Chemists incorporate this amino acid into peptide frameworks in search of altered bioactivity, improved pharmacokinetics, or enhanced resistance to enzymatic breakdown. The polarized thienyl ring contributes unique interactions in enzyme-substrate systems, which is rarely achieved using more typical alanine derivatives.
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) labs especially gravitate toward our product’s high optical and chemical purity. The difference between synthetic failures and successful library generation can rest on trace impurities in non-standard amino acids. Several of our clients have documented that peptides synthesized with L-3-Thienylalanine analogs outperformed control compounds on key drug discovery indicators, such as affinity, selectivity, or serum stability. As a manufacturer, fielding feedback from downstream innovators reinforces the importance of process control on our end.
L-3-Thienylalanine also sees use in research probing structure-activity relationships in proteins and enzymes. The thienyl group’s electron density and aromatic nature create new opportunities for π-stacking or hydrogen bonding experiments. Academic and biotech partners describe how unique interactions facilitated by L-3-Thienylalanine substituted peptides often reveal previously unobserved binding modes or resistance mechanisms to traditional proteolytic enzymes.
Many chemists have access to basic α-amino acids and simple D- or L-analogs for decades. L-3-Thienylalanine differentiates itself through the electronic and physical properties imparted by the thiophene ring. Unlike standard L-alanine, this structure brings aromaticity into play without the steric hindrance or hydrophobicity of phenylalanine. Compared to L-3-pyridylalanine, the sulfur in the thienyl group creates new electronic possibilities, and we have observed different stacking tendencies in test reactions. This influences how peptides fold and interact with surrounding media. Often, medicinal chemists report that substituting a thienyl moiety in a peptide backbone can drive improved water solubility for certain classes of drug candidates, without the metabolic liabilities sometimes linked to straight-chain aromatic amino acids.
Another useful distinction relates to compatibility in multi-step synthesis. The thienyl group resists oxidative degradation better than many other heterocyclic amino acids under conditions commonly used in peptide assembly. We have supplied numerous CRO and academic research groups who document less by-product formation and improved cleavage yields using our L-3-Thienylalanine compared with more reactive heterocycles.
Customers often ask about shelf stability and recommended storage. L-3-Thienylalanine stores best in sealed containers, protected from moisture and direct light. Over the years, we noticed that open-air exposure can trigger slow oxidative yellowing, primarily due to the thienyl ring’s sensitivity to singlet oxygen. By controlling humidity and oxygen content in our packaging workflow, we routinely deliver product batches that maintain color and consistency for at least 24 months from manufacture. We back this up with real-time and accelerated aging data collected during our QA assessments.
Batch-to-batch reproducibility is rarely discussed in promotional literature, but in the lab it dictates process reliability. We measure lot uniformity across more than a dozen critical points, including melting range, infrared spectral signature, and impurity profile. This lets customers plan multi-batch syntheses or scale up from milligram pilot runs to kilogram-scale campaigns with confidence.
Scaling up L-3-Thienylalanine involves a few critical bottlenecks. One persistent challenge comes from the coupling step where raw thiophene intermediates are converted into the amino acid backbone. Initial process development revealed how minor changes in pH and temperature dramatically affect overall yield and by-product formation. Through iterative optimization — and plenty of trial and error — we established a sweet spot that delivers both yield and purity suitable for downstream peptide synthesis.
Another real-world consideration centers on traceability. Each batch receives full documentation of synthesis history, purification steps, and quality control analytics. Pharmaceutical partners sometimes need lot-by-lot traceability going back multiple years to support their regulatory submissions. Having these records on hand simplifies audit processes and gives customers a clear line of sight into supply chain reliability.
Environmental stewardship continues to shape how we approach chemical manufacturing. Over the past several years, we phased out legacy solvents with higher toxicity and replaced them with greener alternatives during both synthesis and purification. Reducing solvent usage forced the team to rethink crystallization protocols but paid off with lower overall emissions and safety improvements for the floor crew. Waste thiophene residues are now recovered and shipped to qualified recyclers. These kinds of changes eventually become not just environmental wins but also cost savings that benefit end-users across the supply chain.
Energy consumption provides another target for continuous improvement. Line upgrades for process heating and vacuum handling have let us reduce batch cycle energy input by over 25% compared with our starting process. While incremental, these steps represent direct gains for both operational efficiency and the sustainability of larger supply contracts.
Over the years, our technical support team has worked closely with research groups actively applying L-3-Thienylalanine in medicinal chemistry and protein engineering. One drug discovery program requested a custom chiral standard for their in-house bioassays—fast turnaround and documentation made their FDA preclinical submission process smoother. These collaborations deliver feedback that feeds straight back into our manufacturing development.
In another case, a major academic group worked with us to design a synthetic route to a set of peptide analogs using L-3-Thienylalanine. Close attention to impurity carryover helped them achieve NMR spectra without trace background, a detail which simplified downstream biological analysis. These problem-solving relationships help us refine both synthesis quality and logistics.
Maintaining quality with specialty amino acids requires more than simply passing certificates of analysis. We operate in-process testing throughout each batch, not just at the end stage. As a direct result, our outgoing product routinely shows tighter impurity limits than what pharmacopeia guidance would require. Our team frequently reviews customer data from their own incoming QC, and where results ever deviate from expected thresholds, we analyze root causes and adjust process controls as needed. Maintaining year-over-year performance keeps customer research uninterrupted and supports ongoing repeat orders.
Drug discovery never stands still, and neither do the molecules under investigation. L-3-Thienylalanine features more frequently in small molecule, peptide, and even antibody-drug conjugate R&D programs today. This trend is powered by its unique functionality: medicinal chemistry teams seek motif changes that tune receptor selectivity or bioavailability, often spotting opportunities where standard aromatic amino acids fall short. Our production records confirm a noticeable uptick in demand for enantiomerically pure, low-residual-solvent L-3-Thienylalanine for exactly this kind of high-value screening.
Because our batches achieve higher lot uniformity, teams working on combinatorial peptide libraries or cyclic peptide mimetics experience fewer surprises in synthesis outcomes. A more predictable raw material supports automated high-throughput screening campaigns. Our experience supporting these workflows has taught us the operational headaches that come with batch-to-batch variability—nailing down that consistency has become part of our differentiator in the marketplace.
The experience of producing and supplying L-3-Thienylalanine at both lab and commercial scales teaches a few truths. Reliable sourcing is about data, not just promises. We maintain real-time records accessible for customer audits. Responding to customer feedback, we adjusted particle sizing, switched packaging formats, and changed logistics timelines to accommodate urgent synthesis needs or regulatory changes.
By investing in staff training and cross-functional QA, we shortened batch release cycles and improved troubleshooting when issues arose. As more research pivots to using thienyl chemistry in drug design, new requirements continue to surface. We find researchers frequently request documentation on residual metals and potential for cross-contamination with structurally similar sulfur compounds. We answer these concerns preemptively by supplying analytical documentation that covers both standard and specialized impurity classes.
Working as the manufacturer gives us direct oversight at every step, from raw materials to final shipment. This hands-on approach translates into reliable lead times and depth of batch knowledge that traders and distributors rarely match. Customers count on us to fulfill orders across a range of sizes—from research grams to process-scale drums—backed up with documentation prepared for regulatory environments. Our continued relationships with pharmaceutical R&D, academic, and industrial chemistry clients reinforce the importance of quality at scale.
Direct sourcing from production enables transparency. When customers ask about process controls or raw material origins, we supply direct data, not canned marketing language. This level of openness supports research teams, compliance officers, and project managers looking to make procurement decisions based on measurable quality.
Meeting the evolving demands for specialty amino acids like L-3-Thienylalanine requires both technical know-how and a willingness to adapt. Market demands for greater purity, faster turnaround, and lower ecological impact now shape nearly every production decision. Responding hasn’t been about adding bells and whistles, but getting every detail right—from validating starting materials to validating final lots in end-use applications.
Multi-step synthesis steps can introduce a variety of low-level impurities. We perform full-spectrum impurity analysis and keep impurity reference libraries so we can reliably distinguish between process-related by-products and external contamination. This critical separation pays off for pharmaceutical compliance and speeds up root-cause investigations in the event of any synthesis hiccup.
The need for project-specific documentation also cannot be ignored. Academic partners often work under grant deadlines; pharmaceutical companies need regulatory paperwork ready for their filings. Delivering full traceability, spectral data, and impurity fingerprints on short notice means we don’t just manufacture chemicals—we supply peace of mind.
Every cycle of production provides feedback for how to optimize our systems and deliver better outcomes for customers. For L-3-Thienylalanine, transitioning from glassware bench-scale to pilot and then to commercial-scale reactors brought dozens of tweaks—each aimed at improving yield, purity, or process safety. Team-level collaboration across production, analytical chemistry, and technical support has been critical for ironing out unexpected roadblocks.
Sustaining these improvements means bringing QA insights directly into process development. Routine review meetings include production technicians, chemists, and quality analysts. Problems are seen not as blame points but as opportunities for debugging and teamwork. This habit has minimized surprises at scale-up and removed bottlenecks before they could slow deliveries.
Over the past several years, the compounds customers focus on often predict where research will go. L-3-Thienylalanine, as a specialty building block, remains central to projects exploring new peptide-based therapeutics and diagnostics—not only because of its unique chemical features but also because the supply chain can now support the scale and documentation modern projects demand.
As more research pivots toward harnessing non-standard amino acids for targeted therapies or improved bioactivity, requests for even tighter impurity specs and broader documentation increase. We continue to update analytical protocols to identify and quantify newer trace-level contaminants and help researchers answer increasingly complex regulatory questions.
Producing L-3-Thienylalanine has taught us how essential hands-on process control becomes for specialty chemical suppliers in the modern research supply chain. Whether the use case involves pharmaceutical discovery, advanced material science, or protein engineering, providing consistently high-quality product backed by thorough documentation now separates effective manufacturers from the rest. Focusing on transparency, routine improvements, and responsive technical support gives downstream researchers and developers an edge. Looking ahead, we plan to continue investing in the core strengths that make direct manufacturing a reliable partner for evolving innovation in heterocyclic amino acids like L-3-Thienylalanine.