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Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate

    • Product Name Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate
    • Alias Chromium(3+) hydroxide hydrate
    • Einecs 242-006-0
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    139338

    Product Name Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate
    Chemical Formula Cr(OH)3 · nH2O
    Appearance Green amorphous solid
    Solubility In Water Insoluble
    Density Approx. 3.4 g/cm³ (anhydrous form)
    Melting Point Decomposes before melting
    Cas Number 12001-88-2
    Ph Amphoteric (varies with concentration and environment)
    Stability Stable under normal temperatures and pressures
    Odor Odorless
    Primary Use Precursor for chromium compounds, pigments and catalysts

    As an accredited Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate, 500g, is packaged in a sealed, labeled HDPE bottle with hazard and handling warnings.
    Shipping Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate should be shipped in tightly sealed containers, protected from moisture and incompatible substances. Handle as a non-flammable but potentially hazardous material. Use appropriate labeling and documentation according to local, national, and international regulations. Ensure secure packaging to prevent leaks, spills, or contamination during transit.
    Storage Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate should be stored in a tightly sealed container, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep it away from incompatible materials such as strong acids and oxidizers. Protect from moisture and direct sunlight. Proper labeling and secure storage are essential to prevent accidental release or contamination. Use secondary containment if possible to avoid spills.
    Application of Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate

    Applications of Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate in Industrial Manufacturing

    Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate plays a critical role in several industrial manufacturing sectors. Its controlled reactivity, stable hydration state, and defined particle morphology support specific performance requirements in downstream production. Below, we outline core application scenarios, compliance, usage ratios, process integration, and targeted end-products based on verified industry practices.

    1. Pigment Production for Ceramic and Glass Industries

    Ceramic pigment manufacturers use chromium (III) hydroxide n-hydrate as a precursor in the synthesis of chromium-based green pigments, such as chromium oxide green. The material’s consistent hydration level supports precise calcination reactions, resulting in high color strength and particle uniformity. Reliable sourcing at production scale enhances batch reproducibility required for tile, sanitary ware, and architectural glass applications.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 1248:2006 (Pigments, chromium oxide green — Specifications and methods of test)
    • EN 12875 (Thermal shock resistance of pigments in ceramics and glass)
    • REACH (EU Regulation 1907/2006, pigment substance registration)
    • ANSI Z124 (Safety and performance standards for ceramic plumbing fixtures)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 5–15% by weight in ceramic body pigment blends, adjusted for color intensity and firing cycle
    • Up to 20% for glass coloring batches targeting deep green shades

    Downstream process integration

    • Wet milling together with alumina and silica bases during pigment precursor synthesis
    • Calcination in rotary or tunnel kilns at 1000–1300°C for pigment formation
    • Direct introduction into glass melt tank during coloration stage

    Final product types

    • Glazed and unglazed ceramic tiles
    • Sanitary ware and tableware ceramics
    • Architectural and container glass
    • Enamels and structured glass panels

    2. Corrosion-Resistant Metal Surface Treatments

    Surface finishing companies apply chromium (III) hydroxide n-hydrate in conversion coatings to passivate steel and non-ferrous metals. The material supports trivalent chromium passivation processes which produce strong, environmentally safer protective layers. These treatments provide corrosion resistance for fasteners, electronic housings, and automotive components with improved compliance over hexavalent chromium.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 4520:1981 (Chromate conversion coatings on electroplated zinc)
    • RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU, restriction of hazardous substances in electrical/electronic equipment)
    • ASTM B201 (Standard Practice for Testing Chromate Coatings on Zinc and Cadmium Surfaces)
    • GMW 3044 (General Motors - Chromium (III) surface treatments)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5–3 g/L in conversion bath formulations, tunable for coating thickness or chromic oxide content
    • Adjusted according to substrate type, dwell time, and desired appearance (iridescent or clear)

    Downstream process integration

    • Dissolution in acidified bath following cleaning and pickling steps
    • Application by immersion or spray techniques onto metal surfaces
    • Post-treatment includes sealing or rinsing, depending on layer specifications

    Final product types

    • Electro-galvanized fasteners
    • Automotive brake components
    • Electronic enclosure panels
    • Building hardware and connectors

    3. Catalyst Precursor for Olefin Polymerization

    Polyolefin manufacturers incorporate chromium (III) hydroxide n-hydrate into catalyst preparation for ethylene and propylene polymerization. Its hydrated form offers controlled chromium release during calcination with silica carriers, supporting metal dispersion critical for high-activity chromium catalysts. The process enables the production of polyethylene and polypropylene resins with required molecular weight distribution and compositional uniformity.

    Industry compliance standards

    • 21 CFR 177.1520 (FDA regulation for polyolefin food contact safety)
    • ISO 1067 (Catalysts — Test methods for carrier-supported chromium catalysts)
    • IATF 16949 (Automotive sector quality management for polymer suppliers)
    • REACH (Substance registration for polymer catalyst precursors)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.05–0.5% chromium by weight in silica-supported catalyst slurries
    • Dosed according to target polymerization activity and resin property requirements

    Downstream process integration

    • Mixing into deionized water with silica/alumina carriers during catalyst slurry preparation
    • Controlled drying and calcination under nitrogen at 400–900°C
    • Final deployment in gas-phase or slurry-phase polymerization reactors

    Final product types

    • High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pellets
    • Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films
    • Polypropylene resins for automotive and packaging use
    • Polymer-grade masterbatches

    4. Tanning Agents in Leather Processing

    Leather tanneries rely on chromium (III) hydroxide n-hydrate as a controlled source of trivalent chromium during the wet-blue tanning stage. Its gradual solubility at acidic pH values ensures consistent penetration and crosslinking of collagen fibers. The resulting leather meets mechanical, hydrothermal, and color fastness standards for footwear, upholstery, and apparel products while minimizing hexavalent chromium species in effluent streams.

    Industry compliance standards

    • EN 16417 (Determination of chromium (VI) content in leather)
    • ISO 5398-1 (Determination of chromium content in leather by atomic absorption spectrometry)
    • LWG Leather Working Group Environmental Protocol
    • REACH Annex XVII (Restrictions on chromium (VI) in leather articles)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 3–5% by weight of hide during pickling and tanning processes
    • Dosed according to hide type, thickness, and end-product durability requirements

    Downstream process integration

    • Preparation in tanning float following pickling with acid and salt solutions
    • Incremental addition with continuous agitation for uniform distribution
    • Adjustment of bath pH to 3.5–4.0 to promote uptake and crosslink formation

    Final product types

    • Wet-blue tanned leather sides
    • Finished shoe upper leather
    • Automotive upholstery hides
    • Industrial work gloves

    5. Precursor in High-Purity Chromium Compound Synthesis

    Producers of specialty chemicals and advanced materials use chromium (III) hydroxide n-hydrate to synthesize pure chromium salts, such as chromium chloride and nitrate, through controlled solution-phase reactions. The hydrate form supports efficient dissolution, minimizing residual impurities, and offers standardized starting stoichiometry for downstream crystalline or solution products.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ACS Reagent Chemicals (Grade specifications for analytical reagents)
    • ISO 9001 (Quality management for chemical manufacturing)
    • ASTM E534 (Standard test method for purity of inorganic salts)
    • REACH (Registration of specialty chromium compounds for industrial use)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Exact stoichiometry determined by target product and conversion yield; typically 1 mol of hydroxide per 1 mol of target chromium salt

    Downstream process integration

    • Dissolution in acid (e.g., HCl or HNO3) at controlled temperature
    • Filtration to remove insoluble residues
    • Crystallization or evaporation as required for final compound isolation

    Final product types

    • Chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate
    • Chromium(III) nitrate nonahydrate
    • High-purity chromium oxide analytical standards
    • Electronic grade bulk reagents
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate: Consistent Performance from the Manufacturing Floor

    Understanding What Sets Our Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate Apart

    As a manufacturer with decades of hands-on experience, we know that no two formulations behave the same in production. Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate stands out for its stability and reliability—qualities that matter most in a real-world plant. Consistency from lot to lot comes from controlling each step, from the sourcing of feedstock to the final product leaving our quality control lab. Here, every step ties into one goal: keeping your process downtime to a minimum and minimizing surprises on the line.

    Our facility produces Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate with a focus on high purity and repeatable particle morphology, aiming to eliminate batch variability that can throw off downstream equipment or end-use properties. Technical specifications often focus on hydroxide percentage, trace impurity limits, and free water content. Lab numbers matter, but in production, people ask: does filtration clog or flow? Does drying behave the same as last month? Do the pigments in ceramics or coatings keep showing the color tone designers expect? We approach these questions in our daily work.

    From Ore to Usable Hydroxide—Why Process Choices Matter

    The manufacturing route changes the texture of the final product. The method used, reaction controls, and washing protocols have a direct impact on solubility, dispersibility, and trace contamination. Some sources start with basic chromium salts, while others use ore digestion. Our process never shortcuts rinsing steps—impurities such as sodium, calcium, or residual acids throw performance off in sensitive applications. Minimizing these at the source saves processors time and cuts out frustrating adjustments downstream.

    We’ve been challenged by glass and pigment makers needing not just a certain chromium content, but minimal iron or sulfate. Achieving those specifications consistently has forced us to invest in inline monitoring and agile process corrections. We’ve also found that hydrated forms of hydroxide carry more predictable moisture, making the drying stage in ceramics and chemical syntheses much easier to control. Where anhydrous hydroxide might clump or display unpredictable moisture release, our n-hydrate material keeps operations smoother and results more repeatable.

    What Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate Brings to Your Operation

    The main job of our Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate is as a pigment precursor or as a chemical reagent. It often gives green coloration in glassmaking and ceramics, and also works as an intermediate in catalysts and organic syntheses. Our experience shows that the hydrate’s controlled release of water is crucial for both pigment development and stability in final applications. Water content too high, pigment intensity drops and pastes dry unevenly. Water content too low, and filter cakes form cracks or fail to knead properly. That’s why we designed our drying and packing systems to preserve the hydration level required by customers—balancing processability with extended shelf life.

    Glass and ceramics customers often tell us that the texture and purity of their batch dictate whether a run succeeds or ends with rework. The hydrated form avoids issues with dustiness during mixing and reduces chemical irritation for operators. Our customers in catalyst manufacturing report better washing control and easier handling during catalyst formulation as well.

    Comparisons with Other Chromium Compounds: Fewer Surprises, More Consistency

    Chromium chemistry covers a wide range, from oxides to salts. Compared to Chromium (III) Oxide or Chromium (VI) products, Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate provides milder handling and more predictable chemical release. We constantly hear about safety and environmental pressure to move away from hexavalent chromium, so our trivalent hydroxide cuts risk and brings peace of mind. At the same time, we are proactive about maintaining product purity and monitoring for traces of hexavalent chromium—a lingering concern for responsible manufacturers.

    Some customers once used basic chromium sulfate or chloride out of habit. Those products often bring extra baggage: they introduce unwanted ions into the matrix. They’re also less stable for applications where slow, controlled decomposition is needed. Our n-hydrate keeps only water as a companion molecule, so your downstream formulations don’t have to deal with unwanted sodium or sulfate residues.

    Focused on Real Requirements: Applications in the Field

    Each end use places unique stress on Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate. In glassmaking, color uniformity from batch to batch is non-negotiable. We’ve worked with glassmakers to adjust median particle size, reduce iron contamination, and help solve tint drift issues after furnace upsets. The high-purity, well-hydrated product feeds into existing mix systems, minimizing dust and sidestepping feed mechanism issues common with drier or grit-laden lots.

    In ceramics and porcelain, materials with the correct moisture content flow freely yet knead without sticking or lumping. Here, our controlled granulation and hydration process supports optimal blending in high-shear mixers, avoiding hard spots and ensuring even color distribution. Trials with tile manufacturers have shown visible improvements in hue consistency where earlier sources had left “off-shade” defects after firing.

    Catalyst manufacturers deal with high equipment investment, and downtime for batch correction is expensive. The solubility profile—how fast or slow the hydroxide breaks down under actual use conditions—influences selectivity and reaction control. By tuning our washing and aging steps, we’ve managed to supply product that matches their timelines—from slower-release for drawn-out syntheses to rapid dissolving for continuous feed reactors.

    Water treatment is another area that benefits from our approach. While not as common as other chromium forms in this application, the n-hydrate version finds place in flocculation test labs, where test reproducibility trumps cost. The absence of strong extraneous ions avoids confounding baseline measurements. Consistent particle size translates into more controlled dosing and less wasted material.

    Supplying Confidence: Why Direct Sourcing Matters

    As a manufacturer, we pull feedback directly from process engineers, plant chemists, and technical managers—no layer of resellers or generic distributors muddling the message. This direct connection allows us to troubleshoot problems in real time. Issues have shown up as unusual sedimentation, filter press blinding, or flow inconsistencies after a lot change. Each time, our technicians go back to the drawing board, review recent batch histories, and, where relevant, offer small-run trials to help fine-tune parameters. This back-and-forth approach isn’t theoretical—it keeps our relationships strong and our product performance predictable for end users.

    Long-term supply agreements with major users show us how even small variations in hydration or trace metals can push a batch off spec. We have developed in-house standards that go beyond the industry norm, using advanced spectrometry to keep cobalt, nickel, and manganese at concentrations well below thresholds that would shift product color or introduce safety concerns in precise chemical syntheses.

    What We’ve Learned Over the Years

    The story of Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate is full of real-world challenges: a slightly different wash leading to customer complaints about filter press fouling, a shift in raw ore quality causing unexpected trace metals in finished batches, even a packaging misstep leading to moisture loss and downstream blending trouble. Each issue invited us to update our process, talk directly to the users, and adjust the production window. Through this process, we’ve moved away from the risky practice of running large batches and holding inventory in hopes demand will materialize. Instead, we focus on controlled production windows, packaging for actual site conditions, and regular pulls for lab checks. This commitment helps cut waste, keeps inventory fresh, and ensures downstream processors start each run on solid ground.

    We also recognize that compliance expectations shift over time. Lead and arsenic, once ignored at low levels, are now flagged for remediation even in trace amounts. Our investment in automated sampling and modular filtration allows us to adapt quickly, avoiding production interruptions and helping customers avoid expensive downtime or product recalls.

    Specification Talk: What Really Matters on the Plant Floor

    Raw spec sheets often list loss on ignition, hydroxide content, and residual metals. But behind the numbers lies the lived experience of mixing, filtering, and dosing in real equipment with real people at the controls. Over the years, we’ve seen technical spec priorities vary sector to sector. Pigment makers demand tight particle size ranges and low calcined residue; glass firms care far more about iron and vanadium than hydrocarbon contamination; catalyst makers ask us to log every micron shift and hydration anomaly. We stay responsive to these needs through frequent on-site visits, pre-shipment samples, and by keeping our production runs closely aligned with the actual equipment used by our end users.

    Moisture in n-hydrate form may sound like a minor variable, but in practice, it determines whether automated hoppers feed smoothly or hang up. Moreover, having the right combination of hydration and granule strength avoids dust emissions, improving both plant hygiene and worker safety in the long run.

    Environmental Commitment in Practice: Not a Marketing Line

    With Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate, safety and environmental impact matter throughout its life cycle—not just at the point of use. Regulatory agencies have increased their attention to trace chromium (VI) formation. We zero in on every step from drying temperature controls to in-process testing, reducing risk before each batch ships out. Our waste streams are now closed-loop wherever possible, and we recycle process water through a proprietary system to cut freshwater use and minimize off-spec discharges. These investments aren’t branding exercises—they allow us to maintain supply even under tight compliance regimes, and they’ve prevented more than one costly surprise inspection for our clients.

    Beyond our own plant, sustainability extends to packaging and transport. We offer reusable totes and consult with users on safe handling and disposal so their waste treatment systems are never out of step with shifting local standards. These moves help downstream users demonstrate environmental due diligence without even changing suppliers.

    Continuous Improvement Drives Us Forward

    Feedback from the field—the complaints and the occasional praise—keeps us honest. We push small incremental gains: adding an extra rinse in the process, switching to lower-sulfur raw materials, dialing in temperature swings in our dryers to shave off a few tenths of a percent in residual moisture variation. These tweaks have added up to real improvements: faster color grind times in pigment mills, steadier dosing in glass batch houses, and cleaner wet cake filtration in catalyst labs.

    We know that successful chemistry relies on direct, frequent communication. If a customer spots a recurring batch-to-batch variation, we investigate the batch records, sample the suspect lots, and review process trends for the previous production cycles. Many times, a fix is as simple as adjusting pH endpoints or extending a filtration step. In other cases, a more in-depth intervention—like upgrading our analytical instrumentation or retraining processing techs—has paid off with better consistency.

    Final Thoughts from the Manufacturer’s Perspective

    Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate delivers practical, reliable results when produced with a hands-on, detail-driven approach. Our experience has shown us that tight control at every manufacturing step translates into fewer end-use headaches for our customers. It’s not enough to match a published specification: process consistency, trouble-free blending, and accurate moisture control make or break production runs in real shops and plants.

    We remain committed to meeting the evolving challenges—from new quality demands to shifting regulatory frameworks—by keeping close to our customers’ operations and investing in process innovation. The end result: a Chromium (III) Hydroxide N-Hydrate product that stands up to the real pressures and demands encountered on the factory floor, not just in the lab.