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Carbonic Acid

    • Product Name Carbonic Acid
    • Alias Carbon dioxide solution
    • Einecs 205-592-6
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    825540

    chemical_name Carbonic Acid
    chemical_formula H2CO3
    molar_mass 62.03 g/mol
    appearance Colorless solution (in water)
    density 1.668 g/cm³ (as solution)
    melting_point -80 °C (decomposes)
    boiling_point Decomposes before boiling
    solubility_in_water Highly soluble
    pKa1 6.35
    pKa2 10.33
    CAS_number 463-79-6
    IUPAC_name Carbonic acid
    formation Dissolution of CO2 in water
    uses Soft drinks acidulant

    As an accredited Carbonic Acid factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Carbonic Acid, 500 mL, supplied in an amber glass bottle with safety cap, labeled with hazard warnings, and handling instructions.
    Shipping Carbonic acid is generally shipped in solution form due to its instability as a pure compound. It is transported in well-sealed containers under controlled temperatures to prevent decomposition. Appropriate hazard labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) accompany each shipment, ensuring safe handling and compliance with chemical transport regulations.
    Storage Carbonic acid should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Use tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as glass or specific plastics, to prevent decomposition. The area should have corrosion-resistant surfaces and be equipped with spill control measures. Avoid storing with acids, bases, or reactive chemicals to minimize risk of dangerous reactions.
    Application of Carbonic Acid

    Applications of Carbonic Acid in Industrial Manufacturing

    As a direct manufacturer, we supply carbonic acid for multiple specialized industrial fields. Carbonic acid serves as a key raw material in controlled chemical reactions, pH management, and intermediate synthesis. Its utility spans several downstream production environments, each requiring defined quality standards, dosage levels, and process integration. Below, we outline its proven industrial applications with specific compliance, process, and formulation details.

    1. Beverage Carbonation and pH Adjustment

    Major beverage producers use carbonic acid in regulated carbonation systems to control acidity and achieve desired sensory profiles in soft drinks, sparkling water, and related beverages. Controlled dosing helps maintain consistent pH profiles that support shelf stability and regulatory labeling. Industrial dosing employs in-line injection systems with continuous monitoring, ensuring efficient process control under food-grade safety requirements. This application requires strict adherence to food safety and GMP protocols at every process step.

    Industry compliance standards

    • US FDA CFR Title 21 §184.1240 (Food Additives – Carbonic Acid)
    • EU Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (Food Additives List, E290)
    • Codex Alimentarius INS 290 (International Food Standards)
    • ISO 22000:2018 (Food Safety Management Systems)

    Typical usage ratio

    • dosage maintained between 1.2–3.5 g/L for carbonated water and soft drinks, adjusted based on target carbonation level and local temperature/pressure
    • pH adjustment requires on-line analysis, with range typically set to maintain beverage acidity between pH 3–4

    Downstream process integration

    • used during continuous beverage filling and carbonation just prior to bottling or canning
    • in-line sensors control injection rates into beverage lines, integrating with automatic QC/QA monitoring
    • system design supports CO₂ recovery loops for cost and emission reduction

    Final product types

    • soft drinks
    • sparkling mineral water
    • energy drinks containing acidified bases
    • tonics and mixers

    2. Water Treatment Acidification and Remineralization

    Municipal and industrial water treatment plants utilize carbonic acid for precise acidification to optimize mineral solubility, control alkalinity shifts, and maintain regulatory pH targets. Carbonic acid’s mild action limits scaling and corrosion compared to stronger acids, supporting stable distribution network operations. The process allows operators to fine-tune total dissolved solids and mineral profiles in potable water and industrial process streams. All usage aligns with stringent public health, safety, and environmental quality standards.

    Industry compliance standards

    • USEPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR Part 141)
    • EU Drinking Water Directive (EU) 2020/2184
    • ISO 5667-5:2006 (Sampling for Drinking Water)
    • AWWA B604 (Standard for Carbon Dioxide for pH Adjustment)

    Typical usage ratio

    • in potable water, typical carbonic acid dosing ranges: 0.8–2.5 mg/L CO₂ equivalent, adjusted to target outlet pH 6.5–7.5
    • industrial process water may use up to 50 mg/L based on buffering capacity and treated water specifications

    Downstream process integration

    • introduced through specialized dosing pumps after primary filtration but before disinfection (e.g., post-chlorination)
    • integrated with real-time conductivity and pH control systems for immediate process adjustment
    • applied in remineralization post-desalination to restore hardness and taste for consumer safety

    Final product types

    • drinking water supplied to municipal grids
    • food and beverage process water
    • pharmaceutical-grade purified water streams
    • industrial process water with customized mineral profiles

    3. Inorganic Salt and Bicarbonate Manufacturing

    Chemical producers use carbonic acid as a precursor for synthesizing sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, and related inorganic salts. The raw material enters as an intermediate in carefully controlled reaction environments, where purity and concentration impact the physicochemical properties, grade, and functional performance of the final salts. Continuous batch and flow reactors both use direct acidification in line with global chemical, food, and pharmaceutical good manufacturing practices, where end-use dictates qualification.

    Industry compliance standards

    • Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) Monographs for Sodium and Potassium Bicarbonate
    • USP–NF (United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary)
    • REACH (EC 1907/2006) for chemical handling in Europe
    • ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Management Systems – Manufacturing)

    Typical usage ratio

    • stoichiometric ratios determined by feed carbonate/alkali and gas/liquid flow rates; 1:1 conversion for sodium bicarbonate synthesis
    • concentration of carbonic acid in aqueous media: commonly 0.5–6% w/v depending on product purity and process efficiency targets

    Downstream process integration

    • introduced during brine or slurries treatment phase before crystallization
    • integrated in closed reactor systems with controlled temperature and pressure to maximize yield and limit byproducts
    • process includes in-line filtration and crystallization steps downstream of acidification

    Final product types

    • sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
    • potassium bicarbonate
    • ammonium carbonate
    • pharmaceutical-grade excipients and food additives

    4. Metal Surface Treatment and Passivation

    Metal finishing and galvanic industries incorporate carbonic acid for pH-controlled pickling, derusting, and surface passivation of steel and non-ferrous alloys. Compared with high-strength acids, controlled carbonic acid application enables gentle removal of oxides and contaminants, supporting uniform surfaces prior to coating, electroplating, or further fabrication. Tight batch control, operator safety, and environmental management require that process steps strictly comply with workplace and product-specific regulations.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ASTM A380/A380M-17a (Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel)
    • REACH (EC 1907/2006) for chemical substances
    • OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z (Hazardous Chemicals – USA)
    • ISO 45001:2018 (Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems)

    Typical usage ratio

    • application via immersion or spraying with acid concentration at 0.2–1.5% by weight; adjusted according to alloy type and oxide layer resistance
    • treatment time varies from 2 to 30 minutes, with close monitoring for over-etching or under-cleaning

    Downstream process integration

    • deployed in batch or continuous pickling lines for strip steel, wire, or formed parts
    • usually follows mechanical cleaning or degreasing
    • pH-neutralization and rinse cycles designed to prevent carryover into downstream coating or plating baths

    Final product types

    • galvanized and electropolished steel coils
    • automotive parts before painting and coating
    • appliance and consumer electronics chassis
    • precise-engineered metal fabrications for aerospace or energy sectors

    5. Pharmaceutical Processing and Intermediate Synthesis

    Carbonic acid functions in pharmaceutical environments as a controlled reactant or intermediate for key APIs, buffered excipients, and dissolution media. It participates in precise acid-base chemistry where product stability, assay control, and cleanliness meet pharmacopeial standards. Common integration includes synthesis of carbonate salts and formulation of isotonic solutions. Good manufacturing practice documentation and rigorous quality testing accompany every step in batch and continuous settings.

    Industry compliance standards

    • USP–NF (United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary, Monographs for Excipients and APIs)
    • ICH Q7 (Good Manufacturing Practice for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients)
    • European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) Standards
    • WHO GMP for bulk pharmaceutical raw materials

    Typical usage ratio

    • used in process water or buffered mixtures at 0.1–2.0% (w/v) depending on synthetic pathway and required purity
    • precise dosing adjusted in response to batch pH requirements and reaction molarity calculations

    Downstream process integration

    • employed during buffer preparation for granulation and tablet formulation
    • used as reactant or stabilizer in controlled low-temperature reactors
    • applied to process water for cleaning or solution preparation under validated procedures

    Final product types

    • active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as sodium carbonate intermediates
    • effervescent and oral dosage forms
    • intravenous and injection-grade solutions
    • analytical standards for laboratory use

    6. Laboratory Analytical Reagent Production

    Producers of analytical reagents employ carbonic acid for controlled calibration buffer manufacture and acid-base titration standards. Reliable acidity and negligible contaminant profiles are critical to producing reference solutions for analytical testing, water quality control, and scientific research. The controlled manufacture process ensures lot-to-lot consistency and meets international laboratory standards for analytical quality and traceability.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 17034:2016 (General Requirements for Reference Material Producers)
    • ISO Guide 35:2017 (Reference Material Characterization and Testing)
    • Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Regulations
    • ASTM D1193 (Reagent Water for Laboratory Use)

    Typical usage ratio

    • diluted for calibration buffers at carbonic acid levels of 0.01–0.20% (w/v) based on required buffer pH and analytical method
    • dosing adjusted to achieve NIST-traceable pH values in finished reference materials

    Downstream process integration

    • mixed directly into ultra-pure water during buffer formulation under cleanroom protocols
    • used in gravimetric analysis and volumetric titration kit production
    • critical in batch record-keeping and quality validation for end-user laboratories

    Final product types

    • calibration buffers for pH meters and analytical instruments
    • titration standards for water quality, research, and compliance laboratories
    • ready-to-use laboratory reagent kits
    • analytical-grade buffer solutions for regulated testing protocols
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Understanding Carbonic Acid as Produced in Our Facilities

    Production Experience Meets Chemical Integrity

    We have been producing carbonic acid for decades, blending hands-on chemical expertise with industrial responsibility. Direct synthesis happens every day right here in the plant—it forms as carbon dioxide meets fresh water in controlled, pressurized reactors. No dilution with odd additives, no imported blends from uncertain sources. We understand the exacting pressures and chill needed to get authentic, high-purity carbonic acid in solution, and it shows in every batch that rolls out of our facility. We monitor pH and concentration by the hour, not by the batch, because a shift in gas delivery or water quality changes the outcome fast. Simple chemistry at first glance, but the difference is clear to anyone who works with reactive solutions or carbonated products on a commercial scale.

    Physical Properties and Handling

    Carbonic acid never stands still for long—its slight weakness, the way it breaks down into CO₂ and water, keeps storage and handling interesting. We capture it under moderate pressure and lower temperatures, filling tanks and drums in-line to lock in stability as far as possible. Transportation follows tight protocols to keep the acid at a high standard, avoiding extra degassing or equilibrium shifts. It doesn’t have the lingering punch of stronger acids like hydrochloric or sulfuric. Even so, operators who handle our solution know not to take shortcuts: gloves, goggles, vented workspace. These are standard not because of danger, but because our product deserves the respect that goes with trace gas solubility and pH sensitivity.

    Common Usage: Food, Beverages, and Cleaning Applications

    No other ingredient gives carbonated beverages their lively sparkle or the gentle bite in mineral water. Customers from soft drink bottling lines to soda water fountains rely on our carbonic acid for flawless carbonation. It preserves taste because the starting water stays clean, free from metallic or chemical off-notes. Consistency in our process means the foam rides high, not flat, and flavor profiles don’t vary by the tank.

    Beyond drinks, we supply carbonic acid as a pH regulator for rinse cycles in breweries, wineries, and food equipment cleaning settings. The natural buffering keeps rinse water within a friendly range—strong enough to neutralize basic residues but unlikely to leave behind corrosive traces. Industrial laundries and pharmaceutical facilities also draw on this advantage, cutting salt carryover and minimizing environmental load after discharge.

    Carbonic Acid and Green Chemistry

    Every molecule that slides down the filling line represents a cleaner process compared to alternatives. Carbonic acid breaks down predictably, without forming environmental legacy compounds. Some customers turn to us as a safer route for gentle metal cleaning, replacing phosphoric or nitric rinses that raise disposal costs and regulatory scrutiny. Onsite pH correction with carbonic acid helps reduce scaling in piping systems, so plants report longer intervals between maintenance shutdowns. Each gallon produced matches our responsibility to both the end user and the water that eventually returns to the environment.

    Differences from Other Acids and Carbonates

    We do not confuse carbonic acid with sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. These salts have fixed compositions, dry stabilities, and higher pH impacts on mixing. Carbonic acid feels lighter in hand, both in acid strength and in the temporary acidity it adds. Compared to acetic acid or citric acid, the major commercial organics, carbonic acid leaves behind almost no aftertaste or organic residue in mixing tanks and pipes. Processing plants use it where strict neutrality and fast dissipation count—water bottlers, breweries, hospitals.

    In our own operations, we’ve swapped out sulfuric acid in certain pH adjustment steps; sulfuric acid delivers shocking strength and residue risk, even at lower concentrations. Working with carbonic acid means less worry about neutralization runoff or tank corrosion—issues we tracked with intense record-keeping as we searched for solutions that make sense at scale.

    Specifications That Matter on the Factory Floor

    Our typical offering runs in the 0.3–1.0% concentration range, as verified by titration with real gas measurement. This proportion keeps the acid stable enough for daily use, yet gentle enough for the short-lived carbonation cycle needed by beverage lines or cleaning processes. Every fill comes with real analysis, recorded and double-checked right by our operators. We do not ship untested blends; we see the batch meters and conduct the carbonic concentration analyses ourselves.

    Packaging matters in chemical realism. We fill stainless tanks and high-integrity drums, never basic plastic totes that cannot maintain seal and pressure. Experience taught us to keep clear logs—the tank pressure gauge readings, temperature records, fill times. These data points mean more than a paper certificate; they come from our actual plant logs, going back years for every repeat customer and lot.

    Safety, Storage, and Traceability

    Working up close with even mild acids, we run a checklist. Pressure ratings never get skipped, since a tiny leak at the valve or a faulty seal lets CO₂ out, destabilizing the product quickly. Our warehouse layout maintains shaded, temperature-controlled storage—not because regulations demand it, but because we know firsthand the changes a sunny wall or fluctuating winter chill can make to internal pressure and dissolved gas content. Trucking partners sign off on every load with in-house training, not just a generic hazmat pass. We track fill weights, CO₂ content, and transport logs, following each filled vessel directly from our hands to yours.

    Over many years, feedback from regular customers has shaped our own storage protocols. No solution sits idle; we rotate stock, test and re-check lot numbers, and verify real-time CO₂ content loss, shipping only what matches our own archive samples for that month. These are not ceremonial lab checks but hard-earned routines, built from years spent troubleshooting what can go wrong. Questions from new operators receive direct technical responses from our lead plant supervisors—no call centers, no guessing.

    Challenges in Carbonic Acid Production

    Manufacturing carbonic acid may look simple from the outside—dissolve gas, cool, fill, move on. Day in and day out, variations creep in, most driven by water chemistry and the quality of incoming CO₂. Some batches show tiny pH drift due to trace minerals, temperature shifts, or a micro-leak in a condenser line. Our internal monitoring procedures respond to these variations with ongoing adjustment. We built our own real-time recording systems attached to tanks, thanks to years handling customer feedback when slight flavor differences or foaming issues popped up downstream.

    CO₂ sourcing, in particular, shapes every gallon of carbonic acid. Over time, we have shifted away from older combustion-based gas sources to biogenic and purified atmospheric CO₂ streams. This move answers customer demands for cleaner, traceable supply chains. We test every tonne for impurities such as sulfur oxides, hydrocarbons, or ammonia residues, because even trace contamination shows up in taste panels for beverage customers, or in chromatography in pharmaceutical settings.

    Water purification draws equal attention. Our on-site filtration, softening, and de-ionization cut down on chloride, calcium, and magnesium ions, all of which would encourage scaling or alter the acid’s gas holding ability. Permitting ourselves to slip on base water quality would undo years of progress, so our technicians run as many water checks as CO₂ verifications. It’s not about ticking regulatory boxes—it’s about keeping the foam right for a bottler in summer, or the pH curve predictable for an industrial cleaner relying on our name.

    Applications Beyond the Obvious

    Some customers know carbonic acid only as the source of bubbles in soft drinks and sparkling water dispensers. On the production floor, we see wider uses—metal finishing plants find value in its gentle descaling, washing away limescale or iron film without rough treatment to base surfaces. We’ve seen dairy processors add controlled amounts during CIP (clean-in-place) stages to stabilize pH without aggressive cleaning cycles.

    In water treatment setups, carbonic acid brings CO₂ solubility for softening carbonate hardness in municipal intakes. Unlike mineral acids, which demand constant neutralization downstream, our product leaves no measurable nonvolatile acids behind. We’ve installed pilot lines at customer sites where carbonate fines pile up and watched carbonic acid dissolve the build-up without corroding steel or raising regulatory alarms.

    Pharmaceutical processors value carbonic acid’s temporary acidity. Valve rinses, tank cleaning, and soft pH corrections make their line changeovers simpler and safer for staff and sensitive formulations. The acid’s quick dissipation shortens downtime and reduces the load on neutralizing waste streams.

    Customer Collaboration and Real-World Adjustments

    Large buyers bring with them inspection teams. They want to see, in person, how tanks get filled, valves tested, samples drawn, and records archived. Every year, we walk the floor with auditors, brewing specialists, and food safety managers, showing not just paperwork, but actual operators working, adjusting CO₂ valves and drawing titration samples on the spot. Technical questions never get deflected; if an engineer or quality manager asks about specific gravity targets, we show our daily workbooks and invite them to watch titrations. If something’s not right, we bring them into troubleshooting the process, right there in the plant, so everyone walks away with concrete answers instead of theories.

    We encourage feedback loops. For a recent bottler looking to control carbonation over wide temperature swings, we ran joint trials with extra data logging, sharing results in open calls and plant tours. This approach saves both sides headaches later. If a trend emerges—say, a certain drum batch holding less CO₂ under extreme heat—we take immediate action, updating storage protocols and refining document trails. These improvements have nothing to do with official requirements and everything to do with the real headaches of large-scale beverage production.

    The Future of Carbonic Acid Manufacturing

    With global attention turning to supply chain sustainability, our own production lines see shifts in energy sourcing and emission capture. We continue investing in more efficient CO₂ recovery units and renewable power to run our chillers and compressors. Carbonic acid manufacturing forms just one slice of our operations, but it leads the drive for better traceability and safer chemistry. As carbon credit trading tightens and downstream customers push for full lifecycle reporting, we track our sources and document each production run.

    We expect plant upgrades to keep coming—better digital monitoring, AI-supported forecasting for pH and gas solubility, and closer customer integration. Some improvements take place on the paperwork side—a real-time portal shares product CO₂ content and pH by truck or tank. On the process side, we predict tighter control over water quality and automated tank venting to prevent losses during summer peaks or truck delays.

    As a chemical manufacturer rooted in direct production, we see no replacement for ongoing, in-person expertise. Simple reactions such as water plus carbon dioxide gain complexity once scaled to industrial needs, crossing sectors from beverages and cleaning to water treatment and pharmaceuticals. Our team commits to hands-on improvement, honest reporting, and real partnerships with every user, learning as much from a missed batch spec as from a successful run. Each gallon of carbonic acid represents not just a product, but decades of manufacturing insight and daily problem-solving, built for real-world expectations and future advances alike.