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Alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-Imidazole-1-Ethanol

    • Product Name Alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-Imidazole-1-Ethanol
    • Alias Clotrimazole
    • Einecs 259-687-6
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    351939

    Cas Number 24155-42-8
    Molecular Formula C11H10Cl2N2O
    Molecular Weight 257.12 g/mol
    Iupac Name 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol
    Appearance White to off-white solid
    Melting Point 110-114°C
    Solubility In Water Slightly soluble
    Storage Condition Store at 2-8°C, keep container tightly closed
    Smiles C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C(CO)N2C=CN=C2
    Synonyms Miconazole base, Diconazole
    Pka 14.2 (for imidazole moiety)
    Density 1.35 g/cm³ (approximate)
    Hazard Statements May cause skin and eye irritation
    Logp 5.1

    As an accredited Alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-Imidazole-1-Ethanol factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing The chemical comes in a 25g amber glass bottle, with a tamper-evident seal and clear hazard labeling, including chemical name.
    Shipping Alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-Imidazole-1-Ethanol should be shipped in secure, airtight containers, protected from light and moisture. It must be handled as a chemical with potential hazards, following all applicable regulations. Label appropriately, and transport in compliance with local and international shipping standards for laboratory chemicals. Avoid extreme temperatures during transit.
    Storage Alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-Imidazole-1-Ethanol should be stored in a tightly sealed container, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and acids. Protect the chemical from light and moisture, and store it at room temperature. Ensure proper labeling and follow all relevant safety guidelines and regulations for safe handling and storage.
    Application of Alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-Imidazole-1-Ethanol

    Applications of Alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-Imidazole-1-Ethanol in Industrial Manufacturing

    Alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-Imidazole-1-Ethanol is a key building block for downstream chemical synthesis in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and specialty chemical manufacturing. The following sections detail its established applications, requirements, and industrial processes.

    1. Antifungal Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Synthesis

    Pharmaceutical manufacturers use this intermediate as a primary precursor in the multi-stage synthesis of imidazole antifungal APIs. It becomes the core structural unit in specialized triazole drugs for topical and systemic use. As a regulated pharmaceutical raw material, it must meet international and market-specific standards throughout the QC process. End products rely on controlled impurity profiles and GMP compliance from the initial raw material stage, so supply batches require traceable documentation and robust analytical validation, including impurity thresholds and residual solvent limits.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Guideline for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • USP, Ph. Eur. and JP Monographs applicable to finished triazole antifungals
    • FDA 21 CFR Part 211 (Finished Pharmaceuticals)
    • EDQM/WHO guidance on API starting materials

    Typical usage ratio

    • Core intermediate: 1.0 – 1.3 mole equivalents per API batch in multi-step synthesis
    • Adjusts according to impurity carryover, with batch to batch verification on theoretical yield

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged at the initial alkylation and cyclization stage
    • Subjected to in-process analytical controls for purity and residual solvents
    • Transferred under controlled atmosphere systems to prevent hydrolysis
    • Receives QA release prior to next synthetic stage (e.g., triazole ring construction)

    Final product types

    • Clotrimazole API
    • Econazole API
    • Miconazole API
    • Ketoconazole API

    2. Veterinary Formulation Intermediates

    Veterinary drug manufacturers incorporate this intermediate in the synthesis of imidazole-based formulations for livestock and companion animals. Downstream plants require full traceability and certifiable non-human use channels, with appropriate cross-checking to veterinary medicine regulations. The product supports precise formulation of topical gels, sprays, and oral admixtures targeted for fungal and parasitic infections. Pre-shipment inspection and documentation are critical for all veterinary export markets.

    Industry compliance standards

    • VICH GL1 GL9 GL18 guidelines for APIs in veterinary pharmaceuticals
    • US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) - cGMP for Medicated Feed Manufacturing
    • European Medicines Agency (EMA) – Veterinary medicinal product guidance

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.85 – 1.15 mole equivalents per dose batch, depending on downstream animal species
    • Adjusted to maintain API content within ±5% of declared dosage strengths

    Downstream process integration

    • Supplied as a reaction intermediate to veterinary API plants
    • Integrated at the amide/imidazole ring assembly stage
    • Subject to non-human-use only labeling and audit trail documentation
    • Transferred in closed-containment to prevent cross-contamination with human APIs

    Final product types

    • Veterinary antifungal oral suspensions
    • Topical veterinary sprays
    • Medicated feed additives
    • Animal skin treatment lotions

    3. Agrochemical Fungicide Intermediate

    Agrochemical manufacturers utilize this intermediate in the construction of azole-class fungicides for agricultural applications. Production adheres to local environmental and safety directives, particularly in relation to off-gassing and chemical exposure regulations. This raw material drives high-purity formulation of field sprays and seed coatings, with reaction efficiency closely monitored by in-line chromatographic tracing. Each batch must maintain documented purity specs and be supported by REACH and local registration dossiers.

    Industry compliance standards

    • REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
    • FAO/WHO International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management
    • US EPA Pesticide Registration 40 CFR Parts 150-180
    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management for Agrochemicals

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.75 – 1.05 mole equivalents per kilogram of formulated fungicide
    • Adjusted per purity level and downstream analytical control feedback

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced during initial active ingredient synthesis in dedicated agrochemical reactors
    • Closely monitored through HPLC or GC-MS in-process analytics
    • Material balance tracked by batch production logs for regulatory audits
    • Subject to closed-gas recovery during chlorination and imidazole coupling steps

    Final product types

    • Seed treatment fungicides (azole class)
    • Crop protection sprays for cereals and vegetables
    • Pre- and post-harvest systemic fungicidal formulations
    • Grass and turf disease control liquids

    4. Specialty Coating Preservatives Manufacturing

    Manufacturers of industrial coatings and wood preservatives employ this raw material as an antimicrobial agent precursor in specialty formulations. It is particularly valued in the synthesis of imidazole-based biocide systems for paints, coatings, and timber protection, where microbicide content and environmental impact require tight process control. The regulatory environment calls for clear separation from food-contact applications, with each batch accompanied by full toxicity and migration data.

    Industry compliance standards

    • BPR (EU Biocidal Products Regulation No. 528/2012)
    • US EPA - FIFRA Biocidal Product Registration
    • ISO 22196 (Measurement of antibacterial activity on plastics and other non-porous surfaces)
    • OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals

    Typical usage ratio

    • 5 – 25 g per liter in coating or wood preservative concentrates
    • Adjusted down for high-activity end uses or low-VOC product requirements

    Downstream process integration

    • Mixed into biocide concentrate synthesis tanks before final formulation blending
    • Analyzed for residual solvent and by-product content post-synthesis
    • Batch releases verified against customer-specific microbicide targets
    • Packaged in compliance with hazardous material storage protocols

    Final product types

    • Antimicrobial paint additives
    • Wood preservative base agents
    • Industrial and marine coating biocides
    • Furniture and construction timber protectants

    5. High-Purity Reference Standards for Analytical Laboratories

    Chemical and pharmaceutical analysis laboratories make use of this material as a standard for HPLC, GC, and spectral method development, notably for the authentication and calibration of imidazole derivative assays. Demand centers on the supply of well-characterized, high-purity lots, each with complete COA including NMR, LC-MS, and elemental analysis results. Trace impurity documentation ensures valid reference status for routine quality control and new product method validation.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO/IEC 17025:2017 for Testing and Calibration Laboratories
    • Pharmacopoeial compendia reference standard certification (USP, Ph. Eur.)
    • GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) principles as per OECD
    • ICH Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures

    Typical usage ratio

    • 10–200 mg per reference solution depending on calibration curve requirements
    • Adjusted by analytical sensitivity, detection method, and solvent system

    Downstream process integration

    • Prepared as a primary or secondary standard in analytical labs
    • Diluted under purified, inert-solvent conditions to avoid contamination
    • Reference solutions dispensed directly to instrument calibration channels
    • Identity and purity cross-checked at receipt by 2D-NMR and chromatographic purity assays

    Final product types

    • Internal HPLC/GC reference standard kits
    • Quality control laboratory calibration packs
    • Spectral library compound standards
    • Pharmaceutical method validation standards

    6. Research and Development of Antifungal Textile Treatments

    R&D operations in the chemical textile sector employ this compound as a precursor in the synthesis of novel antifungal treatments for technical fabrics. It supports lab-scale route validation for durable antimicrobial finishes. Compliance routines and performance testing protocols follow industrial textile additive requirements, with batches supplied under strict R&D documentation. Real-world process feedback supports regulatory data packages for later scale-up and industrial pilot runs.

    Industry compliance standards

    • OEKO-TEX® Eco-Passport for Chemical Inputs
    • ISO 20743 (Determination of antibacterial activity on textiles)
    • REACH Annex XVII for restricted substances in textile applications
    • CEN/TS 14272 Chemical Testing for Textiles—Biocide Assessment

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.1–0.5% (w/w) in laboratory or pilot textile finishing trials
    • Level adjusted by binder system reactivity and target microbe activity

    Downstream process integration

    • Formulated into pre-polymer solutions for textile surface treatments
    • Applied by immersion or padding in development-scale equipment
    • Followed by post-treatment curing to bond active moiety to fiber surface
    • Tested for antimicrobial retention after repeated wash cycles

    Final product types

    • Antifungal hospital bedding textiles
    • Sports clothing with built-in fungal resistance
    • Medical gown fabric treatments
    • Protective barrier curtains and upholstery
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-Imidazole-1-Ethanol: From Our Plant to Your Process

    People familiar with imidazole chemistry know how changes in structure can shift a compound’s behavior. In our long years of production, we’ve worked closely with pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and specialty application partners who need more than just bulk alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol. They demand clear traceability, strict impurity profiles, and genuine support at critical stages—much more than what’s accessible on a generic catalog or from a trading desk. Production rhythms, plant conditions, and the realities of scaling up syntheses deserve constant attention when making this advanced building block. At our site, we commit to quality and open collaboration, since we stand behind every batch with full transparency.

    Meeting Industry Demands Without Compromise

    Those working in drug discovery and custom synthesis expect predictability. Labs running multi-step routes need reagents that match batch after batch, especially for late-stage pharmaceutical intermediates or complex crop-protection syntheses. Alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol bridges halogenated aromatics and nitrogen heterocycles. Its combination of dichloro substitutions and imidazole functionality marks it as a key intermediate—most often seen in the synthesis of antifungal agents and as a critical step for molecules that target eukaryotic cells. Our reactors maintain strict temperature and pressure monitoring to safeguard the alcohol’s integrity and block formation of regioisomers or byproducts. This level of control needs careful solvent handling and precise pH management, especially to curb side reactions stemming from the electron-withdrawing dichloro groups. Over years of feedback from formulators and analytical teams, we’ve fine-tuned purification steps, so color and consistency stay within agreed ranges batch after batch.

    Process Expertise: Small Differences, Big Outcomes

    It’s tempting to think that minor changes in an imidazole intermediate don’t matter, especially if purity percentages appear similar across suppliers. This approach may work for some generalized chemicals, but for alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol, even modest shifts in impurity profiles can ruin a downstream run. We learned this early, when a customer’s product failed final QC due to trace hydrolysis products—not flagged in typical inventory checks, but critical due to their effect on catalyst poisoning in a subsequent stage. Over time, we identified the bottlenecks, went through meticulous root-cause analyses, and now deploy a robust analytics suite at every key control point to make sure customers only receive batches that comply with the agreed thresholds for critical impurities.

    Specification Standards: Not Just a Paper Exercise

    Specification sheets don’t always tell the full story. Many chemicals with identical or near-identical purity claims can perform radically differently in process labs. Some manufacturers optimize for speed, pulling cuts as soon as the base analysis allows; others rely heavily on solvent washes, leaving ghost peaks on chromatograms that reappear further down the process. We track melting point, water content (using KF titration), and check each batch using HPLC and NMR, not just to hit purity metrics, but to support customers in troubleshooting or validation runs. Manufacturing in-house grants us the flexibility to react to product improvements—not just for our benefit, but also for development teams evaluating how this intermediate behaves when tweaking process conditions for a new route. Differences in solid-state properties, or batch-to-batch color, might not matter for every use-case, but in regulated sectors, these differences can change the trajectory of a project.

    Sustainability and Compliance at Every Step

    It’s no secret: chemical manufacturing can create waste streams that are tough to manage. We respond by focusing on closed-loop systems and treating effluents thoroughly before discharge. That’s not just about meeting legal duties—a leaky environmental record makes partnerships impossible with leading firms today. Our shift to greener solvents in the final isolation phase for alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol resulted from years of process improvement and dialogue with customers who needed more sustainable sourcing. We invested in in-house waste treatment, and measure inventory from solvent purchase all the way through final removal, closing off the risk of contamination or accidental releases. Documentation, available upon request, covers process compliance for regulatory filings, which more and more of our buyers see as a baseline—not an added bonus. Sourcing from us enables direct traceability down to the reactor operator and hour of batch closure.

    Usability: Designed for Synthesis Reality

    Anyone who has weighed out a sample for a key reaction knows that flowability, hygroscopicity, and tendency to cake matter as much as theoretical purity. Our technical team spends time in the lab and talks directly to chemists—sometimes rushing urgent resupply of ergonomically packed product, sometimes helping them solve a solubility snag at scale-up. We listen to bottleneck stories from formulation teams and adapt our packaging where needed to fit filling lines and dispensing schedules. While there’s a natural expectation for the product to ship as a dry, free-flowing solid, atmospheric moisture, temperature swings, and long shipping hauls can impact everything from handling to reactivity. We work with moisture-barrier sacks and purge lines with inert gas to drop the risk of degradation in transit. We have learned to avoid guesswork in lot management—each drum or sack carries comprehensive lab data, so customers know exactly what’s inside, with real-time support in case of issues during sample prep or analysis.

    Supporting Customers Beyond Raw Material Supply

    Developing a new process or scaling for commercial rollout often brings surprises. That might look like a shift in reaction conditions when changing scale, unexpected insolubles, or a new regulatory question. Our technical team stays available to support customers as they transfer methods, validate analytical routines, or dial in setpoints. We’ve learned that an open book of batch histories, equipment cleaning logs, and tiebacks to raw material sources make audits more manageable—even under pressure. We welcome customer visits, because standing shoulder-to-shoulder at the plant tells more than any certificate. Those insights feed back into our manufacturing flows, so every run refines the next.

    Key Differences from Generic Imidazole Intermediates

    Comparing alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol to more conventional imidazole or substituted benzene intermediates uncovers some important distinctions. The ortho and para chlorination on the phenyl ring shifts the electronic landscape, altering both reactivity and solubility. We see these changes show up most prominently in reactions that rely on electron density—like selective alkylations or nuanced hydrogenations where subtle shifts can create inconsistent conversions or raise the risk of side reactions. Customers using less-stringently-manufactured materials report greater variability in chromatographic performance and greater pain in crystallization or formulation steps. From our vantage point, these aren’t just anecdotal issues: impurity tracking, residual solvent control, and shelf-life studies all point to the need for disciplined plant management and a team that stays ready for unexpected surprises. Our experience tells us that with alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol, the right attention to quality and process history pays dividends not only in cost of troubleshooting, but also in accelerating product launch cycles.

    Active Ingredient Development: Tackling Analytical Hurdles Together

    Work with regulated APIs and specialty active ingredients puts heavy demands on analytics and lot segregation. Trace impurities—even ones invisible on standard testing—surface later to cause trouble, sometimes in clinical or pilot plant situations. Our collaborators have pulled us into joint troubleshooting when new synthesis problems emerge and lean on our data to trace origins. Supporting analytical method development, confirming identity with reference spectra, and exploring stabilizer options are all areas where our direct manufacturing access makes a difference. This saves time and smoothes regulatory inquiry, since all documentation ties back to in-house production lots, reference standards, and method transfer protocols. Whether a customer plans a small pilot or a larger program, this kind of traceability gives confidence that the chemical backbone won’t be a project risk.

    Building Longevity: Storage Practices and Shelf Life Learnings

    Long-term stability rarely draws as much attention as upfront quality, yet in practice, storage conditions, temperature records, and atmospheric controls often determine whether a batch performs as expected a year after manufacture. We learned through shared experience that temperature excursions can accelerate degradation at ppm levels—degradation which may evade initial testing but create crystallization or performance problems later. To address this, we store finished drums in climate-controlled warehouses and monitor shipments for integrity during transit. We encourage customers to review stock rotation practices, and offer guidance on optimal storage for alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol, based on both published studies and our own shelf stability analytics. Labeling includes real expiration dating and batch identifiers, aligning with the best practices in regulated industries seeking to align material control with tight documentation standards.

    Understanding End Users: Pharmaceutical, Crop Science, and Beyond

    Experts in pharma and crop protection have unique challenges when integrating an advanced intermediate. We find that pharmaceutical scale-ups especially value predictability and audit support, since a single off-spec batch can threaten years of patent-protected work. Agrochemical development needs more than just compliance—formulation stability, toxicity studies, and environmental impacts come under strict review during development and marketing. Over time, we adapted our supply chain and plant routines to work with customers through regulatory review and field pilot phases. That looks like joint sample testing, pilot trial documentation, and access to production data well beyond what a generic supplier would share. This knowledge exchange improves not only our offering, but the outcomes seen in our customers’ final active products.

    Transparency in Sourcing: Avoiding Repack Risks

    Many end-users have learned hard lessons from repackaged or cross-filled drums masquerading as "manufacturer" lots. Because we operate our own reactors, steer purification, and design every production run, traceability never breaks. We provide full batch lineage (down to raw materials, plant operator shifts, and instrument logs) for interested parties—critical for those who must satisfy regulators or troubleshoot unexpected performance variations in their final application. Data from our plant tie directly to each drum, and our customers rely on this foundation in their procurement choices. This traceability saves time and expense during validation, especially for regulated or high-output sectors.

    Planning for a Changing Market

    Industry changes, be they regulatory, supply driven, or technological, never mark an end point in manufacturing. That’s particularly true for compounds like alpha-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol, where quality drivers and market requirements evolve alongside customer needs. We invest in our plant, our team, and our analytics to ensure sustained delivery of reliable, traceable material. Plant investments over the past decade, vetted through repeated audits and continuous customer feedback, mean our process can flex to meet not just legacy requirements but also the next wave of specifications that new applications may demand. We believe these choices secure not just the resilience of our supply, but the long-term growth of our partners—because as direct manufacturers, our future is closely tied to the success and satisfaction of those who trust in our product for their most critical work.