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5-Hexynoic Acid

    • Product Name 5-Hexynoic Acid
    • Alias 4-Pentynoic acid
    • Einecs 210-540-4
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    989723

    Name 5-Hexynoic Acid
    Synonyms Hex-5-ynoic acid
    Chemical Formula C6H8O2
    Molecular Weight 112.13 g/mol
    Cas Number 5323-40-8
    Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid
    Boiling Point 94-96°C at 15 mmHg
    Melting Point -10°C (approximate)
    Density 1.031 g/cm3 at 25°C
    Purity Typically ≥97%
    Solubility Soluble in water and organic solvents
    Smiles C#CCCC(=O)O
    Inchi InChI=1S/C6H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8/h1H,3-5H2,(H,7,8)
    Storage Temperature 2-8°C (Refrigerated)

    As an accredited 5-Hexynoic Acid factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing 5-Hexynoic Acid is packaged in a 100-gram amber glass bottle with a screw cap, labeled with product details and safety information.
    Shipping 5-Hexynoic Acid is shipped in tightly sealed containers to prevent leakage and exposure. It should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials. Proper labeling and documentation are required to comply with transportation regulations for hazardous chemicals. Handle with standard protective equipment.
    Storage 5-Hexynoic acid should be stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and bases. Protect from direct sunlight and sources of ignition. Keep the storage area free from moisture and ensure appropriate labeling. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling.
    Application of 5-Hexynoic Acid

    Applications of 5-Hexynoic Acid in Industrial Manufacturing

    5-Hexynoic acid plays a functional role in several specialized sectors, particularly where precision chemical modification and building block integration are essential. As a manufacturer, we support a range of industries that demand reliable, high-purity supply backed by deep process understanding. The following sections illustrate authentic downstream applications, including compliance requirements, typical inclusion rates, critical process steps, and the finished products delivered by our customers.

    1. Pharmaceutical Intermediate Synthesis

    In small-molecule drug development pipelines, 5-hexynoic acid frequently enters as a key intermediate for the preparation of acetylenic compounds, which subsequently serve in the synthesis of antivirals, anticancer agents, and central nervous system drugs. Fine chemical manufacturers choose this acid for its terminal alkyne group, supporting highly selective coupling and functionalization reactions. Integration into synthetic routes often requires optimized handling protocols to guarantee required purity and yield for downstream APIs.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7A: Good Manufacturing Practice for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • 21 CFR Part 211 (US FDA current Good Manufacturing Practice)
    • European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monograph references for intermediate handling
    • Controlled impurity profile per customer-specific route requirements

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5–5 mol% relative to main synthetic precursor (adjusted based on desired conversion in coupling or cyclization steps)

    Downstream process integration

    • Direct addition during C–C coupling (e.g., Sonogashira, Glaser, or Click reactions) in multi-step synthesis
    • Alkyne introduction in terminal step prior to protective group removal and purification

    Final product types

    • Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)
    • Pharmaceutical research intermediates
    • Chemical entities for lead optimization studies

    2. Agrochemical Active Ingredient Modification

    Major agrochemical formulators employ 5-hexynoic acid as a tailored building block for synthesizing herbicide and insecticide actives containing alkyne moieties. This enhances molecular diversity, providing performance improvements in resistant pest targets. The integration of this acid into synthetic schemes often requires rigorous process documentation for both quality and regulatory traceability—including the recording of every batch used in production.

    Industry compliance standards

    • FAO/WHO Guidelines on Quality Control of Pesticides
    • OECD Test Guidelines for Chemicals (Registration Dossiers)
    • REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006) as applied to technical and formulated actives
    • ISO 9001:2015 for process traceability

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1–4 weight% of total batch material in alkyne-containing active ingredient synthesis (rate according to specific synthetic sequence and desired yield)

    Downstream process integration

    • Added during initial stepwise condensation or cyclization for active generation
    • Utilized in late-stage functionalization just prior to formulation processes (e.g., granulation, emulsification)

    Final product types

    • Herbicide actives with terminal alkyne groups
    • Insecticide intermediates for proprietary molecule development
    • Custom synthetic pesticide analogues for resistance management

    3. Polymer Cross-Linking Agent for Specialty Coatings

    Formulators of high-performance coatings and adhesives incorporate 5-hexynoic acid as a dual-function cross-linking modifier, improving adhesion, abrasion resistance, and chemical stability in demanding environments. The alkyne functionality supports post-polymerization modifications, including “click” reactions for advanced surface architectures. Oversight of raw material compatibility and trace amounts is critical to eliminate formulation instability or end-use uncertainty.

    Industry compliance standards

    • REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006) for registered monomer safety
    • ISO 9001:2015 for batch process control
    • ASTM D3359 for adhesion performance qualification
    • RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU (if used in electronics-related applications)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.1–1.5 weight% based on total polymer or oligomer content (tuned to achieve desired cross-linking density and cure profile)

    Downstream process integration

    • Blended into pre-polymer mixtures before cross-linking stage
    • Post-addition to enable surface functionalization via CuAAC (“click chemistry”) protocols

    Final product types

    • Reactive surface coatings for electronics and automotive components
    • Adhesives with enhanced thermal/chemical resistance
    • Functional polymer films with controlled surface chemistry

    4. Fine Chemical Synthesis for Analytical Reagent Production

    Suppliers of specialty reagents and diagnostic substrates use 5-hexynoic acid during multi-step synthetic procedures to introduce alkyne groups, which facilitate bioconjugation and labeling reactions in proteomics and molecular diagnostics. Stringent batch traceability and purity verification are pivotal throughout the production process, as downstream analytical performance depends on elimination of trace contaminants.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 13485:2016 for in vitro diagnostic production environments
    • ISO/IEC 17025 for laboratory chemical synthesis
    • Good Laboratory Practice (GLP, OECD Principles)
    • Lot-specific certificate of analysis for trace impurity reporting

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.2–2 mol% per step, calculated based on stoichiometry required for targeted bioconjugation-ready building blocks

    Downstream process integration

    • Activated for late-stage functionalization of dyes, peptides, and linkers via copper-catalyzed coupling
    • Used in protected format and deprotected in situ for sensitive analytical reagent manufacture

    Final product types

    • Alkyne-labeled fluorophores for cell imaging
    • Site-specifically modified peptides and proteins
    • Reagent kits for click-chemistry-based diagnostics

    5. Material Science Research and Development for Custom Molecules

    Research organizations and advanced materials companies procure 5-hexynoic acid as a foundational building block when engineering molecular structures for emerging nanomaterials or designing functionalized monomers with selective surface or electronic properties. Critical deployment occurs when introducing the alkyne functionality for post-synthetic modification or directed self-assembly processes in prototype development, where full material documentation and application-specific purity are often contractually mandated.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001:2015 for material traceability throughout new product development
    • International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature and reporting standards for new compounds
    • REACH pre-registration for research and pilot-scale applications
    • Internal R&D quality and safety protocols

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.05–3 mol%, determined by functional density required for downstream modification or assembly

    Downstream process integration

    • Building block addition during solution-phase or solid-phase synthesis for designer molecules
    • Activation under mild conditions for controlled self-assembly or surface grafting procedures

    Final product types

    • Alkyne-terminated dendrimers and nanostructures
    • Surface-grafted polymers for advanced composites
    • Functional monomers for prototype smart materials
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    5-Hexynoic Acid: Direct from the Manufacturer

    A Product Built on Experience

    Producing 5-Hexynoic Acid for over a decade, we have seen its role in research and synthesis grow far beyond basic laboratory exploration. Our teams focus on purity and consistency, knowing that even minor deviations can lead to setbacks in high-precision work. Chemists count on clean reactions, and we strive to meet those needs with each batch. In development, it’s tempting to shortcut purification, but experience shows that process rigor pays off later, especially with demanding coupling reactions and advanced organic transformations.

    Specifications and Manufacturing Approach

    Our current product model stems from a process that minimizes side reactions and residual alkyne impurities. We learned early on that active-site contamination in catalysts, especially those used for Sonogashira or Cadiot-Chodkiewicz couplings, stems from trace byproducts in 5-Hexynoic Acid. Controlling these is not just a point on a quality checklist; it’s integral to our daily practice. We utilize a closed-loop purification system that continually recycles solvents, reducing waste and improving edge-case purities for NMR and LC-MS confirmation. Typical batches are sold above 98% purity, GC-verified, and supported by spectroscopic data, not just a generic COA.

    Weight and packaging reflect years of conversations with chemists and purchasing managers. The acid's pronounced volatility required that we revisit our drum liner designs. The compatibility of the PTFE-coated interior with the acid eliminates leaching issues, which had come up in the early years when basic liners compromised storage stability. Volumes range from research quantities in amber-glass bottles to full-scale, stainless-steel container loads for industrial clients running pilot and commercial lines.

    Where This Acid Makes a Difference

    5-Hexynoic Acid finds its most appreciative users among those aiming for C–C bond construction via alkyne chemistry. Pharmaceutical synthesis, flavor and fragrance intermediates, agrochemical leads, and myriad custom-synthesized scaffolds benefit from its reactivity. Researchers designing click reaction partners like azides depend on reproducible results; poor acid quality introduces noise and undermines data confidence. Our QA feedback loop relies on dozens of customer trials every year—results guide our process improvements. We lowered trace metal content, as many Pd- and Cu-catalyzed routes showed marked yield drops above 15 ppm of certain elements. These adjustments arise not from theoretical models but hands-on production runs and direct customer impact.

    Clients who scale up often mention the risk of side-products during oxidative or reductive steps that involve the terminal alkyne. Our experience shows meticulous peroxide testing, careful equipment passivation, and precise environmental monitoring yield a smoother downstream process. Even minor moisture ingress can cause functional group drift in this molecule. For this reason, our filling operations operate in humidity-controlled spaces, a result of documented increases in carboxylate formation during high-humidity months.

    How Our Product Differs from Others

    As a manufacturer, we compete not just on price or lead time but on the reliability of our product over repeat orders. 5-Hexynoic Acid sold through traders or repackagers often matches the spec sheet at a surface level. Yet, in the lab or plant, under subtle conditions, inferior purification or old stock introduces odd odors, gradual darkening, or worse, unexplained peaks in chromatograms. We’ve handled audits where third-party acids underperformed during scale-up due to storage in unlined HDPE drums, drawing phenolic taints or softening seals.

    Our process specializes in controlling micro-impurities below 0.1%, a metric that isn’t always logged on basic certificates but is essential for precise population of alkyne-functionalized molecules. We chase down each unknown NMR signal beyond the main acid and solvent peaks, correlating outcomes with customer feedback. In an industry where many suppliers rarely handle actual drum-filling, our hands-on approach means rapid adaptation and continuous knowledge-building. Even when the downstream chemistry shifts to custom esters, amides, or bioconjugates, users come back with observations, and we feed these cases into our regular process reviews.

    Consistency in crystal morphology aids further processing. Some other sources of 5-Hexynoic Acid display oiling out or waxy persistency in the crude isolate, interfering with accurate weighing and solution preparation. Years of process optimization have led us to a stable, homogenous crystalline product that resists compaction and caking under long-term storage. This directly impacts batchwise solubility for chemists, making their preparation more predictable. We have eliminated packaging inconsistencies that insert variability into dissolution rates for grams-to-kilograms transitions. This may look like a small detail, but batch-to-batch consistency makes a real difference for project managers orchestrating time-sensitive work.

    Usage Insights from Real-World Applications

    Beyond the technical data, we see how small process improvements in making 5-Hexynoic Acid translate directly to customer outcomes. Biomedical researchers build linkers and imaging agents with this acid as a core building block. We field inquiries from teams aiming to conjugate biomolecules with terminal alkynes, seeking stringent requirements for trace metal content and minimal side-byproducts. Savings on one process step ripple through multi-step syntheses, increasing overall project efficiency and reproducibility.

    Polymer chemists working with alkyne-terminated precursors often ask about solvent residue and batch coloration. UV transparency, verified through regular spectrophotometric checks, gives these clients confidence in downstream curing and cross-linking. One polymer group informed us that prior supplies left behind hard-to-remove coloration due to minor oxidation during transit. Our process ships under an inert nitrogen blanket, a practice adopted following extensive dialogue with frequent buyers, who traced impurity bands to oxygen ingress. These are not hypothetical details—they reflect months if not years of direct collaboration with formulation chemists.

    The acid’s manageable boiling point and upfront volatility allow for easy solvent removal after coupling reactions. This means less time in vacuum ovens or on rotary evaporators, which many labs value both for throughput and operational safety. We calibrate batch shipments by season, warning users about temperature excursions that might destabilize the delicate terminal alkyne. Our transparency with transport risks has earned trust from teams dealing with time-critical arrivals, especially those scaling from bench to pilot or full production.

    Production Practices That Stand Out

    Our manufacturing setup doesn’t rely heavily on off-the-shelf generic reactors; it has evolved with the product. Dedicated glass-lined reactors ensure compatibility with carboxylic acids, avoiding the leaching and byproduct formation associated with prolonged metal exposure. In-house distillation units allow us to reach purity levels that once required expensive post-processing. The choice of reagents—sourced directly, not by spot-buying from bulk traders—means we can track impurity origins with precision. Failures or delays traced back to impure starting materials have led us to reject numerous lots, in some cases absorbing higher costs to guarantee consistency.

    Engineers track yields and impurity profiles per production cycle. Regular maintenance and cleaning protocols guarantee our lines do not drag along exotic contaminants from previous, unrelated batches. The acid’s robust detection limits by GC and LC/MS enable us to act swiftly if process drift emerges; corrective action can be implemented before the next cycle even begins. Our commitment goes beyond standard ISO compliance, aiming for a practical, chemist-driven specification that matches the on-the-ground reality of research and manufacture.

    Feedback-Driven Improvement

    The value of ongoing customer feedback cannot be overstated. Our product development does not proceed in a vacuum; it adapts to documented use cases and field reports. On several occasions, customers have investigated unusual reaction stalling, only to find non-trivial micro-impurities that trace back to aspects of production outside of their control. Upon request, we have modified washing and neutralization protocols, even appending extra filtration steps when warranted by research data, not only internal theorizing.

    Laboratories in academia and industry frequently return to us, not only for the predictable supply chain but for access to ongoing improvements they have helped inspire. As research in click-chemistry advances, especially those requiring high-fidelity alkyne incorporation into peptides or oligonucleotides, lower thresholds for contamination now define the new standard of performance. What once was an optional specification becomes commonplace, reshaping how we define quality in our regular operation. This feedback loop ensures that our processes remain tuned to the evolving landscape of synthetic organic chemistry.

    Addressing Difficulties in Sourcing and Supply

    Customers often mention frustrations over delays and quality lapses while obtaining 5-Hexynoic Acid from layered distributors. As the original manufacturer, we take ownership of every stage from raw material intake to final dispatch. We keep transparent books on production scheduling and batch status, which speeds both emergency and regular order timelines.

    Chronic issues such as delayed customs release, seasonal shortages, or unexpected transport mishaps all feed into our risk control strategies. We maintain buffer inventory at key international depots, a practice begun after a series of severe port backlogs highlighted the need for decentralized, proactive stock management. Clients benefit from continuity of supply, reducing stress and minimizing lost hours on halted synthesis lines.

    Supporting Innovation Through Direct Engagement

    Much of the innovation with 5-Hexynoic Acid emerges from unexpected quarters—contract research, green chemistry development, and bespoke small molecule synthesis. By engaging directly with users, whether in pharmaceutical R&D or specialty polymer labs, we observe needs quickly and can calibrate packaging, logistics, or QA approaches. These collaborations foster mutual investment: users receive tailored insights into handling and trouble-shooting, while we learn how to adapt manufacturing in ways that broaden real-world utility.

    Smaller-volume buyers, particularly in academia and startups, often underestimate the risk of batch-to-batch differences. Their research demands robust products, even for short-term projects. Our engagement bridges that gap, demystifying technical data and fielding procedural questions that distributors or generic catalog houses often overlook. Over the years, suggestions from such collaborators have led us to refine collection protocols, minimize waste, and adjust fill sizes, creating a more responsive supply model.

    Practical Considerations in Handling and Use

    Handling 5-Hexynoic Acid safely and efficiently requires respect for both its chemical behavior and user environment. The acid’s terminal alkyne group is energetic; storing and transporting it without proper ventilation can cause pressure buildup or slow degradation. Our packaging design features a dual-seal system, combining a PTFE liner and an outer tamper-evident band. These choices come directly from years of feedback, not from theoretical packaging plans. We train our shipping teams on the nuances of chemical logistics: pressure ratings, UV shielding, and short-term storage conditions. This diligence reduces client headaches down the line.

    Our technical support doesn’t default to canned responses but actively walks customers through preparation techniques and troubleshooting, whether it’s a purification question or the details of solvent compatibility. Direct hotline access to our chemists means shared expertise, not just reference to a generic data sheet. We pay attention to practical workflow questions—solubility in mixed solvents, buffer salt compatibility, and reaction timing—based on documented runs, not just published procedures. Over thousands of shipments, this hands-on relationship reduces error margins, supports faster validation, and enhances clients’ project velocity.

    Driving Standardization and Trust

    The evolution of 5-Hexynoic Acid use runs parallel to advances in downstream chemistry. Where once broad-grade material sufficed, today’s custom, high-purity demands shape our whole operation. We work with experts across industries to standardize analytical data formats and certificate transparency. Even technical managers unfamiliar with every aspect of alkynyl acid chemistry benefit from our effort to visualize process risks and eliminate guesswork. This openness builds trust at every project milestone.

    Our lab staff regularly attends synthesis symposia, hosts reference workshops, and collaborates with academic consortia to keep technical understanding up to date. These activities feed directly back into how we address real-world production and distribution obstacles. As a result, our 5-Hexynoic Acid stands not only as a reliable stock item but also as a supported solution, meeting research ambitions and commercial realities alike.

    Looking Toward the Future: Sustainable Manufacturing

    Sustainability compels real change at the manufacturing stage, not just at the sales desk. We’ve invested heavily in closed-system distillation and solvent re-cycling, not only for regulatory compliance but to help customers track and reduce their own environmental impact. These shifts lower solvent and reagent use for every kilogram produced, delivering a cleaner footprint and tangible cost savings. Our engineering team routinely monitors environmental data, translating regulatory requirements into production practice that does more than tick boxes.

    We are also piloting enzymatic and low-carbon alternatives for some of the classical synthetic steps involved in producing 5-Hexynoic Acid. While these are still in the experimental phase, initial results have yielded promising reductions in energy input and byproduct burden. Our goal is to offer both core acid and tailored derivatives that reflect not just end-use performance, but forward-looking environmental stewardship. This approach promises concrete improvements both for the laboratory chemist and broader supply chain.

    Conclusion: A Partner in Precision Chemistry

    5-Hexynoic Acid may seem just one building block in the vast landscape of synthetic tools. For those of us who develop, refine, and package it at scale, it represents a core commitment to quality, reliability, and collaboration. By investing in transparency, engaging directly with users, and evolving our production side by side with the community’s needs, we create more than a reagent—we provide a foundation for advanced chemistry to thrive. Each batch draws on what’s been learned before, ensuring researchers and industrial partners encounter fewer obstacles and more opportunities.