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HS Code |
181165 |
| Product Name | 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid |
| Cas Number | 79172-30-4 |
| Molecular Formula | C11H7NO4 |
| Molecular Weight | 217.18 g/mol |
| Appearance | Off-white to yellow solid |
| Melting Point | 158-162°C |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water, soluble in DMSO and methanol |
| Purity | Typically >98% |
| Storage Temperature | 2-8°C (refrigerated) |
| Pka | 3.7 (carboxylic acid group) |
| Iupac Name | 4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzoic acid |
| Smiles | O=C(O)c1ccc(cc1)N2C=CC(=O)C2=O |
As an accredited 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid, 1 gram, supplied in a sealed amber glass vial with tamper-evident cap and detailed labeling. |
| Shipping | 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid is shipped in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture exposure and maintain stability. It is packaged according to chemical safety regulations, often with cold packs if required. The product is labeled with hazard information and shipped promptly, with tracking provided, ensuring safe and compliant delivery to laboratory and industrial customers. |
| Storage | 4-Maleimidobenzoic acid should be stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sources of moisture, heat, and light. It should be kept at room temperature or as specified by the manufacturer, and isolated from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizing agents. Proper labeling and handling practices are essential to avoid contamination and degradation. |
Applications of 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid in Industrial ManufacturingAs a direct manufacturer of 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid, we supply this specialty compound to established sectors with high-performance requirements in advanced materials science, bio-conjugation technology, and electronics assembly. Below we detail real-world industrial integration scenarios, each grounded in application-driven formulation, batch production, and regulated market access. 1. Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Linker Synthesis4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid serves as a critical functional group in the synthesis of bio-conjugate linkers for next-generation antibody-drug conjugates. Its maleimide moiety allows for precise thiol-selective conjugation to cysteine residues on engineered antibodies. As an intermediate, it undergoes pre-activation and coupling steps forming stable, cleavable or non-cleavable linkers, aiding drug payload attachment in cytotoxic therapies. Manufacturers require stringent raw material traceability and reproducible reactivity for clinical ADC production, which is regulated under pharmaceutical GMP and biological raw material quality frameworks. Industry compliance standards
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2. PEGylated Specialty Polymer Crosslinking for Biomedical HydrogelsThis acid-activated maleimide is widely adopted in the modification of PEG-based and natural biopolymer hydrogels, imparting bio-orthogonal crosslinking properties. Customers in the medical device and regenerative medicine fields utilize the specificity of the maleimide-thiol reaction to fabricate injectable or in-situ forming hydrogels, supporting cell encapsulation and controlled release. Strict controls on solvent, endotoxin, and heavy metal residues enable compliance with medical polymer standards for implantables and topical dressings. Industry compliance standards
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3. Photoresist Adhesion Promoters in Microelectronics ManufacturingOur 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid enhances the adhesion properties of photoresist coatings during advanced photolithography in IC and MEMS fabrication. The carboxylic acid provides strong substrate anchoring while the maleimide functionality participates in thermal or UV-induced crosslinking with resin matrices, reducing undercut and delamination in fine-pitch circuit patterning. Its purity profile and consistent particle size minimize defect rates pivotal to manufacturers operating under semiconductor process controls. Industry compliance standards
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4. Protein Surface Modification Reagents for Diagnostic KitsDiagnostic kit assemblers use this compound to derivatize immobilized proteins or peptides on microarray and microplate surfaces. The maleimide group forms stable bonds with sulfhydryl residues on assay targets or capture molecules, improving signal retention and lowering background noise in ELISA and affinity biosensor devices. Every lot is tested to meet biochemical contaminant specifications demanded in regulated diagnostic reagent flows. Industry compliance standards
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5. Maleimide-Functionalized Dyes in Fluorescent LabellingProducers of activated fluorescent labels and probes select this molecule as a key intermediate for synthesizing maleimide-functionalized fluorophores. The resulting dyes react selectively with thiol-containing biomolecules, offering stable covalent attachment for imaging, flow cytometry, and proteomics applications. Quality control targets minimal free acid residues and high labeling efficiency for use in regulated laboratory and cell imaging environments. Industry compliance standards
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6. Reactive Co-Monomer in Specialty Polyimide Film ManufacturingFilm and fiber producers in the advanced plastics sector incorporate this aromatic maleimide acid as a co-monomer to tailor the physical, thermal, and chemical resistance properties of specialty polyimide films. The presence of both carboxylic acid and maleimide groups allows facile polycondensation with diamines, producing high-temperature-resistant films for electronic substrate and aerospace insulation. Industry demands precise molar control and low metal content for circuit-grade material lots. Industry compliance standards
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Every gram of 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid that leaves our facility carries the weight of years spent in chemical development and process improvement. The hands that synthesize and refine it aren’t just following a formula—they’re drawing on years of handling thiol-reactive intermediates and navigating the nuances of purification, stability, and consistent performance. In the world of chemical manufacturing, you can read plenty about specifications and purity levels, but real peace of mind comes from the people who have already solved yesterday’s challenges and are ready for tomorrow’s demand.
Our standard product, MB1020, presents as a fine off-white powder, meeting stringent HPLC requirements for identity and purity. Each lot reports by certificate minimums above 99%, pushing closer to the theoretical maximum for this specialty acid. We long ago abandoned unreliable older routes that introduce excess side products—opting instead for a robust synthesis that limits impurities and tailors particle size. This approach didn’t happen overnight. Over time, our plant engineers have learned all the ways in which sensitive reactions can drift, and they have built feedback loops right into our batch records.
We didn’t land on this molecule by accident. The maleimide group binds with precision—mostly to sulfhydryl (–SH) groups, and at neutral pH, reactivity sharply favors selective conjugation. Customers in bioconjugation, protein modification, and advanced polymer chemistry reach out because they want a coupling agent that hits its target, not its neighbors. Using lower-grade substitutes or loosely controlled intermediates easily undermines site specificity, wasting valuable resources.
Take antibody–drug conjugates: when a biopharma partner lines up their critical trial batches, they can’t risk unexpected side reactions or instability. They rely on consistent maleimide content, consistent carboxyl reactivity, and an absence of colored or odorous contaminants. MB1020’s crystallinity and narrow melting range weren’t included to tick boxes—those details emerged through repeated feedback from assay laboratories and applications in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments.
Our chemists remember the early days when column purification dragged out production time and introduced unnecessary polar residues. Every synthetic route carries risk: maleimide ring opening, premature hydrolysis of the acid group, and potential isoform cross-contamination. With industrial experience comes control. Now, we prevent premature exposure to moisture or elevated temperatures and finalize product under inert, monitored conditions. This tight process reduces off-specification material and batch failures, which—in large scale runs—can ravage project budgets and timelines.
This isn’t just theory. For example, scale-up of peptide–protein crosslinking processes hit fewer snags when the acid is delivered with repeatable titratable groups, confirmed by FTIR and matched against certified working standards. We support direct dialogue between our QC team and your technical staff. Our knowledge has real value only when it keeps your products moving forward.
A research scientist setting up a protein labeling reaction needs predictable reagent behavior. The lab can’t afford ambiguous results: too little crosslinking, and the conjugate never works; too much, and solubility drops off or the biomolecule loses its function. 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid provides the level of predictability demanded by academic labs, contract research organizations, and commercial bioprocessors.
In antibody engineering, the acid’s carboxyl group simplifies activation and immobilization steps. The maleimide function remains unscathed during derivatization, which helps maintain selectivity. Frequently, we field calls about other crosslinkers with uncontrolled hydrolysis issues or erratic byproducts that complicate downstream purification. Not every “maleimido” material matches the consistency of a controlled acid derivative, and we don’t cut corners by offering alternatives that lack precise documentation or history.
Some buyers come to us after finding low-grade material on procurement sites. Unverified origin introduces real risks—unknown contaminant profiles, batch-to-batch impurities, and misleading labeling. We bring our technical team directly to your concerns. If you’re working in regulated environments, we open our historical data and qualification pathways. We don’t hide behind half-explained “COAs”; we walk you through the full synthetic trace, field assay queries, and respond to every batch deviation documented during our long history of industrial supply.
No chemical manufacturer achieves quality through luck. The process takes meticulous attention to the handling properties of each compound. 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid doesn’t just move from shelf to laboratory. We’ve tuned the drying and milling schedules to favor rapid and even solution in standard solvents, minimizing clumping and dusting.
Chemists across disciplines favor this acid because it maintains maleimide reactivity without sacrificing the solubility profile of carboxylic acids. Protein chemists routinely dissolve it in DMSO or other polar aprotic environments; our product stays clear, and no visible residue crops up even after sitting at bench temperature. Prolonged moisture exposure can degrade maleimide rings, so our product ships in sealed, tamper-evident containers with desiccant packs to backstop integrity during transit.
It’s easy for catalogues to list dozens of crosslinkers; it’s harder to manufacture and stand behind material that meets the special demands of life sciences, diagnostics, and sophisticated polymer applications. Many times, we spot patterns—customers return after initial trials with other products fail audits because material drifted outside critical specifications. We help recover lost time by offering full analytical packages, including LC/MS, NMR, and customized purity profile analysis if your regulatory team needs them.
Where other crosslinkers break down, MB1020 holds up. Some maleimide derivatives lose their ring integrity during high-temperature shipping or under daylight exposure; our containers block UV and IR, and our lot retention times are built from real-world logistics tracking. Companies making antibody–drug conjugates or protein–polymer hybrids turn to us because our batches won’t undermine their validation efforts with last-minute surprises.
Scaling from bench to pilot or commercial batch creates new problems: solvent extraction, scum formation on filtration, variable recovery times. Real-world production runs highlight these issues long before a QC report does. We sat with process engineers and operators, observing how 4-Maleimidobenzoic Acid flows, slurries, or stacks up under different ambient temperatures and humidity regimes. Our product managers worked side by side with those handling multi-kilogram deliveries, tracing potential bottlenecks back to packaging design and particle profile.
Our customers don’t just need a chemical—they require reliability, scalability, and oversight. We field questions about upscaling pilot units to reactors exceeding a hundred liters. The synthesis we use minimizes risk of solvent residuals above the compliance horizon, and we update our protocols every time a new downstream purification technique comes into practice at the big players. Knowledge crosses departments; everyone involved signs off, from synthetic chemists to logistics coordinators.
There’s nothing academic about the consequences of poor quality. Failed batch runs, unexpected side reactions, incomplete conjugations—those setbacks cost weeks, sometimes months. We tell customers the exact temperature and humidity controls that keep our maleimide ring stable from synthesis through shipment. Shelf-life isn’t just a marketing point; we back it up with accelerated aging studies and retained reference lots, open for comparison and verification at any time.
Audits and inspections can arrive with little warning, especially in regulated sectors. We don’t wait for problems to surface—routine audits give us the opportunity to spot tiny pattern shifts in side-product profiles or to reevaluate analytical cutoffs. Collaboration with clients uncovers practical changes: one customer’s feedback on trace contaminants led us to overhaul filtration in the last process step. We don’t just certify; we document the logic behind each change so our partners can answer technical inquiries upstream or downstream.
For most of us, chemistry is hands-on. Clients bring new bioconjugation formats, advanced polymer designs, or diagnostic kit proposals every month. Each project brings its own list of challenges: scale-up purity requirements, biological compatibility, even compliance with evolving regional regulations. We don’t recommend generic solutions—our team reviews the project’s synthetic pathway and recommends the lot that best matches downstream goals.
Many have experienced the bottleneck of low-quality raw material translating into line stoppages. Those who switch to our MB1020 line see upticks in yield and clearer downstream analytics, both confirmed and reported by quality-control partners at every stage. Waste streams decrease thanks to fewer non-target reactions, and process documentation runs smoother through regulatory checklists.
This business teaches you to listen to chemists on the shop floor as much as regulatory affairs professionals poring over data sheets. We’ve adjusted everything from feed-inlet diameters to rack heights based on in-plant experience. Seasonal variations—ambient moisture, heat, pressure—all have knock-on effects on chemical stability, and we build buffers into the workflow.
Over time, we’ve become a reference point for quality assurance teams who need detailed impurity profiles. Long-term stability studies use randomized storage samples, so our shelf-life statements aren’t just optimistic guesses. When you run critical Receptor-Drug Conjugate trials, you want your maleimide acid supplied with annotated, batch-specific records, not vague assurances.
It’s easy to claim a product’s superiority, but in practice, gaps emerge. A crosslinker made in an unoptimized batch may contain substantial unreacted acid or colored analogs. Even high-purity alternatives can fail if crystallinity isn’t closely monitored. We provide direct post-delivery support, validating performance in cross-discipline applications ranging from mass spectrometry to scale-up immobilization platforms. If your past suppliers haven’t matched their literature claims in your own process, talk with our team. We dig into your assay methods and work backward to trace issues and implement improvements.
As chemists, we know that recurring success requires more than just a consistent product. It takes genuine conversation and the willingness to share data instead of glossing over it. New customers often arrive mid-project, struggling with problems we’ve solved dozens of times before. Our technical directors bring decades of combined experience to recommend not only the appropriate grade, but the packaging, label specification, and even product form—powder or pre-weighted aliquots—that best fits your workflow.
If your process depends on maleimide chemistry to deliver precise performance, you can lean on our history and technical support. We see our role as collaborators, not just producers. Our job isn’t over at the point of sale; it continues until the final analytical report matches expectations, and then some.
From our first experiments on maleimide syntheses to scaled-up, fully validated MB1020 manufacturing, we’ve shaped this product not by chance, but by listening to the experiences of industrial and laboratory chemists. That’s how we’ve kept our reputation for reliability and supported progress in protein conjugates, diagnostic assemblies, advanced materials, and more.
Every time a partner relies on our experience to troubleshoot a complex synthesis, we’re reminded: the measure of a specialty chemical isn’t written in a catalogue, but earned in a plant, a laboratory, and the audit records of those who expect more.