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4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile

    • Product Name 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile
    • Alias CS gas
    • Einecs 238-878-4
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    480872

    Chemicalname 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile
    Casnumber 2698-41-1
    Molecularformula C10H6N2O
    Molecularweight 170.17 g/mol
    Appearance Yellow to orange solid
    Meltingpoint 100-106 °C
    Boilingpoint Decomposes before boiling
    Solubility Slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
    Purity Typically ≥98%
    Iupacname 2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)propanedinitrile
    Smiles C1=CC(=CC=C1C=C(C#N)C#N)O
    Storageconditions Store at room temperature, tightly sealed, protect from light

    As an accredited 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing A 25g amber glass bottle, tightly sealed, labeled "4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile," with hazard and handling instructions, inside protective secondary packaging.
    Shipping 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile is shipped in tightly sealed containers under cool, dry conditions. It is classified as a hazardous material and must be clearly labeled and packaged according to chemical safety regulations. Proper ventilation, protective packaging, and documentation are required to ensure safe transit, preventing exposure or accidental release during transport.
    Storage 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile should be stored in a tightly sealed container, away from light and moisture, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep it away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers, acids, and bases. Ensure that storage is secure and properly labeled, and follow all relevant safety protocols to prevent accidental exposure or release.
    Application of 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile

    Applications of 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile in Industrial Manufacturing

    We produce high-purity 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile, a strategic intermediate serving advanced synthesis in multiple industrial fields. Our technical team supports formulation development, rigorous QC, and process integration for each application sector below.

    1. Synthesis of Tear Gas Formulations (Crowd Control Agents)

    Security product manufacturers widely use our material in the synthesis of CS gas (ortho-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) for law enforcement and defense. The raw material enters as a condensation reactant, providing the benzylidene malononitrile structure necessary for high-efficiency lachrymatory agent production. Top-tier QC protocols control contaminant levels and ensure stable storage. Downstream blending with aerosols and pyrotechnic carriers requires consistent particle size and purity to support regulated deployment devices.

    Industry compliance standards

    • UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
    • OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)
    • European Chemicals Agency REACH registration
    • ISO 9001:2015 QMS for chemical intermediates

    Typical usage ratio

    • Typically 0.8–1.2% by weight in final CS blend formulations.
    • Precise ratio depends on targeted dispersal speed, particle size distribution, and carrier type.

    Downstream process integration

    • Direct introduction during condensation with chlorinated benzaldehyde under basic conditions.
    • Subsequent blending with pyrotechnic matrices or solvent-based aerosol carriers.

    Final product types

    • CS gas canisters for crowd control
    • Hand-held chemical spray defenses
    • Aerosolized CS grenades
    • Fixed-site chemical deterrent modules

    2. Specialty Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

    The nitrile and hydroxy functionalities of this compound offer valuable precursors for synthesizing conductive dyes, organic pigments, and specialty colorants. Dye formulators employ it in coupling reactions to create extended conjugated systems for textile, polymer, and paper applications. Downstream manufacturers benefit from its high reactivity, which shortens batch cycle times and boosts color intensity in finished dispersions or inks.

    Industry compliance standards

    • OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 for textile chemicals
    • DIN EN ISO 13321:2019 (Particle size analysis of pigments)
    • EU Ecolabel requirements for colorants
    • REACH Annex XVII (Restriction on aromatic amines in dyes)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Ranging from 0.1% to 2.5% in pigment batch formulations.
    • Actual dosing determined by targeted color depth and application substrate.

    Downstream process integration

    • Condensation coupling in high-shear reactors as color base precursor.
    • Subsequent milling and dispersion phases for particle size adjustment.

    Final product types

    • Textile dyes for synthetic fibers
    • Conductive inks for printed electronics
    • Specialty organic pigments for plastics
    • Paper coatings for security documents

    3. Pharmaceutical Intermediate for Active Ingredient Synthesis

    Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturers use this compound as a reactant in heterocyclic scaffold construction, particularly for potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents. It supports multi-step synthesis, frequently introducing the malononitrile or benzylidene moiety onto target molecules. High-grade purity and full traceability assure safe transition into GMP-controlled environments. Reaction conditions require careful temperature and solvent controls, supporting robust scale-up for clinical or commercial API batches.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monographs for starting materials
    • FDA 21 CFR Part 210/211 (US GMP requirements for APIs)
    • USP General Chapter <1078> for chemical process validation

    Typical usage ratio

    • In multi-step syntheses, 0.3–1.0 molar equivalent relative to core building block.
    • Adjusted based on reaction yield, pathway selection, and batch size.

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced as a key building block during alkylation/condensation stages in API synthesis route.
    • Followed by purification and crystallization steps before formulation.

    Final product types

    • Antitumor API intermediates
    • Anti-inflammatory drug substances
    • Lead compounds for clinical trials
    • Advanced pharmaceutical intermediates

    4. Fine Chemical Synthesis for Photographic Chemicals

    Producers of photographic and imaging chemicals utilize this material in synthesizing light-sensitive compounds, including certain cyanine dyes and laser-marking agents. Its electron-withdrawing nitrile groups enhance UV absorption in target molecules, supporting high-resolution imaging formulation. Manufacturers integrate the product at early stages to impact downstream batch quality and shelf life. Controlled synthesis minimizes photo-bleaching in final commercial imaging materials.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 18902:2013 (Photographic image stability requirements)
    • ANSI/NAPM IT9.11 for imaging materials
    • REACH compliance for specialty chemical ingredients
    • Internal SOPs for analytical purity and microcontaminant testing

    Typical usage ratio

    • Typically 0.05–0.5% in reactive dye blends for photochemical formulations.
    • Adjustment based on required absorbance and application technique.

    Downstream process integration

    • Functions as an initial condensation reagent in the synthesis of imaging-active components.
    • Further processed via solvent extraction and filtration for technical grade output.

    Final product types

    • Cyanine-based photographic dyes
    • Laser-marking inks
    • High-contrast imaging agents
    • Photo-stable archival film components

    5. Electronic and Optoelectronic Material Production

    Component manufacturers employ this raw material to prepare charge transport layers, hole-injection materials, and photoconductive coatings for OLED, solar panel, and LEC device fabrication. Its nitrile-bearing aromatic structure introduces desirable energy levels, enhancing film uniformity and charge mobility. Downstream processes require tight control of residual metallic and organic impurities, with final films processed under inert atmospheres for highest reliability in devices that demand ultra-low defect rates.

    Industry compliance standards

    • IEC 61249-2-51: Halogen-free electronic materials specification
    • RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)
    • JPCA-ES-01:2016 for functional electronic coatings
    • ISO 14001:2015 Environmental Management Systems for electronic manufacturing

    Typical usage ratio

    • Included at 0.1–0.35% mass ratio in functional electronic layer solutions.
    • Final ratio is customized per device’s electrical specification and coating thickness.

    Downstream process integration

    • Dissolved in high-purity solvents before spin-coating or slot-die deposition onto substrates.
    • Oven or UV curing performed under dry nitrogen to set functional layers.

    Final product types

    • OLED display charge-transport films
    • Thin-film photovoltaic cells
    • Photoconductive LEC components
    • Smart sensor substrates

    6. Agrochemical Active Synthesis and Crop Protection Solutions

    Specialists in agrochemical production use 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile as a core reagent for synthesizing pre-emergence herbicides and crop-growth regulators. The molecular structure supports transformations yielding active moieties with selective phytotoxic properties. Precise dosing and full trace impurity analysis are essential for crop safety. Downstream formulation incorporates both liquid and granule dispersions, requiring consistency in solubility and biological performance.

    Industry compliance standards

    • FAO Specifications for Plant Protection Products
    • ISO 17025 laboratory testing for agrochemical purity
    • OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (section 2 and 3)
    • National pesticide registration regulations (e.g. US EPA FIFRA, EU Regulation EC 1107/2009)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Loaded at 0.5–1.5% in technical concentrate, adjusted for potency and application mode.
    • Formulator determines concentration based on crop type and field application method.

    Downstream process integration

    • Undergoes condensation or cyclization reactions as a key precursor to herbicidal actives.
    • Post-synthesis, processed into emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, or suspension concentrates for market.

    Final product types

    • Pre-emergence herbicide concentrates
    • Crop yield optimization blends
    • Seed treatment chemicals
    • Protective agrochemical granules
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile: A Closer Look from the Production Floor

    The story of 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile starts long before it arrives at a customer’s facility. For folks like us in chemical manufacturing, this compound has become a familiar companion on the synthesis line, especially where specialty intermediates matter. With the shorthand CS, most recognize it by its association with tear gas formulations. Yet, through years of hands-on experience, its real value lies in controlled synthesis, process reliability, and unwavering quality batch after batch. Here’s why every detail along the way determines its usability and sets our material apart.

    Model and Specifications: From Reactor to Result

    At the foundation, precise formulation creates consistency. Our production process for 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile focuses on balancing throughput with strict purity controls. The model we follow keeps residual solvents low, and we routinely reach purity levels that meet the industry’s highest benchmarks. Because we run everything in-house, each lot comes out with a characteristic pale-yellow crystalline structure and a melting point near 93°C. Over years of manufacturing, we've settled on these forms since they handle downstream use with greater predictability. Sometimes, customers encounter material from the open-market that may run off-spec due to shortcuts or cross-contamination; these rarely survive performance tests.

    What sets our process apart comes down to deliberate steps in filtration, temperature management, and cleaning protocols between batches. It’s not only about pure 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile but avoiding rogue byproducts that slip through less rigorous operations. We’ve fine-tuned this through hundreds of pilot runs, making plant-wide adjustments on the fly to lock in results our repeat buyers expect. For example, chromatography confirms every batch free of unreacted precursors like malononitrile residue, which can otherwise spoil stability in field use. That difference often becomes clear in composite testing where off-flavors or minor impurities show up only under stress. Our QC technicians don’t let those through the door.

    Applications: More Than a Single Use Story

    While best known for deployment in crowd-control agents due to its irritant properties, 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile travels further than that one use case. Laboratories rely on it for development of sensor technologies. Academic researchers chase new derivatives for photochemical studies, drawing on its reactivity as a convenient starting point. We've seen demand from high-integrity manufacturing outfits that expect a known compound in each research chain, not variants with shifting specs or uncontrolled moisture levels. The irritant role gets most of the attention in the media, but technical users value repeatability and known performance curves. Each bottle we dispatch represents not only chemical substance, but a lineage of careful batch control and traceable process conditions.

    In our experience, end users come from backgrounds as diverse as analytical chemistry, materials research, and defense supply. For those in analytical labs, the focus is on purity and decomposition profile—how the compound behaves under heat, light, and aqueous conditions. That requires knowledge right at synthesis, using analytic checks such as GC-MS and HPLC to confirm uniform content before clearance for shipment. This approach means fewer surprises downstream, especially in multistep synthetic routes. We built analytic redundancy into the production line after collaborating with customers who showed us how trace byproducts could derail an entire research phase. That kind of feedback shaped numerous upgrades on our shop floor.

    Our Manufacturing Perspective: Details That Matter in Every Batch

    At the daily level, the difference between functional 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile and unreliable alternatives shows in how the plant operates. The chemistry isn’t new, but true control happens through tightly managed conditions. Sourcing matters; we select base phenols and malononitrile only from vetted partners, never using offgrade solvents to push costs. Temperature holds, agitation profiles, and staged addition are not just paperwork—our operators track them in real time, logging each event during synthesis. The reason is simple: Skipping a few minutes on a key step can leave impurities stuck deep inside a crystalline batch, which then surface later during downstream reaction.

    Through years in the trenches, we've run experiments on how each process change affects product quality. We've seen some shortcuts manufacturers use—overly aggressive filtration to increase throughput or running mixed lots through unwashed tanks. These choices might appear invisible at first glance, yet they reveal themselves in erratic color, lower yield in end-user synthesis, or even safety hazards when handled at scale. We share these hard-learned lessons with buyers who ask what makes one source different from another. In every case where we've brought the process back under tight control, complaints and process upsets drop off dramatically.

    Standards and Verification: Building Trust from Raw to Ready

    Certainty comes from transparency. Material leaving our site goes through two rounds of inspection—production analysis and independent lab verification. Each step gets logged under our internal standards documentation, which traces every raw ingredient, operator shift, and cleaning cycle. We know from hard experience that lapses in documentation or relaxed third-party sourcing almost always show up in quality issues months down the road. For buyers under regulatory oversight, this separates dependable supply from speculative purchases.

    Our relationship with repeat customers thrives on candor. More than once, we've set up split-batch testing between our labs and end users’ own analytical teams to benchmark results. This habit started out of necessity during a stretch of supply uncertainty years ago, when competitors shipped offgrate material and left clients scrambling to troubleshoot failed runs. Since then, we continue sending samples and certificates of analysis upon request, allowing all parties to compare notes and hold sources accountable.

    QC is not a department—it’s a mindset. That shows up not only in trace analysis but also in how the finished product gets packed and sealed. Moisture control sits at the top of handling priorities. Polished glassware and temperature-controlled storage keep the final form free of dimerization or hydrolysis that otherwise plague less cautious suppliers. In our business, a single careless packing run destroys months of careful upstream work. Our investments reflect that knowledge—a continuous improvement loop guided by experience, not theory.

    How Our 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile Compares with Market Alternatives

    Many buyers assume the compound is a commodity commodity and treat supplier changes as routine. Our experience shows the opposite. Across the global supply chain, wide swings in color, purity, solubility, and trace organic content change how the compound behaves in the field. We routinely run side-by-side comparison tests against open-market samples: nearly half show higher levels of chlorinated or brominated fragments, leftovers from less controlled phenol substituent synthesis. Once these reach end user hands, poor control over reactivity or blocking performance emerges during use in formulations—something we hear about most from batch-process clients dealing with rework headaches.

    We differ by not relying on external fill stations or contract packers. Each step from synthesis to finished product happens within our own facilities, under the supervision of staff invested in the outcome. Over the last decade, this has resulted in a drop in complaint rates and a rise in loyal business where traceability counts. Customers who tried switching to distributors to save a fraction of cost often return after quality or delivery issues forced process revisions or missed deadlines. Through direct manufacturing, we retain the ability to troubleshoot, customize, and optimize on the fly—capabilities that distributor-only channels simply cannot rival.

    Packaging tells a story beyond basic shelf life. We moved away from lower-cost containers after discovering how certain plastics encourage static buildup or microleaching, subtly shifting the chemical’s storage profile. Stainless steel lined drums, vacuum sealing, and humidity indicators are standard now, based on real lessons from field returns and user feedback. No customer should have to chase granular defects back to a poorly chosen cap liner or a faded batch mark.

    Practical Solutions to Industry Challenges

    Increasing supply chain pressures and regulatory scrutiny challenge every manufacturer handling sensitive compounds. Instead of sidestepping compliance or laboratory testing to cut corners, we've built redundancy into both process monitoring and supply source validation. Batch failures cost more than any short-term savings. Our record shows the value in saying no to expediency; the number of failed downstream syntheses or safety audits drops steeply when up-front discipline prevails.

    We respond to unforeseen production challenges by investing in staff development and diagnostic tools. Years ago, a production upset traced to a subtle variation in catalyst lot purity, which legacy documentation failed to capture. Since then, new auditing software ties each consumable, drum, and reactor to a digital ledger accessible to every line leader. This practice teaches newer operators the importance of complete transparency and minimizes risk during handovers across shifts or time zones. Ever since, we've encountered fewer surprises during shutdowns or market shocks.

    For partners facing regulatory transition or introducing this compound into new applications, real-world support from the manufacturing perspective makes a difference. Raw datasheets rarely highlight nuances such as shelf stability post-opening, compatibility with field solvents, or unexpected loss in reactivity from marginal storage practice. Having seen the process in all its practical forms—successful and otherwise—we pass on that knowledge through routine training, on-site audits, and tailored support.

    Setting Expectations and Looking Forward

    Our approach with 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile marks a commitment to clarity and reliability. Through relentless process review, feedback from boots-on-the-ground users, and learning from mistakes, our output demonstrates standards rarely matched by repackers or bulk traders. The feedback loops in place mean lessons learned from one batch carry through every subsequent lot, minimizing risk across each link in the supply chain.

    We encourage open dialogue with every partner, whether they run small-scale R&D or complex production lines. Technical questions about unusual byproducts, compatibility with rare catalyst systems, or problems with historic suppliers all come across our desks. Our response comes not from a hypothetical best practice, but direct involvement in hundreds of syntheses where clarity determined success. If an issue appears repeatedly—for example, some users recently noticed erratic reactivity related to improper container closure—we investigate, communicate findings, and refine our protocol to remove that risk.

    Supply disruptions and sourcing scandals continue to make headlines, leading buyers toward safer, fully accountable manufacturing. We take that responsibility seriously, not only for brand protection but out of respect for our industry and its impact on safety and innovation. Each sale represents a pledge for continual process improvement, driven by a genuine understanding of how overlooked details affect real-world outcomes.

    Real-World Stories from Manufacturing Life

    Over the years, moments on the shop floor shaped our perspective on this material. One memorable case involved a client aiming to scale up CS agent production for critical inventory buildup. The challenge: Their previous supplier provided a grade rich in trace metallic ions, leading to runaway reaction rates downstream. Technical service support couldn’t find the problem reading a spec sheet. Open discussions and shared ingredient history from our end quickly revealed the root cause, allowing both companies to pivot toward a better process—and sparing end users a costly halt.

    In another example, academic collaborators contacted us about published confusion between isomer mixtures in literature samples. Few manufacturers guarantee identity to this degree; through joint analysis and custom test runs, we clarified analytical parameters for their entire research program. Our willingness to devote bench time and experienced chemists solidified bonds seldom formed in the transactional exchanges with distributors.

    Care in Handling and Support on Demand

    Over time, we’ve learned that users ranging from research institutions to large-scale formulation plants often differ most by their questions post-delivery. For those unaccustomed to sensitive solids or new to this compound class, mistakes in storage or moisture exposure degrade the product as soon as original packaging is breached. Technical staff direct customers through detailed handling routines—sometimes even visiting sites or holding video walkthroughs for unfamiliar teams. By approaching each order as a partnership, our communication bridges the gap between production intent and user success, feedback seldom found in bulk transactions.

    On shipping days, temperature excursions or unexpected delays may threaten batch integrity, especially headed toward jurisdictions with limited chemical infrastructure. Our shipping team monitors every shipment for transit spikes, rerouting and holding at origin when environmental risks appear. Real-world issues like locked customs warehouses or prolonged exposure have prompted us to design better shipping and contingency plans, putting control back in buyers’ hands.

    The Lasting Impact of Direct Production Experience

    Truth in chemical manufacturing emerges from years, not months. Market infatuations with novelty rarely last in the face of actual testing, regulatory challenge, and operational setbacks. Through every cycle, our manufacturing approach remains rooted in learning from real conditions—feedback from failed syntheses, lessons from stretched production lines, and confessions from others who cut corners without admitting it. Consistency, thoroughness, and open dialogue measure our success, extending into each shipment of 4-Hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile that leaves our gates.

    For those who measure their results in real-world applications, direct contact with seasoned manufacturing pays dividends no trader or casual reseller can replicate. Every kilogram sold represents not just capacity, but an ongoing partnership where transparency, practical support, and authenticated process matter most. In an era of uncertainty, trusting the experience held in every drum becomes the safest bet for users who expect flawless performance—from the smallest academic bench to the most demanding production run.