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HS Code |
968025 |
| Product Name | 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole |
| Cas Number | 2592-95-2 |
| Molecular Formula | C6H5N3O |
| Molecular Weight | 135.13 |
| Appearance | White to off-white powder |
| Melting Point | 155-158°C |
| Solubility In Water | Slightly soluble |
| Purity | Typically ≥98% |
| Storage Temperature | 2-8°C (cool, dry place) |
| Synonyms | HOBt; 1H-Benzotriazol-4-ol |
| Pubchem Cid | 74515 |
| Stability | Sensitive to light and moisture |
| Hazard Statements | May cause skin and eye irritation |
As an accredited 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole, 100g: Supplied in a sealed amber glass bottle with a tamper-evident cap, labeled with safety and handling information. |
| Shipping | 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole is typically shipped in tightly sealed, chemical-resistant containers to prevent moisture and light exposure. It should be packed in accordance with local regulations for non-hazardous laboratory chemicals. During transport, maintain in a cool, dry place, and handle with care to avoid spills or contamination. Safety data sheets accompany all shipments. |
| Storage | 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole should be stored in a tightly closed container, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Protect it from light, moisture, and incompatible substances such as strong acids or bases. Keep away from heat, sources of ignition, and oxidizing agents. Proper chemical labeling and safe storage protocols should be observed to prevent contamination and ensure safety. |
Applications of 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole in Industrial Manufacturing4-Hydroxybenzotriazole serves as a crucial functional additive and process component in several advanced industrial manufacturing sectors. Our experience as a direct producer supports application development in segments demanding high purity, consistency, and compliance with evolving technical and regulatory expectations. Below we detail its major industrial applications, key use parameters, and integration points across leading sectors. 1. Copper Electroplating for Printed Circuit Board ManufacturingIn advanced PCB production, 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole acts as a specialized copper corrosion inhibitor and brightener in acid copper baths. Fabricators utilize it to enhance plating uniformity during high-density interconnect (HDI) processes and microvia metallization, where minimal defects are critical. The additive participates directly in controlling copper deposition rates, grain size, and brightness, resulting in circuitry capable of meeting international telecommunications and electronics reliability requirements. Industry compliance standards
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2. Silver Tarnish Inhibitors for Jewelry and Silverware ManufacturingIn silver finishing lines, manufacturers use 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole as an anti-tarnish agent. It forms surface chelates that substantially reduce sulfidation and oxidation, essential for items exposed to air and human contact. Integration into rinse baths and final surface treatments ensures lasting brightness and marketable shelf life, critical for premium flatware, instrument, and decorative silver output. Industry compliance standards
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3. Industrial Water Treatment for Power Plants and UtilitiesUtility operators employ 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole in closed-loop and recirculating water systems to protect copper alloy condensers and heat exchangers. Its performance as a corrosion inhibitor is essential to minimize copper dissolution from pipes and fittings under variable pH and thermal loading, prolonging equipment lifespans and reducing unplanned maintenance shutdowns. Compatibility with multi-component inhibitor systems makes it suitable for use in large municipal and private facilities. Industry compliance standards
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4. Photoresist Stabilization in Semiconductor FabricationIn the microelectronics sector, chemical engineers incorporate 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole into advanced lithographic photoresist formulations. As a stabilizer, it helps preserve resist integrity under exposure to plasma, etchants, and process chemicals. Controlled additions support line-edge roughness minimization and yield improvement for wafers processed at 28nm technology nodes and below. Close coordination with frontend production assures compatibility with high-throughput coating and developing systems. Industry compliance standards
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5. Photographic Emulsion AdditivesLeading manufacturers of professional photographic films and X-ray imaging materials use 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole as an anti-fogging and stabilizing admixture. Incorporated into silver halide emulsions, it provides thermal and storage stabilization, guards latent image retention, and reduces unwanted fog during long storage or processing cycles. This addition is critical for specialty films requiring consistent grayscale and high signal-to-noise ratio in industrial and medical imaging contexts. Industry compliance standards
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6. Antioxidant for Fuel Additive BlendsRefineries and specialty fuel formulators use 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole as a non-metallic antioxidant and stabilizer in select gasoline, marine distillates, and aviation fuel blends. Its addition slows peroxide formation, color degradation, and gum formation during long-term storage or bulk transport, meeting the needs of critical applications with extended shelf or tank life. Dosing aligns with international fuel standards and onboard compatibility requirements for marine or aviation authorities. Industry compliance standards
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Competitive 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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After years in benchwork labs and scale-up plants, it’s easy to overlook the impact of small molecular changes on outcome. We’ve focused our work on producing 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole with a direct, hands-on approach that keeps tight control over every stage – from sourcing raw benzotriazole through hydroxylation reaction, right to purification and drying. Our product isn’t pulled off a generic supplier shelf; we take ownership of every kilogram that leaves our site.
4-Hydroxybenzotriazole, molecular formula C6H5N3O, doesn’t get much public attention, but it solves technical hurdles across polymer chemistry, synthetic intermediates, and advanced materials. In peptide coupling, it acts as an auxiliary nucleophile, quenching side reactions that often complicate high-yield, high-purity work. Chemists working with carbodiimide reagents encounter fewer by-products and enjoy sharper conversion rates. These gains have roots in good starting material. Low-level contamination – a few ppm of metals, an extra percent of water, misjudged trace organics – can show up as cloudy spots in analytics or require extra purification down the road. We don’t want that, because we’ve felt the pain ourselves.
Many users point to two practical dislikes: variable solubility and unpredictable particle size from lot to lot. Our facilities run continuous monitoring in drying, aiming for a fine, free-flowing crystalline powder, and run Karl Fischer moisture checks on batch material. The result remains consistent over time, which matters if you’re tracking yields across dozens of iterative syntheses, or scaling up from 100-gram pilot runs to 20-kilo batches for commercial launches. We have the resources to test and adjust solvent protocols, so our batches maintain solubility in DMF, DCM, and acetonitrile without needing excessive presonication or regrinding.
We’ve seen some manufacturers push high-throughput by skipping final purification, leading to persistent color or odor. A faint yellow cast might seem harmless at first, but during solid-phase peptide synthesis, this can point to oxidized or overreacted impurity buildup. Our process utilizes chromatographic checks and, if needed, final washes to reduce these off-targets. You can expect our 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole to run clean, without ghost peaks or colored streaks in TLC or HPLC analysis.
Procurement choices don’t start on the spreadsheet. They’re made at the bench, after lost time rerunning columns, or after seeing a once-perfect synthesis bog down because a new lot powerfully affects the reaction profile. Our technical staff have direct feedback channels to end-users; at least two of us started with peptide application, so we understand the headaches that come with low-grade activating agents. We’re not in the business of shifting product without knowing how it performs.
One core advantage comes from batch traceability. Each production run receives a unique ID that tracks raw material lot, purification steps, and packaging date. This isn’t just record-keeping – it allows one team member to dig out the cause of a process anomaly, should anything change in product behavior. The production floor stands ready to replicate conditions or introduce improvements if our customers hint at a possible upgrade. That flexibility is a big reason researchers keep coming back to us, even as market prices swing. Consistent performance saves on hidden costs – repeat syntheses, waste disposal, extended analytic work just to troubleshoot what’s gone wrong.
Specifications keep us accountable. We set minimum purity at 99% by HPLC, opt for moisture below 0.3%, and keep inorganic residues (as sulfated ash) at less than 0.05%. Our labs maintain modern UPLC and GC-MS to detect low-level organic and elemental impurities. All this means our users rarely see unexplained background noise or reagent breakdown, which keeps scale-up processes robust.
Laboratory teams working in, say, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) development demand error-free production runs – a glitchy raw material won’t cut it. Peptide chemists often share their concerns about coupling side products, wasted resin, or stalled reactions. While 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole may seem like a “background” player to outsiders, anyone who has tried to replace it mid-program knows the hassle. Substitutes such as HOAt or Oxyma can be costlier or present additional sensitivity to hydrolysis, which means you may need stricter conditions or alternative purification strategies. We keep to straight technical preparation, letting the molecule do its work, rather than introducing unnecessary additives or blending with bulking agents.
We remember real-life feedback. One client flagged an issue where a different supplier’s material wouldn’t dissolve at standard concentrations, despite matching stated purity. We traced the issue to subtle differences in crystal habit. Our plant adapted their drying ramp, which dramatically improved the speed and completeness of solution preparation for that entire facility. It’s these specifics – humidity curves, filter mesh selection, final cooling rates – that separate bulk intermediates from genuine, research-grade product.
Our engagement with users runs deeper than just a checklist. We survey their application needs – preferred solvents, reaction times, and packing weights – and feed this back into our process controls. That two-way dialogue means our decisions on batch size and logistics often stem from practical realities rather than “market expectations.” We realize that not every client runs the same synthetic route or scales their manufacturing the same way, so we maintain a prepared stock and a short lead-time custom lot capability.
Some users approach us looking for alternatives; HOAt and Oxyma are often mentioned, particularly for larger peptides or more difficult couplings. While these analogs have their place, they usually cost more, require extra hazard handling, or face regulatory hurdles. 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole remains the go-to for many lines due to its well-characterized safety and established handling routines. Our material supports both tried-and-true DIC/EDC couplings and exploratory synthesis methods, lending predictability in reactivity profiles and minimizing capricious changes.
Many surplus suppliers and market entrants try to cut corners by sourcing intermediate-grade triazoles with inconsistent hydroxylation. The results show up as out-of-spec melting points, sporadic solvent clarity, or even lingering odorous contaminants. By managing our raw input, we achieve a stable melting point between 153 and 156°C, reflecting full conversion and low polymorphic content. Each lot undergoes analytic checks, including NMR and IR, looking for off-pattern peaks that signal incomplete reactions.
Sometimes, clients find cheaper material online, particularly from batches meant for non-chemical uses, like dye or pigment production. These sources can introduce dyes, metal ions, or unknown processing aids. We avoid contamination by limiting our supply chain to in-house or tightly allied chemical producers, and we include full batch analytics with every shipment.
Some low-cost lots come “as is,” with moisture or mixed particle size. That can play havoc in automated systems, where clumping or poor flow slows down feeding or produces unpredictable dosing. We precondition our product to suit automated dispensing, reducing static and agglomeration – this reliability proves its worth when users move from beaker testing to kilo-scale reactors.
End-of-line inspection is not just about ticking boxes. Our staff routinely splits and examines every lot, testing dissolution rates and blending outcomes to ensure field-ready performance. Several competitors hand off material to brokers rather than facing the realities of scale-up; we choose otherwise because our future sales rest on the trust we’ve built batch after batch.
Material stability also gets direct attention in our facility. Our 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole stands up to long-term warehouse storage, resisting hydrolysis and avoiding loss of potency under standard conditions. We pack in moisture-barrier bags and confirm shelf-life with periodic re-analysis. This beats the dreaded “off-gassing” or cake formation that can plague lesser-prepared material.
If a batch misses a spec – moisture, color, or impurity – we don’t ship it. We either reprocess or, in rare cases, scrap it entirely. That willingness to absorb loss distinguishes us from brokers who send substandard lots downstream. Users can expect only product that has passed our own trials.
We take workplace safety and environmental health seriously, following local regulations and reinforcing best handling practices in the plant. 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole carries hazards you’d see with most triazoles – respiratory and skin irritancy at high concentrations, possible internal toxicity if ingested. Our team receives regular training in spill handling and personal protective equipment, and we design our processes to minimize employee exposure. Each shipment includes full documentation on hazard mitigation and spill response, along with instructions based on real plant circumstances, not just theoretical data.
By housing all stages under one roof, we avoid unwanted surprises during packaging, which sometimes arise when bulk intermediates are transferred between facilities. This single-chain approach keeps us nimble, letting us adapt, adjust, and regularly test new methods. Our field staff visit customer locations when needed to help address application-specific issues and to gather fresh insight.
Our production team works closely with our environmental compliance department, managing aqueous waste so it stays within treatable limits. We subscribe to continuous improvement audits, feeding information back from our process analytics so lessons make their way straight into future batches. We worry about these issues not because of regulation alone, but because many of us have spent years working with poorly prepped chemicals – and know firsthand the frustration that brings to research and production.
We recognize chemists look beyond catalog blurbs, asking pointed questions – has the material run through an actual synthetic workflow? Does each batch carry the expected reactivity, or are there hidden pitfalls? Our laboratory personnel use the same lots sent to production clients for internal research, so feedback is firsthand and immediate. For those scaling their research, we maintain the flexibility to ship units ranging from hundreds of grams to multi-kilo lots, with clear continuity across scales.
In peptide manufacturing, side-product management can make or break a new compound launch. We’ve built a reputation for material that enables tight coupling control and reproducible profiles. Analytical colleagues working in polymers or specialty coatings cite our product’s solubility, demonstrating fewer clogs in microreactors and fewer issues with layer formation in thin films. This kind of reliability reflects the attention we give each kilo, not just the analytical report attached at shipping.
Pharmaceutical manufacturers increasingly demand chain-of-custody information and site-of-origin proof. We comply with full origin tracking, down to individual raw material shipments, and maintain open access to analytic workflows for clients with sector audits or custom requirements. This assurance means less downtime reconciling records and more confidence for teams working under regulatory pressure.
Industry challenges don’t remain static. Rising standards for purity, environmental stewardship, and operator safety continue to shape production expectations. We keep pace by adopting new analytical techniques, regularly updating plant SOPs, and by soliciting feedback from leading researchers. Should new regulatory or end-use norms emerge, we’re positioned to respond proactively instead of scrambling reactively.
For specific needs outside mainstream requirements, our team adjusts process variables: whether for more demanding moisture tolerances, alternative particle preparation, or bespoke packing. Transparent dialogue with our clients allows us to navigate unique challenges together. We never maintain a “take it or leave it” stance – rather, we run pilot batches and validate before large-scale rollout, sharing learnings as we go.
Clients with application-specific questions – like those facing new synthetic bottlenecks or post-reaction cleanup complications – receive direct technical input from our chemists. We’ve found partnerships grow strongest in these moments, when hands-on expertise bridges gaps not just in product quality, but in process design. Real conversations lead to more robust syntheses, fewer delays, and ultimately, research that moves forward without unnecessary constraint.
New entrants in the reagent space sometimes try copycat products, trading on price without the track record to support quality claims. We differentiate by demonstrating exacting consistency, strong technical relationships, and by standing behind every lot we deliver. Should a lab or manufacturing facility run into an issue, we treat it as a mutual challenge and aim for a resolution based on facts and experience, not evasion.
Chemical work faces constant shifts in regulation, demand, and scientific development. We see 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole occupying a central role for many years, from pharmaceutical peptides to next-generation polymers and electronics. Our commitment hasn’t wavered: keep pushing for better purity, user-friendly handling, and reliable, documented production.
Every batch of 4-Hydroxybenzotriazole reflects hundreds of hours of method work, feedback loops, and plant floor vigilance. Our confidence comes from the knowledge that our customers rely on us not as a last resort, but as a partner in solving unique chemical challenges. We continue to invest in both people and plant, growing our capabilities and keeping our sights set on the needs of scientists and production teams alike.
If your process asks for a coupling auxiliary that brings pure, consistent, and thoughtfully prepared material to the workbench, we’re ready to meet the challenge. As chemists who’ve grown up in the industry, we understand our work carries through into yours, every step of the way.