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4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine

    • Product Name 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine
    • Alias 2,5-Dihydroxypyrimidine
    • Einecs 206-235-4
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    600087

    Chemical Name 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine
    Molecular Formula C4H4N2O2
    Molecular Weight 112.09 g/mol
    Cas Number 56-04-2
    Appearance White to off-white crystalline powder
    Melting Point 320-324 °C (decomposes)
    Solubility In Water Slightly soluble
    Pka 8.1 (for the first hydroxyl group)
    Smiles C1=C(N=CN=C1O)O
    Inchi InChI=1S/C4H4N2O2/c7-3-1-5-2-6-4(3)8/h1-2,7-8H

    As an accredited 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing The 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine comes in a 25g amber glass bottle with a secure screw cap and hazard labeling.
    Shipping 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine is shipped in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture and contamination. It should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances. Shipping follows all relevant chemical transport regulations, including labeling and documentation for safe handling. Handle with appropriate personal protective equipment upon receipt.
    Storage 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine should be stored in a tightly sealed container, kept in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents. Protect it from moisture and direct sunlight. Ensure the storage area is clearly labeled and access is restricted to trained personnel. Always follow standard chemical storage protocols and local regulations.
    Application of 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine

    Applications of 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine in Industrial Manufacturing

    4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine serves as a key intermediate for multiple downstream industries. Its chemical structure supports targeted synthesis in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and advanced polymer sectors. Below, we detail major industrial applications from the perspective of a direct producer, outlining industry compliance, process use, input ratios, and end products for each sector.

    1. Pharmaceutical Intermediate for Antiviral Nucleoside Synthesis

    4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine plays an essential role as a core pyrimidine precursor in the synthesis of antiviral nucleoside analogs. Its molecular framework supports coupling and further derivatization in the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as Lamivudine and Emtricitabine. Direct manufacturers integrate this material early in the multistep synthesis, controlling purity and trace impurities suitable for API purification. In GMP-controlled environments, downstream partners need extremely high batch consistency and compliance traceability for regulatory filings and DMF submissions, with processing often occurring under controlled temperature and pH conditions to secure correct stereochemistry in the final nucleoside analog structures.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 (Good Manufacturing Practice for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients)
    • U.S. USP-NF Monographs (reference standards for APIs)
    • European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) synthesis process standards
    • FDA 21 CFR Part 210/211 for quality systems

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1.0–1.3 molar equivalents relative to sugar moiety reactant in nucleoside synthesis. Actual ratio depends on process yield and side-product minimization strategies.

    Downstream process integration

    • Used as an early-stage nucleophilic substrate in the coupling with protected sugar intermediates during API synthesis under controlled enzymatic or chemical conditions.

    Final product types

    • Lamivudine (HIV and HBV treatment API)
    • Emtricitabine (antiretroviral therapy API)
    • Other pyrimidine-based nucleoside drugs

    2. Crop Protection Active Ingredient Synthesis

    Pesticide manufacturers utilize 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine as a key intermediate when constructing pyrimidine ring systems found in several modern herbicides, fungicides, and insecticidal compounds. The compound participates in nucleophilic substitution and cyclization steps, often under basic conditions, enabling downstream synthesis of selective agrochemical molecules. Feedstock origin, trace metal analysis, and batch reproducibility remain critical to meet environmental safety and residue standards set by regulatory agencies. Precise addition ratios and micro-scale impurity management are required to avoid toxic byproduct formation in the formulated end-use products distributed to the agricultural sector.

    Industry compliance standards

    • FAO/WHO Specification for Agricultural Pesticides Manufacturing
    • ISO 9001:2015 for quality management systems in agrochemical production
    • REACH (EC 1907/2006) substance registration and hazard communication
    • OECD Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) for development batches

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.8–1.2 molar equivalents, typically based on stoichiometric balance with halo-alkylating agents for cyclization; process chemists adjust to optimize yield and minimize purification losses.

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced in the heterocyclization step to produce active crop protection ingredient backbones before formulation and granulation of final pesticide products.

    Final product types

    • Pyrimidine-based herbicide AIs (e.g., derivatives used in broadleaf weed control)
    • Fungicidal intermediates for foliar protection
    • Chemical building blocks for seed coating actives

    3. Biochemical Research Reagent Production

    Researchers and biochemical manufacturers employ 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine as a specialized reagent in nucleic acid chemistry and molecular diagnostics. Its well-defined structure allows site-directed derivatization for the synthesis of labeled nucleotide analogs, used for DNA/RNA hybridization studies and PCR modification. The purity profile and absence of enzymatic inhibitors are closely monitored, with controls adapted to laboratory and industrial-scale input requirements. Typical processes demand consistent solubility and reactivity parameters, supported by full Certificate of Analysis and spectrochemical verification tailored to the needs of biotech and academic institutions.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 13485 for in vitro diagnostic reagent manufacturing
    • OECD GLP for research chemicals
    • RoHS guidelines for laboratory chemicals as relevant
    • Internal QC protocols meeting customer audit requirements

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.1–0.5 mmol per reaction for laboratory research; up to 0.7–1.0 eq in diagnostic formulation synthesis, depending on labeling efficiency and yield target.

    Downstream process integration

    • Used as starting scaffold for further derivatization, labeling, or phosphorylation during construction of nucleic acid probes and standard curves for molecular assays.

    Final product types

    • Fluorescent or radio-labeled oligonucleotide standards
    • Modified nucleotides for PCR or LAMP assays
    • Research reagents for gene expression studies

    4. Custom Polymer and Resin Synthesis

    Specialty polymer producers leverage 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine as a bifunctional monomer in the preparation of advanced urethane and polyamide systems. Its dual hydroxyl groups facilitate controlled crosslinking, improving thermal stability and mechanical performance in engineered resins. Industrial polymerization facilities need to monitor chain extension quality and molecular weight distribution in real time, with the input amount calibrated carefully to prevent excess branching or incomplete reaction. The product integrates at the resin pre-polymerization phase, and end-users often require detailed traceability documentation and residual monomer analysis for applications in coatings and specialty adhesives.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001:2015 for quality control in polymer manufacturing
    • ASTM D3574 for foam and polymeric material testing
    • REACH compliance for listing and safe handling
    • Customer-specific raw material audit protocols

    Typical usage ratio

    • 2–5% by weight of total monomer input in high-performance resins; chemists fine-tune concentration for target crosslink density and final mechanical properties.

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced during initial monomer blending before chain initiation in bulk or solution polymerization systems for thermoset or thermoplastic resins.

    Final product types

    • Heat-resistant urethane adhesives
    • Crosslinked resins for electronic encapsulation
    • Polyamide compounds used in precision molding applications

    5. Dye and Pigment Intermediate Manufacturing

    Dye manufacturers employ 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine as a scaffold for the synthesis of specialty pyrimidine-based pigments used in textile, ink, and plastic coloration. The raw material’s substitution allows introduction of chromophore-bearing side chains, imparting specific lightfastness or hue characteristics. Production lines for pigments demand rigorous trace metal and sulfur impurity limitations to comply with European and US market standards for colored textile components. Final pigment product performance depends on precise stoichiometric input of the base pyrimidine intermediate, and in-plant controls validate batch-to-batch reproducibility during scale-up.

    Industry compliance standards

    • EN 71-3 (Safety of Toys, migration of certain elements) for colorants in toys
    • OEKO-TEX Standard 100 for textile applications
    • ISO 18451-1 for pigment and dye raw material characterization
    • REACH Annex XVII restricted substance lists

    Typical usage ratio

    • 5–15% by mole of base chromophore in dye synthesis; input ratio varies according to targeted color depth and application substrate.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added at the condensation or acylation stage in dye precursor production, followed by purification and milling for high-dispersion industrial pigment formulations.

    Final product types

    • Pyrimidine-based pigments for synthetic fibers
    • Specialty inkjet printing dyes
    • Colorants for plastic compounding and masterbatch production
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine: Insights from Direct Manufacturing Experience

    Understanding 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine Through the Eyes of a Chemical Manufacturer

    Working day in and day out with 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine gives a certain respect for this molecule. You get to know its quirks, the way it crystallizes, the unmistakable odor in the plant after a fresh recrystallization, the way it reacts to temperature or pH changes. Years of production refine not only technical routines but sharpen our understanding of the compound’s place in synthesis, research, and downstream technical needs.

    Product Characteristics, Structure, and Reliable Consistency

    Producing 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine, known by its chemical structure C4H4N2O2, involves a clear protocol developed through careful process control. What matters most to our end-users is not only the nominal purity—typically above 99% in our standard lots—but also batch-to-batch reproducibility. Even slight shifts in impurity profiles can create headaches for downstream synthesis, which often will only be discovered after expensive intermediates have been stockpiled. Maintaining strict control over reaction times, temperature ramps, and washing steps allows us to deliver a pale, dry solid that remains stable on storage and easy to handle during further processing.

    Many customers ask about particle size, solubility, and moisture—each affects workflow in different labs and factory setups. We monitor moisture tightly and keep water content below 0.5%. Over the years, we learned that explaining this detail openly to users builds trust, especially for those working with sensitive condensation reactions or planning metal-catalyzed processes where water can affect yields. We routinely supply information about bulk density and flow properties. Such details never feel trivial in a synthesis plant where jammed feed lines or caking in hoppers can eat up a shift’s schedule.

    Applications Rooted in Real World Chemistry

    A significant portion of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine finds its way into pharmaceutical research and manufacturing. It acts as a backbone in the synthesis of several barbiturate derivatives, known for roles as anticonvulsants, sedatives, and anesthetics. Familiarity with this chemistry goes beyond just delivering a drum of the material. Many customers call with questions about downstream modifications—acylations, alkylations, or issues related to tautomerism under their reaction conditions. By actually producing this building block, we can offer insight into its reactivity rather than just reading it from the literature.

    In recent years, agricultural and biotechnology sectors have turned to 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine as a precursor for herbicidal and fungicidal actives. Our team knows the compound’s limits in those syntheses—long before a patent appears, industrial chemists are troubleshooting selectivity, process yield, and cost per kilo. Our experience with robust upscaling supports teams working under tight project deadlines. Research teams pursuing new catalysts have also become significant repeat users of our pyrimidine, particularly in ligand design, where the geometry and hydrogen bonding from the hydroxyl groups matter. We keep these requirements in mind. If batches need extra care in particle size reduction or finer crystal habits, we can handle it because feedback from users guides our troubleshooting efforts.

    What Sets Our 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine Apart

    A question that turns up at nearly every trade show or technical meeting: “What’s the real difference between your 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine and others on the market?” On the surface, the answer may seem obvious—purity, consistency, safety. But actual differentiation comes from production philosophy and rigor. Our plant’s history is one of gradual improvements. Step by step, we optimized every filtration, washing, and drying stage—not to chase brochure numbers, but because our customers’ reactions flagged tiny residuals of upstream reagents. They catch trace contaminants using sensitive methods long before a certificate of analysis shows a difference, so keeping our upstream controls airtight matters.

    Another factor is handling and storage stability. We spent considerable time learning how trace stabilization agents or packaging changes affect shelf life. Heat-sealed, moisture-barrier bags in inert atmosphere drums weren’t always our standard, but resolving customer complaints about lumped or degraded products shaped our current protocols. Today, warehouses in humid tropical climates or cold northern plants both get the same reliable solid from us, without strange odors or yellowing.

    Investments in automated process controls made it possible to reduce operator-dependent variability. This pays off over time in fewer rejected batches or unexpected waste. Years back, finicky manual procedures meant performance depended on which shift was running. Today, real-time monitoring of pH and color endpoints reduces surprises for customers tallying up their costs from lost product or additional purification steps.

    Supporting Advanced Research and Custom Requirements

    We are frequently approached by research teams with requests far outside standard catalog offerings. Some syntheses demand isotope-labeled versions of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine for tracing studies. Meeting those demands noon and night is not just a stretch of production—it means rolling up your sleeves, setting up campaigns in smaller, dedicated vessels, and revalidating all analytical steps. Cost rises, but collaboration with research chemists generates breakthroughs. More than one medical imaging team has published results relying on batches made with great care in our plant, not a faceless bulk vendor.

    A different sort of request crops up from formulation chemists testing micronized grades. In early years, our largest fraction measured coarse; customers seeking homogenous dispersions in solvents reported settling problems. Working side by side with their process engineers, we fine-tuned particle size distribution by updating our milling practices and switched from rotary to jet mills for some lots. Every change came through iterative trial, quality checks, and feedback loops. That’s what it means to stand behind the product—to know who uses it, why, and how.

    Process Knowledge Enhances Quality and Safety

    Another point of differentiation lies in how we manage process safety. Synthetic intermediates can race ahead, runaway reactions linger as rare but credible threats. Decades of batch records, near-miss reports, and periodic audits guide us daily. Operators check not just pressure and temperature, but the exact pH windows needed to minimize over-oxidation, which can create hard-to-remove byproducts. Old-timers on the plant floor sometimes spot issues by smell or color even before the panel alarms—this is knowledge you build batch by batch over many years.

    Waste reduction measures became part of our workflow not by legal requirement but through necessity—waste disposal eats into margins quickly. By close monitoring and reuse of mother liquors where feasible, we trimmed both costs and environmental burden. Customers frequently ask about ecology and green credentials; being able to show measurable reductions in energy, water, and hazardous outputs carries weight. Today’s partners in the pharma and crop science worlds often value this transparency as much as price or speed.

    Regulatory Experience and Compliance Assurance

    Operating as a direct manufacturer, regulatory scrutiny never stands far off stage. For any product that moves from bench chemistry to scale-up for active pharmaceutical or agrochemical use, detailed traceability and global regulatory compliance are mandatory. Our internal systems track raw material lots, operator signatures, and production steps for every shipment. If a question or inspection arises months later about a specific batch, we can retrieve full data including analytical results and process deviations.

    Risk management shapes every improvement, and practical experience allows us to advise customers honestly about issues they might face in their own supply audits. Over the years, we’ve seen regulatory pendulums swing: one season, the focus is genotoxic impurities, the next, elemental residue, and still another, solvent carryover. By manufacturing in-house, we move faster to update protocols as requirements shift, rather than waiting on upstream partners.

    Quality systems evolve from practice, not theory. Procedures for cleaning tanks, segregating different production lines, and managing allergen or cross-contamination hazards reflect years of actual experience, not just paperwork. More and more, customers request declarations and documentation—our team issues these from direct production records, unfiltered by marketing teams or distant intermediaries.

    Facing and Solving Production Challenges

    Producing 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine on a commercial scale presents unique technical snags that rarely show up on a lab bench. One key issue is unwanted side reactions in the pyrimidine skeleton, particularly when operating on multi-hundred kilo volumes. Trace metal catalysis, inconsistent heating, or moisture exposure all have sabotaged production at some point, each one ultimately a learning opportunity. We combat these issues by updating our real-time analytics and investing in staff training. As a direct manufacturer, preventing problems is far less costly than troubleshooting contaminated output.

    Process improvements often begin with a call from a chemist, not a manager—if a customer notes a persistent discoloration or a downstream sulfonation issue, our plant troubleshoots component by component. Sometimes that means running pilot batches with adjusted reagent ratios; sometimes it means a step back to review source material certificates or incoming solvent purity. The learning curve bends slowly, but fewer complaints, steady orders, and positive feedback mark progress.

    Adaptability matters in real-world production. Market demand swings sometimes demand rapid scale-up, sometimes scaledown or improved scheduling flexibility. Overinvesting in flexible equipment, holding extra qualified staff, and building ample buffer stock serve as real cushions through supply chain crunches or unexpected export surges. More than once, our entire team pulled together to fill a critical rush order, knowing the next step of a customer’s project was riding on delivery.

    Comparing 4,6-Dihydroxypyrimidine to Related Pyrimidine Compounds

    From a manufacturer’s perspective, 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine stands apart from its isomers and analogs due to its unique reactivity and demand profile. The positioning of the hydroxyl groups at the 4 and 6 positions shapes its behavior in subsequent functionalization reactions. Compared to 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine or 2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine, the properties of our compound make it especially favored in certain barbiturate and heterocycle syntheses, because it provides cleaner selectivity and fewer undesired side-products in condensation processes.

    Production similarities fool the unwary. Slight positional changes in the molecule often require completely distinct handling procedures, reaction conditions, and purification steps. By focusing manufacturing on 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine, we’ve optimized every process parameter for this configuration, achieving higher throughput and lower contamination risks compared to small-batch, multi-compound facilities. End users often tell us they see improved performance, lower impurity burdens in their final APIs or crop products, and even better storage properties.

    Attempts to substitute alternative hydroxypyrimidines usually end up costing more in purification or lead to lower yields. Researchers and process engineers share these findings with us in technical exchanges and detailed reports. The feedback closes the loop, driving further tweaks to our production model and giving us solid, field-tested data to guide prospective clients on which compound to choose for their goals.

    Meeting the Demands of a Global Supply Landscape

    Markets change quickly, supply chains fragment, and requirements differ between countries. Operating as a primary producer of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine, we have seen demand increase not only from traditional markets like central nervous system drug research but also from emerging segments in biotechnology, flavor chemistry, and advanced materials. Sophisticated buyers now ask probing questions about origin, carbon footprint, and site security. Our facility’s integrated approach, spanning from raw material qualification to finished lot shipment, helps us respond to these concerns in measurable ways.

    Sourcing reliable raw materials never gets easier—solvent, precursors, and even packaging can swing in quality season by season. Maintaining relationships with upstream suppliers, supported by continuous incoming QC checks, prevents unwelcome surprises. Direct end-user engagement makes us responsible for every kilo shipped, and keeps our team motivated to resolve any complaints quickly. If a shipment delays or a material arrives outside spec, speed and frankness trump paper guarantees.

    A Manufacturer’s Commitment Beyond the Sale

    The relationship between a chemical manufacturer and its downstream partners goes wider than order forms and batch sheets. Whether supporting early-stage academic researchers, high-volume pharmaceutical plants, or startup biotech operations, we recognize every end user depends on our diligence. Many of our long-term customers have included our technical and quality assurance team members as de facto project collaborators, not only as vendors. We have reviewed protocols together, brainstormed solutions to difficult functionalizations, and responded shoulder to shoulder in regulatory site audits.

    We regularly welcome visitors onto the production floor—chemists, engineers, and procurement specialists who want to see first-hand how their key intermediates are made. We show them the attention we pay to cleaning records, the steps we take to minimize cross-contamination, and the real people handling every drum or package. There’s comfort in knowing that every shipment reflects layers of care and oversight, not just a transaction or a stock number.

    Looking Forward: Innovations and Future Directions

    Staying ahead in 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine production requires ongoing innovation. We keep an open ear to new synthetic routes, greener process alternatives, and energy-saving measures. Every improvement plan starts with feedback—on product handling, reactivity, safety, or storage—from those who actually use our material. Collaborations with academia and industry help us pilot new routes, and real-world results speed up adoption. Matching real needs, not just chasing theoretical advantages, keeps investment focused and drives genuine progress.

    Digital transformation affects even this corner of specialty chemicals. Real-time lot tracking, online batch archives, and API-driven document sharing now shorten turnaround for customers facing regulatory requests, audits, or urgent need for documentation. Complete transparency—from incoming raw materials through to analytical signoff—has become the expectation. Meeting these digital needs never replaces the expertise of trained chemists, but it makes traceability and responsiveness easier than ever before.

    Conclusion: Direct Experience Shapes Every Batch

    Making 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine is more than weighing powders and bottling drums. Real expertise comes from thousands of batches run, problems solved, hours spent on auditing, continuous process tweaks, and countless conversations with users. It means understanding that minor differences in handling, purity, moisture, or packaging can derail or accelerate sophisticated downstream chemistry. Reliable quality starts with tight process control and takes shape through daily hands-on attention.

    The value to our customers lies not only in receiving a barrel of high-purity material, but in the commitment of a manufacturing team continuously learning from every batch. We draw from shared experience as chemists, process engineers, and technical support—all focused on reducing surprises and helping achieve project goals efficiently and safely. From routine research to advanced pharmaceutical manufacturing, collaboration and responsiveness shape our role as a top supplier of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine. Direct production ties us to our customers’ work in a way that mere trading never can, ensuring each batch delivered upholds a tradition of trust, technical rigor, and openness.