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3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid

    • Product Name 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid
    • Alias Pyridine-3-sulfonic acid
    • Einecs 217-970-7
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    483889

    Chemical Name 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid
    Cas Number 636-73-7
    Molecular Formula C5H5NO3S
    Molecular Weight 159.17 g/mol
    Appearance White to off-white crystalline powder
    Melting Point 195-200°C (decomposes)
    Solubility In Water Soluble
    Density 1.56 g/cm³ (approximate)
    Boiling Point Decomposes before boiling
    Pka Approximately 1.8
    Synonyms Pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, 3-Pyridylsulfonic acid
    Pubchem Cid 13579

    As an accredited 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid is packaged in a sealed, amber glass bottle containing 100 grams, labeled with product and safety information.
    Shipping **Shipping Description:** 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid is shipped in tightly sealed, chemically compatible containers to prevent moisture and contamination. The packaging complies with relevant safety and regulatory guidelines, including labeling for chemical hazards. Transportation is in accordance with local and international regulations, ensuring proper handling, storage, and spill prevention measures throughout transit.
    Storage 3-Pyridinesulfonic acid should be stored in a tightly sealed container, away from moisture and incompatible materials such as strong bases and oxidizing agents. Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, protected from direct sunlight. Ensure proper labeling and keep away from sources of ignition. Follow all standard chemical storage protocols and local regulatory guidelines.
    Application of 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid

    Applications of 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid in Industrial Manufacturing

    As a direct manufacturer of 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid, we supply this specialty intermediate to diverse chemical industries. Below are detailed application scenarios, process integration, compliance requirements, typical dosages, and finished product types based on actual end-use sectors.

    1. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Synthesis

    Process chemists in pharmaceutical manufacturing incorporate 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid as a sulfonating agent or heterocyclic building block for select API pathways, including antihypertensives and CNS-active compounds. It aids in introducing sulfonic acid moieties or functionalizing pyridine rings under controlled conditions. Reaction temperatures and solvent systems are chosen to maximize yield while preventing ring degradation. scale-up requires analytical monitoring for residual sulfonic species. Material must comply with established ICH and pharmacopoeial guidance before APIs enter clinical or commercial supply.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • USP/NF monographs for relevant molecules
    • European Pharmacopeia general and specific requirements
    • FDA 21 CFR Part 211 (Finished Pharmaceuticals) as applicable to process chemistry inputs

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5%–3% molar basis relative to core pyridine substrate, based on target functionalization level and reaction step. Chemists adjust according to precursor reactivity and impurity profile control.

    Downstream process integration

    • Reaction is typically at Stage II or III in multi-step synthesis, often following protection/deprotection or halogenation cycles. Feeding done via metered addition under inert atmosphere. Reaction quenched, mixture neutralized, followed by phase extraction and purification before API crystallization.

    Final product types

    • Pharmaceutical intermediates (e.g. pyridine-based sulfonates, CNS active scaffolds)
    • Final APIs incorporating sulfonated pyridine rings
    • Injectable and oral solid-dosage APIs

    2. Specialty Dye and Pigment Production

    Dye manufacturers apply 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid as a functionalizing intermediate to enhance water solubility and fastness properties in the synthesis of cationic and reactive dyes for textiles and leather. Control over pH and reaction time ensures complete sulfonation without overreaction, vital for color intensity and reproducibility. Integration occurs during the azo coupling or final dye modification steps, and downstream processes require full material traceability to compliance with environmental regulations on dye discharge and restricted chemicals.

    Industry compliance standards

    • REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (EC 1907/2006)
    • OEKO-TEX Standard 100 (Annex 6 for banned amines, sulfonates in textile dyes)
    • ZDHC MRSL (Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals Manufacturing Restricted Substances List)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1.5%–6% weight on dye precursor, depending on dye class and desired solubility enhancement, with rigorous adjustment for batch size and final color properties.

    Downstream process integration

    • Enters during late stage functionalization after core dye molecule assembly. Sulfonation performed in high-shear mixing reactors with real-time pH monitoring, followed by neutralization and filtration prior to spray-drying or granulation of the finished dye product.

    Final product types

    • Cationic textile dyes
    • Reactive dye dispersions for cotton and wool
    • Water-soluble pigments for digital textile inks

    3. Electroplating and Metal Surface Treatment

    Producers of electroplating baths and surface conditioning fluids use 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid to regulate metal ion deposition on industrial substrates. Its strong sulfonic acid group supports the stabilization of nickel and copper ions, balancing bath acidity and controlling grain structure in the resulting metal layer. Exact dosage must be set according to substrate area, current density, and desired deposit properties. All formulations are governed by strict occupational and environmental controls due to downstream exposure risks.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 6158 (Electroplated coatings)—regulations for electrolyte composition
    • RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU (limiting hazardous additives in electrical finishes)
    • REACH Annex XVII for restricted substances in metal finishing

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.2–1 g/L of bath solution. Ratio adjusted for plating thickness and cycle time; overuse can cause unwanted surface morphology changes.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added during bath make-up phase, prior to pH and conductivity adjustment. Directly soluble in aqueous electrolytes, ensuring homogeneous mixing. Routine QC sampling for sulfonate concentration proceeds during continuous plating operations to validate specification.

    Final product types

    • Electroplated copper foils for PCB manufacturing
    • Decorative chrome, nickel, and zinc-coated components
    • Functionalized industrial tools and connectors with specialty corrosion-resistant layers

    4. Catalysts and Ligands for Fine Chemical Synthesis

    Homogeneous catalyst formulators use 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid to prepare advanced transition metal ligand complexes, especially those requiring a water-soluble sulfonated pyridine moiety. Such ligands are essential in Suzuki or Heck coupling reactions and other C–C or C–N bond-forming processes in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and performance material synthesis. The raw material is introduced in ligand synthesis workflows under inert, low-moisture conditions to prevent premature salt formation. QA protocols confirm ligand purity prior to catalyst complex preparation and large-scale reactor deployment.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management for specialty chemical manufacture
    • Internal batch records and QA/QC documentation as required under CEFIC guidelines
    • REACH compliance for handling transition metal salts and sulfonated ligands

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5–2% mol fraction based on total ligand feed; varies with planned catalytic load and desired kinetic property. Chemists fine-tune according to process yield and selectivity data.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added at ligand synthesis stage, normally via controlled addition with solvent and base. Product isolated, purified, analyzed (NMR/LC), then complexed with transition metal precursor before introduction into catalytic reaction system.

    Final product types

    • Sulfonated pyridine ligands for palladium/copper/iron catalysis
    • Homogeneous catalyst formulations for bulk and fine chemicals
    • Specialty intermediates for pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis

    5. Water Treatment Additive Synthesis

    Chemical formulators in industrial water treatment use 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid to synthesize functional antiscalant and dispersant molecules. The sulfonic acid group renders end-products highly anionic, improving scale inhibition and dispersion in industrial cooling systems. Integration is managed by continuous or batch reaction with polycarboxylates or other functional groups. Finished additives must demonstrate compliance with environmental discharge limits and product stewardship obligations.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ANSI/NSF Standard 60 (Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects if intended for potable water systems)
    • ISO 14001 Environmental Management for chemical manufacturing
    • EU REACH and BPR (Biocidal Products Regulation) registrations for water treatment chemicals

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.8–5% weight fraction as functional monomer, based on molecular weight target and product application (open recirculating vs. closed loop water systems).

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced during main antiscalant or dispersant synthesis by controlled dosing prior to polymerization. Post-polymerization neutralization and filtration are performed to ensure product meets performance and purity criteria for field use.

    Final product types

    • Polymeric antiscalants for cooling towers
    • Scale inhibitors for boiler water
    • Dispersants for industrial wastewater treatment
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Insight into 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid: A Reliable Building Block from Our Hands-On Chemical Production

    What 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid Brings to Synthesis

    Every kilogram of 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid that leaves our facility tells a story of repeated trials, careful process control, and industrial experience. At our plant, we don’t just produce this compound; we constantly put it through its paces, learning what matters for our customers and for the downstream chemists who rely on predictable results. Our 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid, offered in its purest obtainable form, serves as a critical intermediate for pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis, as well as in dye manufacturing, electronics, and some specialty catalyst protocols.

    Over the years, certain attributes have proven non-negotiable for chemists in applied research and manufacturing. We’ve worked this product to a consistent purity of over 98%, focusing on the single isomer—the para isomer—because off-isomers tend to complicate reactions and throw off yields. The powder flows easily through automated weighing and charging equipment, clumping almost never presents an issue, and the off-white color signals the absence of heavy contaminants.

    How Production Method Shapes Consistency

    Anyone in this industry learns quickly that the choice of sulfonation method changes the product’s character. Our process relies on direct sulfonation using fuming sulfuric acid under carefully metered conditions, followed by rapid neutralization and precise filtration. Sound easy? Spend a morning in our plant in July when heat and humidity threaten to throw the stoichiometry off, and you start to appreciate why process discipline and operator experience matter so much.

    We don’t run batch lines with variable wash cycles. Each production run is monitored by our on-site team, ready to intervene if the clarity or IR fingerprint of the batch veers off target. When we see a color shift or greater than 0.25% secondary isomer, the batch is cleaned up, not sent forward for packaging. We keep a reference library of product spectra going back over a decade, which helps us track drift and nudge the process back on course before impurities can build up.

    Comparing Product Experience: Our 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid and Other Sulfonated Pyridines

    Not all pyridinesulfonic acids function alike. We’ve observed in both our clients’ labs and our own pilot-scale kinetics studies that the position of the sulfonic acid group makes a material difference on reactivity. For example, the ortho (2-) isomer tends to give unpredictable outcomes in Suzuki couplings, while our 3-variant produces a cleaner conversion and crystals that are less prone to trapping unreacted starting material.

    Users occasionally ask about switching from the 4-isomer to our 3-isomer in sulfonation-driven C-N bond formations. The switch gives them a more hydrophilic product, altering partitioning in organic extractions. In dye chemistry, where the end product’s color and lightfastness depend on clean substitutions and minimal side chains, the 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid we provide has shown tighter bands by TLC and less tailing, thanks to that higher isomeric purity.

    Impurity profile sets us further apart from generic imports or “blended” batches. Competing pyridinesulfonic acids from certain regions might be marketed at slightly lower cost, but repeated analytical comparisons reveal persistent metallic residue and broader melting point ranges. Multinational clients bring us back year after year not just for the specification sheet but for the surety that we troubleshoot contamination sources, haul out spent catalyst before it sees the reactor, and can trace back the lot integrity on short notice.

    From Storage to Work-Up: Lessons Learned from the Plant Floor

    Real-world product experience doesn’t come from reading a formulator’s intent or from simulating process flowsheets—it comes from facing batch-to-batch variability and seeing how it impacts operator safety, cleanup, and downstream efficiency. Early in our manufacturing years, we saw smaller customers struggle with 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid storage. Hydroscopic character can creep up in humid environments, so now we fill each drum under dry nitrogen. That adjustment means users in less regulated plants aren’t left scraping caked powder off the bin sides.

    Solubility in water and select polar solvents makes our material easy to dose into both organic and aqueous synthesis. We’ve reformulated our anti-static packaging several times to balance environmental requirements with end-user needs, an issue that traders rarely encounter because they never touch the packaging line. Regular open communication with academic formulation groups has shaped how we scale up production—sample feedback about off-odors or inconsistent mass balance often leads us directly to a fix in purity or process temperature.

    Input Controls and Environmental Diligence

    Many people outside of the actual reactors overlook the ways that raw material quality plays out in the final properties of the product. We always verify supplier quality for each of our pyridine sources, accepting only material that meets our own GC-MS benchmarks. Not every upstream supplier takes the extra steps to secure low-moisture, low-chloride inputs, but in our experience, allowing shortcut materials into the feedstream raises cost at the back end when you’re pulling double the wash cycles to scrub out errant contaminants.

    Environmental compliance is not a bolt-on for us. The spent acids, once they’ve given up their sulfonic groups, are processed through a joint treatment stream so that we don’t dump untreated effluent. We monitor air emissions for SO2 spikes at every shift, informed by the headaches of building local regulatory trust after an early incident over a decade ago. We’ve swapped to nearly fully closed-loop water systems for the scrubbing phase. Operators who run the plant every day for years know how environmental and worker safety priorities shape every adjustment we make to the final process.

    Supporting Research, Scale Up, and Regulatory Dossier Preparation

    Laboratories running discovery batches, as well as regulatory teams compiling new dossiers, often require reliable NMR and HPLC data alongside a transparent supply chain. Preparing these is not an afterthought, it’s part of our workflow. Chromatograms from our in-process monitoring are available for review. We provide reference samples to new users, not as marketing giveaways, but so they can test exactly how our material behaves in their analytic protocols. Clients in the pharmaceutical sector frequently rely on our supply’s impurity profile remaining unchanged over multi-year timelines—a confidence that comes from strict batch archiving and routine lot cross-checks at our own facilities.

    Pharmaceutical and fine chemical companies expect traceable quality now more than ever. Over the years, we’ve fielded everything from REACH registration requests to detailed impurity pathway breakdowns for preclinical submission. Our technical team maintains full documentation, not just certificates, and we back up traceability by keeping internal review logs for all critical control points during each production lot. This diligence stands in contrast to products routed through distant third-party blending operations, where lot integrity records are often patchy and QC is a checkbox, not a commitment rooted in daily operations.

    Why the Manufacturing Perspective Matters

    Having spent years solving on-site issues, we understand the cost of overlooked trace metal contamination or unaddressed batch wetness. These are not theoretical problems. Recently, one long-term client reported a sudden drop in yield during a scale-up to kilogram batches. Our own technical team tracked the problem to a subtle shift in moisture content after a packaging line upgrade. Rather than ignoring the complaint, our in-plant technicians reviewed our packaging procedure, identified the static charge source, and implemented a correction. The next batch passed independent QC, returning the client’s yield to normal. Traders would offer apologies or replacement material, but only the original plant can troubleshoot this deeply.

    From research feedback, we know some users try to substitute 2- or 4-Pyridinesulfonic Acids due to local availability, often leading to less consistent product outcomes. Our 3-isomer, made under controlled conditions, exhibits more predictable reactivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution and metal-catalyzed coupling protocols. Raw data and repeated direct customer reports show better yield and lower side product load with our process. This remains a strong selling point, but also validation of years spent tuning our synthesis workflow.

    Quality Control in Practice, Not Just Paper

    On the plant floor, every run of 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid faces real-world checks, not just batch stickers or external audits. Operators run rapid TLC with each batch, not only for the QA records but to catch contamination before it moves downstream. We believe many plants suffer from “specification drift” when turnover is high and hands-on experience is lacking. We’ve minimized that risk by retaining core operators for years and passing on troubleshooting habits—a dropped flask or an unusual whiff is flagged quickly instead of rolling forward.

    Regular vibration and heat cycling teaches you more about stability than a year of shelf-life studies. We’ve moved from outdated bag-in-box methods to anti-static, bead-welded drums. These choices eliminate moisture creep, which is especially problematic in certain climates. Storage stability was a recurring headache for customers and a persistent topic in our own QC meetings until we found the right atmosphere to maintain purity and keep the powder free-flowing.

    Differences in melting point and color from imported batches, frequently flagged by our downstream clients, have prompted us to routinely run in-process colorimetry and residue analysis beyond standard compliance. The knowledge base we’ve built over years means we don’t just meet a printed spec; we anticipate problems—oxidation, trace iron, humidity pickup—and take steps to fix them with every run.

    Understanding the Downstream Impact

    Choices made during manufacture ripple forward to the bench chemist’s yields, to the time spent on post-reaction purification, and to the reliability of product consistency over dozens of campaigns. With 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid, these issues aren’t abstract—they influence cost per syntheses and time spent chasing down “mystery” peaks on the chromatogram. We produce to support those end goals. Our real-world feedback loop gives us the ability to improve, batch after batch, and adapt to new technical needs as they arise.

    The push for sustainability in chemical manufacturing changed the way we use energy and manage waste, but it also led us to rethink filter media, adopt higher-efficiency agitation, and cut down wash solvent volumes. None of these changes occurred by decree—they emerged after seeing how product quality and plant safety measure up in practice, not just on paper.

    Users of 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid often bring specialized needs, whether for research, scale-up, or commercial production. Our team handles requests for custom particle sizing, matched reference standards, and bespoke labeling based on project requirements without pushing those extra costs down the line or losing focus on core production goals.

    From Factory Floor to Your Bench: The Value of Manufacturing Experience

    Day-in, day-out manufacturing experience underlines why “just good enough” doesn’t hold water in specialty chemicals. Every production challenge carries a learning curve, with temperature, humidity, and raw input quality all shaping what comes off the line. Chemists and production teams rely on us not just for another bag of powder, but for insight and consistent backup—traits built by repeat runs, real feedback, and years of problem solving.

    In an industry where quality and traceability increasingly define long-term partnerships, we stake our work on hands-on experience, constant refinement, and a daily commitment to integrity. Our 3-Pyridinesulfonic Acid makes a difference not only with its purity and process reliability but with the confidence it offers on every bench where results matter.