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3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride

    • Product Name 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride
    • Alias 3-Chloro-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride
    • Einecs 221-007-8
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    141335

    Chemical Name 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride
    Cas Number 117-26-6
    Molecular Formula C8H3ClO3
    Molecular Weight 182.56 g/mol
    Appearance White to off-white crystalline powder
    Melting Point 133-137°C
    Boiling Point 369°C (decomposes)
    Solubility Slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents
    Density 1.63 g/cm³
    Purity Typically >98%
    Flash Point >200°C
    Odor Odorless
    Storage Conditions Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place
    Stability Stable under recommended storage conditions

    As an accredited 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing The packaging for 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride typically consists of a 500g amber glass bottle with a tightly sealed screw cap.
    Shipping 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride should be shipped in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers, protected from moisture and incompatible materials. It must be classified and labeled according to hazardous material regulations. Transport in accordance with relevant local, national, and international regulations, ensuring appropriate documentation and safety precautions are strictly followed to prevent leaks or spills.
    Storage 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride should be stored in a tightly sealed container, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from moisture and incompatible substances such as strong bases and oxidizers. Protect it from direct sunlight and sources of ignition. Use appropriate chemical storage cabinets, clearly labeled, to prevent accidental exposure or contamination. Always follow relevant safety guidelines and regulations.
    Application of 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride

    Applications of 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride in Industrial Manufacturing

    3-Chlorophthalic anhydride delivers functional advantages in multiple downstream specialty chemical applications, enabling high-value transformations in selected markets where chemical structure, purity, and chlorination functionality are crucial to final product quality and regulatory compliance. The following sectors demonstrate established industrial adoption, efficient process integration, and stringent quality controls for this intermediate.

    1. High-Performance Polyimide Monomer Synthesis

    Polyimide manufacturers incorporate this anhydride during high-temperature condensation polymerizations to introduce chlorine functionality into the backbone, imparting superior thermal and oxidative stability to engineering plastics and films. Compliance documentation, accurate feed blending, and continuous reactor monitoring are essential for process repeatability and final product reliability required by electronics and aerospace clients.

    Industry compliance standards

    • UL 94 Flammability Standards for polymeric materials
    • RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU) for restricted substances in electronics
    • IEC 61249-2-21 (halogen content in base materials)
    • ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Management System for industrial plastics)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 5–10 mol% of total anhydride content, adjusted based on desired chlorine content, thermal performance targets, and compatibility with specified dianhydrides and diamines

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced at the dianhydride stage; feed mixing proceeds under inert atmosphere, followed by imidization (thermal or chemical) to form polymeric chains

    Final product types

    • High-Tg polyimide films for flexible circuits
    • Thermoset insulation for aerospace wiring
    • Dielectric layers for microelectronic substrates
    • High-temperature resistant composites

    2. Specialty Reactive Dyes for Textile Applications

    Fine chemical companies use 3-chlorophthalic anhydride as a chlorinated aromatic building block for synthesizing phthalimide-based dye intermediates. The resulting dyes offer resistance to fading and washing, and impart vivid coloration with durable fastness, meeting the demand for high-performance textile coloration in challenging processing conditions. Manufacturing workflows must adhere to chemical handling laws and eco-label requirements for consumer safety.

    Industry compliance standards

    • REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006, Annex XVII on azo colorants and aromatic amines)
    • OEKO-TEX Standard 100 (textile chemical safety)
    • ZDHC MRSL (zero discharge of hazardous chemicals)
    • ISO 14001 for environmentally managed dye production

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1.5–6% by weight in targeted dye molecule synthesis, depending on color depth, functional group reactivity, and molecular engineering

    Downstream process integration

    • Added in the early condensation or ring-closing steps to form chlorinated phthalimide intermediates before subsequent sulfonation and chromophore extension for dye development

    Final product types

    • Wash-resistant reactive dyes for cotton blends
    • Lightfast dispersive dyes for polyester textiles
    • Specialty printing inks for technical fabrics
    • Functional colorants for workwear and outdoor apparel

    3. Flame Retardant Additives for Epoxy Resins

    Producers of halogen-modified epoxy resins utilize the anhydride as a co-curing agent or reactive intermediate to introduce chlorine atoms, boosting flame retardant properties required for electrical laminates, automotive molded parts, and building insulation. The material profile supports the achievement of tough flammability ratings while maintaining mechanical strength and process viscosity control, subject to strict QC and emission management in compliance-focused markets.

    Industry compliance standards

    • EN 45545-2 (fire protection in railway components)
    • UL 94 V-0 Flammability Testing (plastics)
    • IEC 60695-11-10 Fire hazard testing
    • ISO 178 (mechanical properties of plastics under bending)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 3–8 phr (parts per hundred resin) in formulated epoxy composites, with dosing adapted per layer thickness, heat deflection targets, and regulatory fire metrics

    Downstream process integration

    • Dispersed into resin blends during prepolymerization or at curing agent addition; ensures in-matrix distribution and full reaction during thermal curing cycles

    Final product types

    • Fire-rated printed circuit board laminates
    • Electrical encapsulants and potting compounds
    • Compliant molded housings for electrical goods
    • Flame retardant structural adhesives

    4. Agrochemical Intermediate in Herbicide Synthesis

    Synthesis operations for selective herbicides employ the anhydride as an electrophilic aromatic partner in cyclization and acylation reactions, forming key intermediates with precise substitution patterns. This pathway enables the industrial-scale generation of active ingredients characterized by high field performance and consistent impurity profiles. Agrochemical compliance mandates comprehensive traceability, operator safety programs, and batch documentation from feed to formulated product.

    Industry compliance standards

    • FAO/WHO JMPR guidance on specification limits
    • ISO 9001:2015 for agrochemical manufacturing QC
    • REACH Annex XVII for hazardous substances
    • EU Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 for plant protection products approval

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.8–2.5 molar equivalents in active intermediate synthesis depending on herbicide scaffold, substrate purity, and process selectivity requirements

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged into the main reactor at the initial coupling or acylation stage; product is further functionalized and crystallized prior to formulation into technical concentrates or granules

    Final product types

    • Pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide actives
    • Granular and suspension concentrate pesticide formulations
    • Custom intermediates for new agrochemical research
    • Technical-grade raw materials for licensed herbicide brands

    5. Crosslinking Agent in High Durability Powder Coatings

    Powder coating formulators use 3-chlorophthalic anhydride as a reactive crosslinking agent for engineering thermoset systems requiring both chemical and weathering resistance, especially in order to meet requirements for industrial equipment and traffic infrastructure coatings. The process must meet performance metrics for adhesion, UV stability, and corrosion protection while strictly tracing additive incorporation during blending and extrusion.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 12944 for protective paint systems
    • Qualicoat testing guidelines for architectural coatings
    • BS EN 13438 for powder coatings in infrastructure
    • ISO 7253 for neutral salt spray corrosion testing

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1.2–4 wt% (of total binder mass), depending on desired film hardness, thickness, and exposure rating; formulation staff fine-tune loading per color base and substrate properties

    Downstream process integration

    • Incorporated during melt-blend compounding in twin-screw extruders, then post-extrusion micronization prior to electrostatic spray and curing cycles

    Final product types

    • Weather-resistant coatings for steel pylons and bridges
    • Industrial enclosures for chemical facilities
    • Outdoor architectural panels
    • Railway and automotive powder coated components
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride: A Reliable Choice Crafted from Decades of Experience

    Our Commitment to Quality and Practicality in Manufacturing

    Producing 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride has always demanded a careful balance between technical precision, hands-on monitoring, and a genuine attention to customer needs. In our own manufacturing facilities, our chemists and operators know every detail from the ground up: raw material sourcing, continuous stirring, vigilant temperature control, purity validation after distillation and refining, and batch record tracking. We don’t just process chemicals to spec—we build every step out of deep experience, learning from past challenges in yield, finished appearance, and shelf-life.

    Our 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride, model 98C series, represents years of direct improvements in process engineering and logistics management. From the earliest projects in fine chemicals to current multi-ton batches, we’ve seen how subtle shifts in material quality affect reaction reproducibility and waste output. That hard-won knowledge shapes every shipment that leaves our facility. Chlorinated phthalic anhydrides have complex structures and are sensitive to moisture, prone to hydrolysis if mishandled. By tuning our manufacturing lines for consistency, we deliver a product with high assay and low impurity levels—typically above 99.5% purity (HPLC).

    Key Specifications and What They Mean in Real Use

    Most off-the-shelf data sheets cite purity, melting point, and color. From our operations, those numbers translate directly to how our customers—resin producers, pigment formulators, specialty intermediates plants—actually use the material. Our crystalline 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride melts between 124–127°C. Chemists working with condensation and ring-closing reactions appreciate that reliable melting range. The off-white to faint yellow color reflects good control over byproduct formation. Regular monitoring with gas chromatography and controlled storage keeps hydrolysis and clumping to a minimum even during humid seasons.

    Moisture carries extra risk in any anhydride. We observe strict drying protocols and package the product in moisture-proof drums or high-barrier bags before dispatch. Loss on drying remains below 0.5%, with detailed results available on each batch report. These low-moisture levels matter, especially where downstream users handle anhydrides in closed reactors, avoiding excessive formation of hydrochloric acid and phthalic acid. With high stability and consistent composition, process engineers reduce unplanned pauses, waste, and foaming in their own lines.

    The Real Differences: Not Every Chlorinated Phthalic Anhydride Acts the Same

    Working day-to-day in the chemical plant, we understand how small changes make big impacts in the field. Standard phthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, and their chlorinated analogues each behave differently in practical manufacture.

    3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride, with a single chlorine atom, offers reactivity that sits between the more aggressive tetra-chloro and the non-halogenated species. For resin modifications, pigment intermediates, agrochemical precursors, and performance-matched curing agents, this unique fingerprint offers new tuning with selectivity during subsequent steps. Product development teams who switch from ordinary phthalic anhydride to a mono-chlorinated version report different yields, altered pigment hue, or changes in catalyst preferences. The chlorine atom at the 3-position brings subtle shifts in ring activation, making chlorination sites less subject to random reactivity or unwanted color side-products.

    Some ask about product substitutions. Our lab has run hundreds of performance comparisons: mono-chlorinated versions introduce less disruption to thermal stability and provide more options for downstream halogenation. In pigment synthesis, 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride avoids some color drift and unintended byproduct colors that frequently show up when suppliers cut corners or blend mixed anhydrides. Our consistency comes directly from our staged chlorination setup—no mixed-position isomers or leftover unreacted anhydride. That means a more predictable feedstock and less rework, which factories value in all scales of production.

    Upstream and Downstream: The Real-Life Manufacturing Context

    Raw materials may look simple on paper, but we source only from reliable chlorination routes and avoid recycled or poorly characterized intermediates. Any odd batch history—source shift, seasonal moisture—the downstream difference shows up. We’ve seen customers receive consignments from other producers where fines clump from poor drying or where dust content jumps beyond safe handling range. Our drying, sieving, and quality-control protocols catch these traps long before drums ship.

    We design our packages for cleanout after discharge, leaving less residue and dust to manage. Customers working in high-throughput blending, closed kettle systems, or automated candle filters see those practical benefits every day. Any deviation in particle size can clog feed lines or introduce physical hazards—an easily overlooked reality for those not accustomed to bulk handling. Having solved those bottlenecks over decades, we keep our crystal size fraction within a narrow range—large enough to minimize dust and fine enough to dissolve efficiently.

    Responsible Manufacturing, Worker Safety, and Environmental Impact

    Process safety isn’t an afterthought. Our site uses closed-system reactors and effective scrubbing for any HCl evolved during chlorination. We go beyond minimum regulatory requirements, with redundant containment systems and regular emergency drills for handling spills or exposure. Plant staff benefit from regular refresher training and real-time monitoring for leaks. Nearby communities expect low emissions. For waste management, recovered hydrochloric acid and phthalate residues become feedstocks for other chemical processes, shrinking landfill use and unexpected disposal fees.

    Our experience shows that proper process design and continual staff training reduce workplace injuries, minimize exposure, and create safer working conditions. Years ago, manual bagging and open-trough drying meant frequent skin irritation and smell issues for workers. We now maintain engineered ventilation, personal protective equipment requirements, and semi-automated packing lines. Site data consistently show lower solvent exposure and cleaner working environments compared to legacy setups.

    On environmental matters, halogenated compounds need careful tracking. Waste streams pass through multi-stage treatment before any recycling or discharge. Local regulators frequently audit our systems, requesting multi-year discharge records and monitoring the absorption and thermal destruction systems. Our plant invests in secondary containment, leak monitoring, and waste minimization efforts not simply for compliance, but for the long-term health and trust of everyone who works or lives near our facilities.

    Real-World Uses: What Customers Actually Do with 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride

    From long-term relationships with formulation labs to on-site problem solving with plant operators, we know that 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride fills a defined niche in the specialty chemical sector. Resin developers take advantage of its reactivity to achieve desirable hardness, flexibility, and color resistance in polyesters, alkyd resins, and powder-coat products. Its unique chlorinated ring structure favors certain catalyzed reactions, especially for crosslinking in electronics-grade coatings and flame-resistant laminates. Our pigment customers often highlight improved chemical resistance and UV stability for end formulations—they buy based on performance, not only purity.

    Several clients focus on agrochemical synthesis, where the selective mono-chlorination step avoids cumbersome purification downstream. In process-scale production, reliable supply means fewer last-minute shutdowns waiting for imported intermediates or untested substitutes. Our engineering support team regularly helps troubleshoot scale-up issues, drawing on years of practical experience with anhydrides’ quirks and process integration challenges.

    For companies emphasizing sustainability, the ability to selectively introduce halogen functional groups with high atom efficiency and minimal waste byproducts stands out as a key differentiator. New markets for advanced composites, icons in the electronics industry, and emerging opportunities in medical device coatings all benefit from a single-source, well-documented, and traceable mono-chlorinated building block.

    Logistics, Storage, and Shipping: Lessons Learned the Hard Way

    Shipping any sensitive chemical, especially moisture-reactive solids, can cross continents and climates. Our warehouse teams learned long ago that routine inspection of drums, palletization, and container loading makes a difference at the receiving end. Even a small tear in the liner or one improperly sealed drum leads to hours of cleanup and wasted feedstock. Feedback from bulk users showed us ways to reduce field contamination—now all containers feature tamper-evident closures and our own dated security seals.

    On storage, end users prefer information that saves trouble, not generic advice. We keep our own warehouse at controlled humidity and temperature, with clear labels on storage period limits. Our shipping reports include exact storage recommendations and production batch tracking for every outgoing lot. We advise our clients to use up product rapidly after opening, since even brief air exposure can draw in moisture and harden product—especially outside the dry season. Bulk bag sizes and re-sealable drums minimize this risk and reduce total costs per ton shipped.

    Rigorous Quality Assurance: From Audit to Final Drum

    Quality assurance goes beyond spot-checking finished goods. Each 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride batch runs through routine HPLC analysis, impurity fingerprinting, and stability testing under accelerated aging conditions. Our facility retains counter-samples of all shipments for years, supporting traceability in the event of a performance or compliance question downstream. Any anomaly—unexpected color, haze, or caking—triggers a physical recheck, not just a paperwork review. Close communication with our customers ensures rapid root-cause investigation and clear corrective action.

    China, Europe, North America, Middle East—chemical regulations vary and customers demand products certified both for safety and compliance. We maintain internal reference standards set by REACH, national chemical inventories, and local occupational safety boards. Our own certifications and third-party audits save customers considerable overhead and import processing time. Repeatedly, we’ve seen delayed shipments and interrupted projects result from small paperwork gaps, out-of-date testing protocols, or failure to anticipate region-specific documentation. Years of direct compliance management let us support multi-national partners at pace, without bureaucratic slowdowns.

    Technical Support: Solving What’s Actually Broken

    Our team includes production chemists, logistics veterans, and field engineers—people who come from hands-on manufacturing, not just sales. Over the years, we have solved issues like accidental moisture uptake, unusual odor, reduced reactivity in batch runs, and downstream pigment color drift. Clients often reach out for troubleshooting well after the initial shipment. We treat these calls as opportunities to dig deep and prevent recurrence, sharing best practices learned from repeated field experience.

    Open, straightforward consultations help customers evaluate whether a deviation originates from product quality, storage practices, compatibility with other reagents, or process equipment. Our own process development lab replicates customer complaints using retained samples, shortening the troubleshooting cycle. End-users appreciate candid feedback on what really matters—whether to tweak a solvent blend, switch a catalyst, or adjust temperature profiles mid-batch.

    Continuous Improvement: Why Experience Matters

    It’s not theory that fixes real-world production headaches. From raw phthalic acid purification to packed-bed chlorination, distillation, and controlled solidification, our operational upgrades come from analyzing batch records, yield histories, and safety incident logs. Over years, we've re-engineered everything from agitator type to reactor insulation, based on field failures and customer feedback. The result: anhydride batches with higher consistency, cleaner melting behavior, and fewer off-spec complaints.

    Plant management doesn’t chase the cheapest route or cut corners; instead, every new staff member learns why seemingly minor details—like the order of vacuum drying and sieving—makes or breaks downstream applications. Regular technical workshops and process audits draw on data from industry partners and on-the-ground results. This focus on practical knowledge distinguishes manufacturer experience from traders or resellers—who often repeat specifications without lived understanding.

    Adapting to Market Demands

    Market needs change. In the past five years, we've seen a steady push toward stricter environmental controls, new performance standards in specialty polymers, and a rising demand for enhanced traceability. Our production lines keep pace with these changes, incorporating new process validation steps and upgraded emission controls. We act directly on regulatory feedback, not through intermediaries. When pigment plants or advanced composite makers request extra-precise monochlorination or batch blending, we have the flexibility to retool schedules or adjust crystallization protocols in-house.

    When raw material prices spike, many traders rely on quick substitutions or off-spec blends. We never compromise on established structure-activity profiles. Our raw material supply contracts favor only consistent, audited sources with well-characterized impurity profiles. That means fewer disruptions for users with continuous processes and less unforeseen downtime during critical project rollouts.

    Final Reflections from the Manufacturing Floor

    Years of hands-on work in producing 3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride have taught us the value of practical, incremental improvements that originate from real use and observation. Detailed attention to true quality metrics—purity, particle size, moisture levels, color, and ease of handling—anchors our production philosophy. Customers’ needs and end-use challenges form the real test of manufacturing skill, not just ticking boxes on a specification sheet.

    Our process flows, operational protocols, and support services all trace back to daily efforts by manufacturing staff who know the material, the batch records, and the ways each drum is handled in the field. This direct experience results in a product that reliably performs in pigment synthesis, resin modification, advanced polymer manufacturing, and agrochemical intermediate preparation. Clear, honest communication and decades of operational wisdom provide strong support for our partners around the globe.

    With each batch delivered, our reputation depends on the attention we give to every step of the process, the transparency with which we respond to issues, and the dedication we bring to continuous improvement. From plant management to technical support, everyone involved stands behind the product—3-Chlorophthalic Anhydride, built to perform in the hands of people who care about quality as much as we do.