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3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine

    • Product Name 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine
    • Alias Desipramine
    • Einecs 221-173-7
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    892762

    Chemical Name 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine
    Cas Number 36506-84-6
    Molecular Formula C13H10ClN
    Molecular Weight 215.68
    Appearance White to off-white solid
    Melting Point 98-102°C
    Solubility Slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
    Smiles Clc1cccc2c1NCCc3ccccc23
    Inchi InChI=1S/C13H10ClN/c14-11-6-3-5-9-12(11)15-8-7-10-4-1-2-6-10/h1-6,15H,7-9H2
    Storage Conditions Store below 30°C, protect from moisture and light
    Synonyms 3-Chloroiminodibenzyl
    Purity Typically >98%

    As an accredited 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Amber glass bottle, 25g, with tamper-evident cap, labeled with chemical name, CAS number, hazard symbols, and handling instructions.
    Shipping 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine is shipped in tightly sealed containers, protected from moisture and light. The package is labeled according to chemical safety regulations and handled as a laboratory chemical. Shipping follows local and international guidelines, ensuring temperature control if required and using appropriate cushioning to prevent breakage or leakage during transit.
    Storage Store **3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine** in a tightly sealed container, away from moisture and direct sunlight, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Keep away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizing agents. Ensure storage area is clearly labeled and restrict access to trained personnel. Follow all relevant safety, handling, and disposal regulations for hazardous organic chemicals.
    Application of 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine

    Applications of 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine in Industrial Manufacturing

    3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine plays a critical role as an advanced intermediate in several specialty industries, primarily in the production of pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), as well as in fine chemicals synthesis for regulated end uses. Below, we outline the key industrial applications, demonstrating our technical insight from the manufacturing perspective.

    1. Pharmaceutical API Synthesis – Tricyclic Antidepressants

    As a halogenated dibenzazepine derivative, this compound serves as a core intermediate in the manufacture of tricyclic antidepressant APIs including compounds like clomipramine and related molecules. Manufacturers utilize its unique chemical structure to build the central azepine ring system via well-established organic synthesis routes. Its input directly determines final product impurity profiles and batch traceability.

    Industry compliance standards

    • Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP, ICH Q7)
    • United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
    • European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.)
    • ICH Q3A/B: Impurities in New Drug Substances and Products

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5 – 1.2 molar equivalents per batch, adjusted to API target yield by stoichiometry

    Downstream process integration

    • Condensation and cyclization stage following precursor halogenation; often enters at Step 2 or Step 3 in multi-step synthesis, preceding key amination or SNAr reactions

    Final product types

    • Clomipramine hydrochloride tablets and capsules
    • Desmethylclomipramine intermediates
    • Generic tricyclic antidepressant pharmaceuticals

    2. API Intermediate for Antipsychotic Drug Manufacturing

    Specialty synthesis sites deploy this raw material in the production lines of dibenzazepine-derived antipsychotic drug substances, such as loxapine and amoxapine. Its role as a structural building block supports the downstream functionalization steps, influencing the pharmacological profile and regulatory dossiers of the finished APIs.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q11: Development and Manufacture of Drug Substances
    • China Pharmacopoeia (ChP)
    • FDA 21 CFR Parts 210 and 211
    • Certificate of Suitability (CEP, for EU API supply)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.8 – 1.1 equivalents relative to precursor; variations stem from process optimization and scale-up parameters

    Downstream process integration

    • Second-stage intermediate input; typically introduced before ring closure and subsequent N-alkylation or oxidation based on the target molecule

    Final product types

    • Loxapine succinate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)
    • Amoxapine base and salt forms
    • Bulk antipsychotic drug substances for formulation

    3. Advanced Intermediate for CNS Drug Discovery & Custom Synthesis

    Contract research and manufacturing organizations (CRO/CMO) rely on the availability of this compound as a customizable platform molecule for the exploration of new central nervous system (CNS) agents. Its core structure supports late-stage diversification by nucleophilic substitution or functional group transformations, guiding medicinal chemistry teams to achieve process route scouting and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies in early-phase drug development.

    Industry compliance standards

    • Good Laboratory Practice (GLP, OECD)
    • Good Manufacturing Practice (EU GMP, Volume 4)
    • REACH registration for shipped intermediates within EEA
    • Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) and project-specific compound registration

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.2 – 1.0 equivalents per screening batch, variable according to SAR program protocol

    Downstream process integration

    • Used in late-stage functionalization, especially halogen exchange or ring substitution prior to candidate selection or scale-up validation

    Final product types

    • Small molecule CNS drug candidates for preclinical testing
    • Lead analogues for IND-enabling studies
    • Reference standards for assay development

    4. Fine Chemical Building Block for Specialty Dye and Pigment Synthesis

    Manufacturers in the specialty dye and pigment sector integrate this chlorine-bearing azepine derivative as a nucleophilic aromatic scaffold, enabling further substitution reactions for bespoke colorant molecule design. It functions as a key building block for structural pigment modification in applications demanding precise halogen patterns and high chromatic stability.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System
    • OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 (for textile processing, if required downstream)
    • EN 71-3 Toy Safety (for pigment use in toys and plastics)
    • European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) REACH Annex XVII

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1.0 – 2.0 molar equivalents per batch depending on color intensity and desired end-use specificity

    Downstream process integration

    • Initial nucleophilic aromatic substitution, followed by coupling or oxidation to form pigment backbone; often enter as step 1 intermediate for specialty dye molecule synthesis

    Final product types

    • High-performance organic pigments for plastics and coatings
    • Specialty dyes for synthetic fiber textiles
    • Colorant intermediates for ink and toner manufacturing
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Introducing 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine: A Versatile Intermediate from a Manufacturer’s Perspective

    Understanding the Role of 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine in Modern Chemical Synthesis

    Manufacturing 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine has always involved balancing process efficiency with strict quality standards. Speaking from years invested in this field, one gains a sense for molecules that stand out—not just for their technical composition, but also for their reliability in further synthesis. 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine, known for its robust tricyclic core, has drawn steady interest from pharmaceutical and fine chemical producers worldwide, thanks largely to its strategic position in the production of advanced drug intermediates.

    Years on the factory floor and in the lab have shown that small design improvements, like those behind the chlorination at the 3-position, can drive real value. This compound remains prized in the chemical industry for supporting efficient routes to several important targets, particularly within medicinal chemistry. Reliable manufacturing processes, well-defined batch quality, and extensive experience with regulatory compliance have allowed us to deliver material that consistently meets the needs of experienced chemists and project managers alike.

    Product Model, Appearance, and Purity

    Customers typically expect 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine in crystalline or powder form, usually white to slightly off-white. In our manufacturing facilities, fine control at each stage helps eliminate troublesome byproduct contamination. Typical batches reach purities upwards of 99%, as measured by validated HPLC methods. Moisture content and residual solvents remain tightly controlled well below threshold limits required for API intermediates.

    Quality checks go further than spot tests. Every lot runs through multiple analytical screens. The primary data—HPLC chromatograms, NMR, and sometimes GC-MS—don’t just satisfy inspectors; they protect our customers from batch-to-batch drift that can disrupt downstream steps.

    Compared to generic grades found in less regulated supply chains, manufacturer-driven product often avoids inconsistencies that can arise from recycling or reprocessing. As those relying on R&D and pilot-scale work can attest, access to well-documented material makes investigating unexpected results less burdensome. Frequent communication with end users has led us to invest in more rigorous in-process monitoring, and nothing demonstrates the value of this diligence better than a long history of successful audits and technical collaborations.

    Manufacturing Experience and Challenges

    Scaling tricyclics introduces its own challenges. Not all operations manage the heat and agitation demands of such exothermic reactions safely or consistently. Temperature fluctuations and trace catalyst residues, if unmanaged, leave impurities that can crop up months later, complicating project timelines. Over years of scale-up work, our teams have built feedback mechanisms directly into the control systems. These settings turn what could become batch failures into teachable moments.

    Staff in synthesis and QA labs stay mindful that process reliability isn’t just about good intentions—it’s rooted in doing the small things consistently well. Whether it’s meticulously dried glassware or checked weights on the reactor line, the success of every run comes from a toolbox of best practices handed down from senior operators. Training never stops, because keeping up with industry safety norms means lives and reputations remain protected.

    Comparison with Other Azepines and Related Compounds

    Anyone familiar with dibenzoazepines will recognize the impact achieved by substituting a chlorine atom in the right spot. The 3-chloro variant opens access to a wider range of downstream modifications. Compared with simple 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine (the parent ring system without the 3-chloro group), synthesis involving the chlorine handle enables high-yield cross-coupling and substitution steps. Medicinal chemists appreciate this for generating libraries of analogs or for leveraging known SAR (structure-activity relationship) data without restarting each time from scratch.

    By working closely alongside partners in drug discovery, we’ve noticed that the 3-chloro derivative delivers cleaner results during some classic aromatic substitutions. Where unchlorinated tricyclics demand extra protection and deprotection steps, the 3-chloro group saves time and cost with more straightforward transformations. Over time, adopters report improved scalability at later medicinal or process development phases—a critical edge as lead molecules move from milligram to larger scale.

    Contrasting with analogs like 3-methyl or 3-nitro derivatives, 3-chloro strikes a beneficial balance between reactivity and stability. While methyl groups can narrow reactivity windows and nitro substituents increase handling risks, chlorine maintains robustness without severe toxicity or instability concerns. In the hands of thoughtful process chemists, such nuanced differences often steady a project budget that might otherwise be swamped by the unpredictable performance of more exotic functionalizations.

    Practical Use Cases and Industry Trends

    Pharmaceutical synthesis remains the main application area that sends steady orders for this molecule through our plants. Some leading antipsychotic drugs use it as a direct building block. Custom syntheses within contract organizations frequently include this intermediate as a first point of contact with the tricyclic framework. Once it leaves our gates, much of the value in downstream chemistry comes from the reliability which our methods preserve—a fact that experienced clients have acknowledged during repeat technical audits.

    Beyond pharma, certain agrochemical projects opt for 3-chloro tricyclics to refine existing active ingredient libraries. Performance in these settings depends heavily on reliable halogen placement. Small differences in product quality have led to big outcomes in pilot trials for insecticides and fungicides. Over the past two decades, industry consolidation and a greater push for site audits have only increased scrutiny of raw material traceability, putting the spotlight on origin and manufacturing quality.

    Routine product questions from buyers generally revolve around shelf life, reactivity profile, and waste management. Those unfamiliar with this intermediate sometimes raise environmental questions, especially regarding chlorinated aromatics. Process innovation now allows tighter control of potential emissions and waste streams—thanks to closed system handling and continuous monitoring—thereby supporting not only compliance with regulatory frameworks but also growing internal environmental goals.

    Safety Protocols and Regulatory Experience

    As chemical manufacturers, we do not simply deliver product; we live with every safety rule prudently followed or neglected. 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine behaves predictably within recommended storage and transit conditions: cool, dry, away from incompatible agents. Real incidents years ago, ranging from delays caused by moisture pickup to container degradation discovered in transit, taught us to lock in robust packaging standards—triple-layer lined drums, desiccant packs when needed, and full shipment documentation every time.

    Meeting global standards, each shipment tracks with a cradle-to-gate document suite. Regular audits by multinational partners prompt closer looks at everything from supply chain traceability to workforce safety records. Over a decade’s worth of good inspection reports stems from one key tenet: Preparation always pays off. Every recalibration, maintenance log, and safety alarm check is another day’s peace of mind.

    Transparency holds weight with both regulators and buyers. We keep material safety data updated in line with evolving GHS criteria and share process details when justified as part of procurement or due diligence. Continuous investment in analytical hardware, staff training, and process automation means customers rarely face surprises in terms of batch quality or regulatory compliance. Any deviation triggers systematic root cause reviews, with findings fed back into staff education and batch protocol amendments.

    Driving Quality Through In-House Control

    Operating as a genuine manufacturer has given us perspective on the difference that direct process ownership creates. Traders and brokers often lack insight into how small changes on the shop floor drive big swings in batch yield, purity, or impurity profiles. In contrast, every adjustment to our synthetic procedures gets vetted, piloted, and, if successful, implemented with clear documentation and shared internally. From raw material sourcing to waste disposal, staff see firsthand how good practice translates to real outcomes—cleaner intermediate, smoother downstream chemistry, fewer headaches at scale-up.

    Product reliability begins far upstream. Experienced staff evaluate solvent suppliers with regular audits, spot-checks, and trial runs before approving any changes. We pay particular attention to key reagents, like those used for chlorination steps—substandard input can mean off-spec or discolored output, hard to catch except with close process tracking. Each plant run balances throughput against quality, with periodic line checks and in-process assays confirming that every batch meets our documented release criteria.

    Batch traceability persists as a priority, not only for honest reporting but because it enables rapid customer support. Customers sometimes face scale-up issues or unfamiliar impurity spots—ready access to historical run data means we can lend real technical assistance instead of generic advice. Our commitment to complete batch history stems not from external pressure, but from an enduring feedback loop formed in collaboration with the people who work directly with our products.

    Collaboration and Customer Feedback

    As partners in R&D platforms, we view long-term relationships as essential to achieving high market standards. Frequent technical discussions with end users have pushed us toward refining our analytical offerings—delivering full NMR, HPLC, and MS data with shipments, for example. Suggestions from custom synthesis teams often prompt new internal test method validations, ensuring that even minor impurities get caught before delivery.

    Some of the strongest growth in custom manufacturing has come from sharing process innovations that help customers move from lab to pilot plant. Early-stage feedback often reveals new solutions to old inefficiencies. For example, a pharma partner’s request for an ultra-low water version to support sensitive coupling reactions led us to revamp our drying and storage protocols. Incorporating such improvements on our main production lines strengthens our entire portfolio, not just one product.

    Real-time process troubleshooting has also encouraged us to keep experienced chemists on staff, ready to help with tough situations like unusual solvent peaks or unexpected physical changes on arrival. Our technical support teams offer findings based on actual process experience, instead of shelving customer problems or deferring to general documentation.

    Environmental Commitment in Chlorinated Intermediates

    Responsible handling of any chlorinated intermediate demands ongoing environmental vigilance. As process chemists and operators, we constantly review solvent recovery rates, exhaust treatment, and effluent management plans. Upgrades to distillation and closed transfer systems have dramatically lowered emissions and solvent loss. Every design feature—double-walled process lines, vapor recovery, continuous waste monitoring—comes from a mindset focused on not just local regulations, but real stakeholder concerns about sustainability.

    Several years ago, customer questions about organochlorine disposal drove us to revisit downstream processing and end-of-life disposal for waste residues. Internal pilot projects reviewed available treatment technologies to identify less hazardous routes for waste minimization. These changes led to not only cleaner site audits, but growing trust from both new and existing clients who face their own strict licensing regimes.

    Future Pathways and Market Needs

    Industry forecasts point to growing demand for complex azepine derivatives, as research continues in both drug discovery and advanced electronics. More sophisticated uses—like functionalized intermediates for targeted therapies—require process flexibility and high supply consistency. Ongoing investments in plant scale, worker training, and digital process tracking remain essential. As manufacturing chemists, we evaluate every plant retrofit or analytical upgrade through a lens grounded in the real needs of those working year-round at the bench.

    Requests for novel derivatives, new purity specifications, or particular particle sizes generate frequent process innovation. Not all customer-driven requirements line up with process economics or safety constraints, but every transparent discussion helps focus our development priorities. The increasing complexity of modern APIs and agrochemicals continues to drive facilities toward greater automation and data capture, so that each intermediate can support ever-longer, more demanding synthetic chains.

    Bringing Experience Into Every Batch

    Looking back on each manufacturing cycle, one key lesson stands out: experience matters most when standards shift and timelines run short. Each batch of 3-Chloro-10,11-Dihydro-5H-Dibenzo[B,F]Azepine reflects choices made across the factory floor—routine maintenance, close monitoring of batch records, and, above all, real teamwork. The priority stays fixed on minimizing error while maximizing technical value to the end user.

    Whereas suppliers further down the chain might only see chemical stock numbers or movement volumes, those of us synthesizing at scale measure success by repeatability and customer satisfaction over years—not just by quarterly targets. Feedback from users engaged in drug synthesis, process improvement, or regulatory review continues to drive improvement. The trust built over years of honest working relationships remains the strongest guarantee a manufacturer can offer.