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3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran

    • Product Name 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran
    • Alias Oxolane oxide
    • Einecs 207-478-2
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    123005

    Chemical Name 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran
    Molecular Formula C4H6O2
    Molecular Weight 86.09 g/mol
    Cas Number 29920-17-2
    Appearance Colorless liquid
    Boiling Point 94-96 °C
    Density 1.11 g/cm3
    Refractive Index 1.433
    Flash Point 15 °C (closed cup)
    Smiles C1COC1CO

    As an accredited 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Amber glass bottle, screw cap, tamper-evident seal, hazard labels, containing 100 mL of 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran, packed in protective cushioning.
    Shipping 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran is typically shipped in tightly sealed, chemical-resistant containers under ambient or cool conditions. It should be packaged to prevent leaks and contamination, with appropriate hazard labeling. During transport, it must comply with relevant chemical shipping regulations, ensuring safety against accidental exposure, ignition sources, and environmental release.
    Storage 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible substances such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizers. Keep the container tightly closed, preferably under an inert atmosphere like nitrogen or argon. Use appropriate chemical storage cabinets, and clearly label the container to prevent accidental misuse.
    Application of 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran

    Applications of 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran in Industrial Manufacturing

    3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran supports a range of advanced chemical production platforms in multiple sectors. As a manufacturer, we supply this raw material to customers integrating it within specialized synthesis and formulation routes. Below are the major application areas where chemical processors and formulators apply 3,4-epoxytetrahydrofuran, with technical details addressing compliance, dosage, production steps, and end products.

    1. Pharmaceutical Intermediate Synthesis

    APIs and fine chemical manufacturers use 3,4-epoxytetrahydrofuran for producing heterocyclic intermediates, particularly in the synthesis of specialty antiviral and anticancer actives. In this application, the epoxide ring enables site-specific nucleophilic ring opening reactions, introducing oxygen functionality and forming building blocks eligible for further transformations. Process development focuses on maximizing yield, minimizing byproducts, and ensuring trace handling according to current pharmacopoeial quality frameworks.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 (Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients)
    • Ph. Eur., USP, JP (relevant monographs for intermediates and solvent residues)
    • 21 CFR Part 211 (cGMP for finished pharmaceuticals)
    • REACH compliance for European supply

    Typical usage ratio

    • 5–15 mol% in stepwise nucleophilic substitution reactions, adjusted based on target intermediate scale and desired throughput
    • For library scaffolds, 0.3–3 equivalents relative to other limiting reagents

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged at the initial condensation stage of medicinal chemistry pathway development
    • Enters ring-opening cascade in multi-step continuous flow reactors
    • Actively sampled and purged during crystallization and purification steps to meet residue limits

    Final product types

    • Heterocyclic pharmaceutical intermediates (e.g., tetrahydrofuran derivatives, oxacycles)
    • Building blocks for antiviral and oncology API synthesis
    • Specialty fine chemicals for research and generic drug manufacture
    • Pharmaceutical-grade chiral auxiliaries

    2. Specialty Polymer Production

    Manufacturers formulate 3,4-epoxytetrahydrofuran into advanced polyethers used for high-end engineering plastics, adhesives, elastomers, and block copolymers. Its ring opening yields difunctional oligomers with controlled backbone flexibility and chemical reactivity. Polymerization methods include cationic and anionic mechanisms, often under nitrogen with metal catalyst regulation. The resulting macromolecules contribute to mechanical strength, gas barrier improvement, and processability in downstream conversion lines.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001 (QMS for polymer production)
    • ISO 14001 (Environmental Management in chemical synthesis)
    • TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act for US market sales)
    • RoHS 3 (where electrical and electronic application applies)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 2–12 wt% in copolymer formulations (copolymerization with other alkylene oxides)
    • As chain extender, 10–30 mol% in total monomer blend according to desired hardness/flexibility profile

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced at primary feed of polymerization reactor (bulk or solution phase)
    • Participates in chain-initiating or extension stages via epoxide ring opening
    • Monitored inline via viscosity and molecular weight controls

    Final product types

    • Polyether polyols for polyurethane elastomers
    • High-performance adhesives and sealant compounds
    • Block copolymers for thermoplastic elastomers
    • Barrier resins for specialty packaging films

    3. Lithium Battery Electrolyte Additives

    Battery material processors select 3,4-epoxytetrahydrofuran for use as an advanced electrolyte solvent and co-solvent, especially in lithium-ion battery cells targeting high voltage and wide temperature operation. Its low viscosity and high dielectric properties enhance ion mobility, enabling faster charge/discharge cycles and reducing internal resistance. Manufacturers blend it in carefully controlled proportions to improve interfacial stability and inhibit dendrite growth while maintaining compatibility with standard lithium salts and separators.

    Industry compliance standards

    • IEC 62660-2 (Safety requirements for lithium-ion cells in automotive applications)
    • UN 38.3 (Transport regulations for lithium batteries)
    • Quality Management covering ISO 9001 and IATF 16949 for automotive-grade materials
    • MSDS and EU battery directive (2006/66/EC)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 3–10 vol% in lithium salt-containing electrolyte compositions
    • Adjustable based on graphite/anode compatibility, targeted cell energy density, and cycle life requirements

    Downstream process integration

    • Blended into master electrolyte solvent mixture before cell assembly
    • Dispensed in automated filling units for pouch or cylindrical cell lines
    • Retained within QC-controlled solvent storage and delivery modules

    Final product types

    • High-storage lithium-ion batteries for consumer electronics
    • Automotive lithium-ion battery packs (EV/HEV)
    • Stationary battery modules for grid storage
    • Specialized power tool rechargeable battery cells

    4. Agrochemical Active Ingredient Synthesis

    Plant protection material manufacturers employ 3,4-epoxytetrahydrofuran as a functionalized synthon in the preparation of ether and lactone-based agrochemical actives. The compound participates in cascade cyclization and carbon-oxygen bond formation steps, producing a range of pesticidal and herbicidal intermediates with unique bioactivity. Strict process documentation and product traceability support compliance with both regulatory approval and downstream stewardship requirements.

    Industry compliance standards

    • OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) for development batches
    • FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) US regulations
    • ISO 17025 (analytical specification testing within QC)
    • EC 1107/2009 (European regulations on pesticide placement)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 10–40 mol% with respect to halide or anhydride co-reactants, tailored for formation of single or multi-functionalized end-structures
    • Formulation concentration refined by in-process GC or HPLC monitoring

    Downstream process integration

    • Added in controlled-charged reactors for nucleophilic substitution or cyclization sequences
    • Processed continuously or as staged batch for precise reaction control
    • Separated from unreacted starting material by solvent extraction and vacuum distillation

    Final product types

    • Ether-lactone herbicide precursors
    • Pesticidal intermediates for formulation into crop protection chemicals
    • Plant growth regulator scaffolds
    • Selective bioactive agents for integrated pest management

    5. Fine and Performance Coating Resins

    Coating resin manufacturers incorporate 3,4-epoxytetrahydrofuran to access cross-linkable sites and to impart enhanced resistance and flexibility to high-performance resins. Following ring opening polymerization, the resulting polyethers integrate into UV-curable, heat-curable, and chemically resistant coating systems. Industrial formulators monitor viscosity, cure rate, and film formation to achieve precise gloss, hardness, and solvent resistance specifications.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 16000 (Emission testing standards for indoor air quality)
    • ASTM D3029 (Polymer coatings electrical insulation performance)
    • REACH Annex XVII (Environmental health and safety limits for coatings)
    • VOC regulations as per South Coast AQMD Rule 1113 or equivalent

    Typical usage ratio

    • 3–8 wt% as a co-monomer or modifier in resin base
    • Up to 15 wt% in reactive diluent blends for specialty applications such as anti-corrosion films

    Downstream process integration

    • Combined at pre-polymerization or functionalization step in resin synthesis
    • Dosed by precision pumps to maintain blend homogeneity
    • Quality-checked for residual epoxide content before formulation into end-product

    Final product types

    • Epoxy and polyether-based industrial coatings
    • Protective films for electronics, metal, and construction substrates
    • UV and thermal cure surface finishes
    • Special purpose corrosion-inhibitor coatings
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran: Direct from Experienced Chemical Manufacturing

    Producing 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran: Consistency from Start to Finish

    Manufacturing 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran comes with its own set of challenges, especially in maintaining ring integrity while delivering high purity. Our team has worked hands-on in the reactor hall for years, monitoring each batch through synthesis and distillation. Our technicians know the behavior of epoxides well. During each stage, we track the shifts in reaction temperature and monitor for the formation of byproducts, because years in the plant have shown those can degrade product stability if ignored. From our vantage point by the distillation columns, you see right away the need for robust purification steps, not just a quick pass through standard glassware. Downstream, we use vacuum distillation as part of the process, ensuring the oxirane ring in 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran holds up against thermal stress.

    Specification matters for end users. We’ve honed in on producing 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran in a liquid form, colorless and free of visible contaminants, with a minimum purity of 99%. We run regular GC analysis in our QC lab. Every technician here has spent hours loading samples, watching for even minor impurities. From production, most lots stay under 0.2% water, because our own experience shows higher water causes hydrolysis during downstream reactions. Texture and visual assessment also play a role: if the product picks up haze or odor, experienced operators know there may be problems further up the chain.

    Understanding the Role of 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran in Synthesis

    Every day, we talk to chemists who appreciate how this compound anchors their synthesis projects. In our experience, 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran stands out as a versatile building block, particularly for those working in advanced polymer, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical settings. Its structure—a four-membered oxirane ring attached to a tetrahydrofuran backbone—brings reactivity not commonly seen in larger, less strained rings. Those who sit across the table and ask about our product’s repeatability usually focus on the epoxide’s ability to open cleanly under mild acid or base, which allows for careful attachment of functional groups. I’ve seen research groups switch to this molecule to get both improved selectivity and shorter reaction sequences, especially when targeting fine chemicals or custom intermediates.

    Use extends to the modification of biopolymers and copolymer systems. We often field orders from those looking to graft reactive groups onto polymers; the strained epoxide moiety makes this possible. Having managed these relationships for years, we see the compound’s value in helping R&D labs avoid high temperatures that might harm delicate substrates. As a producer, seeing our product integrated into pharmaceutical intermediates gives us a strong sense of the downstream value—if the epoxide ring breaks down too quickly, whole synthesis batches go to waste. Stringent lot tracking and tight chemical control come from us having been burned by out-of-spec epoxide before.

    The Day-to-Day Details on Usage

    We package 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran in steel drums and fluoropolymer-lined containers. Our own warehouse staff double-check all seals to keep out moisture, since we’ve seen firsthand how trace water vapor degrades the material. On the production floor, spillage or contamination with acids introduces safety and chemical hazards. Our crews don't just read about it—they’ve managed sites where a single leak required thorough cleanup and recalibration. In practice, users in pilot plants or research labs handle the substance under dry nitrogen or argon, as we do during filling. It respects no shortcuts. A careless approach shortens shelf life and compromises reactivity. Every lab manager who contacts us for repeat orders expects to receive containers without signs of swelling, internal residue, or chemical breakdown.

    Those who come to us looking to use this molecule in scale-up processes share many of our own concerns. On-site, we help supervise the dilution and transfer steps so that exposure to air or reactive surfaces never eats away at the oxirane ring. Reactivity management is more than a protocol; after long hours in charge of scale production, you learn to inspect every gasket and valve along the fluid path. We always recommend storing material between 2 and 8°C. Refrigerated conditions matter on hot shipping days. Transport scheduling becomes a team effort because heat spikes during transit can spell trouble for whole shipments—and, as we’ve learned, insurance never quite covers lost production time. Suppliers who fail to measure transit impact quickly struggle with customer return rates. We avoid those pitfalls because our history in this sector has taught us the cost of mishandling.

    Practical Differences from Tetrahydrofuran and Related Epoxides

    We often compare our 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran to standard tetrahydrofuran (THF) and other small-ring epoxides at customer request. Chemical buyers sometimes confuse it with THF or other commodity ethers; the reality is, they act very differently in a reaction flask. Tetrahydrofuran, though widely used as a polar aprotic solvent, doesn't open the door to the same kinds of ring-opening chemistry. I’ve helped set up side-by-side reactivity tests in our own lab benches—THF is inert under most reaction conditions, while 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran brings a distinct strain-driven reactivity due to its epoxide ring. Customers shooting for high-yield coupling reactions notice this difference right away.

    Relative to classic ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the larger ring size in 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran means less volatility and more controlled reactivity profile. Ethylene oxide evaporates quickly and can make controlling stoichiometry a headache in open systems. We’ve witnessed this during scale-up: with 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran, the boiling point sits higher, losing less to vapor phase losses during handling. Our prep crews report fewer headaches and lower vapor emissions compared to the smaller, more hazardous epoxides. Chemists appreciate that the ring strain ensures windows of reactivity wide enough for nucleophilic and electrophilic additions while avoiding some of the explosive risks that come with ethylene oxide.

    We’ve observed that some users attempt to substitute with cyclic ethers lacking the epoxide functional group, and it almost always comes back to lost reactivity or problematic side products. Product formulation teams relying solely on classical THF or simple four-membered epoxides often contact us mid-project after realizing their starting material doesn’t deliver the selective reactivity profile they need. The structure of 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran offers a combination that brings both THF backbone stability and epoxide reactivity—useful to a broad range of downstream industries.

    Building on Experience: Quality, Consistency, and Solutions

    Managing real-world production of 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran gives us a clear window into the needs of end users. Most chemical plants run best when inputs remain stable, and that lesson holds nowhere truer than in specialty chemicals. We’ve seen how inconsistency from upstream suppliers throws off reactions—off-color, water-laden shipments destroy customer timelines. Our QA manager still remembers a batch that arrived contaminated from a supposedly “trusted source,” only for a major coating manufacturer to face shutdowns as a result. Since then, batch records and full traceability became non-negotiable standards for us. Rigorous batch-wise documentation, coupled with physical retention samples, is now part of our normal operating rhythm.

    Our plant crew knows there’s no shortcut to verifying peroxide content in stored 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran. If containers sit too long or encounter high temperatures, peroxide formation risks escalate. Maintenance techs periodically check for elevated peroxide levels, drawing on test strips and wet chemistry methods. If results drift above industry-accepted levels—typically under 0.05% as peroxide oxygen content—we flag those drums and reprocess, not just because written SOPs demand it, but because we remember early incidents of runaway reactions traced back to cluelessly stored stock. Experienced heads in the warehouse quickly spot drums needing rotation or relief of gases, and experienced operators never overlook subtle changes in odor or container bulge.

    Collaboration with longtime customers brings up recurring process improvement themes. Equipment upgrades on our end—like improved inert gas purging lines and enhanced chilling capacity—come directly from feedback loops between our operations staff and high-volume buyers. That conversation runs two ways: customers ask about our vacuum systems, and we solicit application data in return. I’ve worked alongside R&D staff in customer labs, sharing troubleshooting notes on ring-opening selectivity issues. Open lines between plant and lab are what brings both sides more reliable results.

    Addressing Challenges—Safety, Handling, and Regulatory Realities

    Anyone who spends years moving high-reactivity chemicals develops an appreciation for the importance of discipline in safety. In the case of 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran, exposure to open air and moisture quickly diminishes product quality, and years of direct experience have taught us to optimize environment controls around production and storage areas. Each operator receives hands-on training, learning direct from those who have managed oxygen-reactive incidents and restored safe plant operation. Proper PPE, quality seals, and routine air monitoring matter, not because they look good in audits but because we’ve dealt with incidents stemming from a single oversight.

    Disposal of spent or off-spec product represents another challenge most plant operators underestimate at the beginning. We partner with accredited waste handlers to manage waste because internalizing the process risked regulatory holes we caught during internal reviews. Open cans, unsealed drums, and improper solvents all lead to headaches; we've learned to err on the side of overspecifying containment solutions. Participation in third-party compliance audits every quarter helps ensure that any drift from regulatory best practices triggers quick corrections. In one audit cycle, minor container corrosion flagged a need for improved lining selection and prompted a plantwide swap within weeks.

    Long-term readers of chemical news may know that regulatory shifts often upend supply chains overnight. As a direct producer, we keep close tabs on European REACH and US EPA guidance—not just to cross boxes, but to catch market upheavals early. In our experience, commodity brokers often lose sight of these details, causing sudden product shortages or non-compliance issues for formulators. Early notifications and active dialogue with regulators mean we keep production aligned, even as rules evolve.

    Hazard labeling on 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran is not just an afterthought, and our veteran staff goes over every outbound container to ensure both the chemical identity and hazard class appear in durable print. This diligence grows directly from run-ins with mislabelled or substandard packaging earlier in our history. Years later, we maintain a standing policy: check every shipment against both internal and international shipping standards. Warehouse managers double-inspect for label durability and traceability, since mishandled documentation delays can put product at risk during customs checks.

    Continuous Improvement and Customer Partnerships

    Our drive to refine the 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran production process springs as much from customer input as from our own plant-side tinkering. Over time, we’ve worked alongside teams in major R&D labs and manufacturing facilities, listening to synthesis challenges and troubleshooting new methods. Exactly how the compound interacts with other reactants in complex reaction matrices is seldom predictable from textbook data alone—a fact we’ve seen play out across countless pilot campaigns. Our plant technicians meet regularly with customer-side chemists to dissect process hiccups, from incomplete conversions to puzzling byproduct patterns. Few things solidify trust in a supplier like a late-night call walking through a stalled reaction and patching a protocol together over the phone.

    Improvements sometimes start with basic handling habits. Several years ago, an uptick in customer returns led us to overhaul our drum filling lines, adding inert gas purging at every stage and retraining packaging teams on seal techniques. Leak rates fell, shelf life climbed, and feedback got more positive. Now, new customers often walk through our storage yard, asking about packaging tie-downs, cooling systems, and barcode tracking. We invite that—years of learning by doing have made us keen to share the small fixes that keep quality up.

    Downstream, we encourage process development groups to validate how our material behaves in their systems before scaling up. With new users, our technical sales team often suggests running initial micro-batch trials, sharing our own best practices for solvent choice, catalyst compatibility, and ring-opening protocols. Many who try the approach see better reproducibility and less downtime. Where formulation teams struggle—especially with polymers or novel small-molecule targets—we collaborate openly to diagnose issues, sometimes sending our own operators on-site for troubleshooting. These relationships make us smarter, too, leading to steady upgrades in our own reactors and purification lines.

    Making 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran Reliable for Advanced Synthesis

    Producing and supplying 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran isn’t about tossing bulk product out the door. For every kilogram that leaves our facility, hands-on knowledge ensures it arrives meeting the high standards of chemists who rely on every reactive site. The science underlying the molecule feels alive to those who walk our plant floors—monitoring for signs of instability, keeping records exact, and working with high-integrity colleagues day after day. As both demand and regulatory oversight climb, our team’s embedded experience translates to reliable material and consistent results for users around the world.

    For those in the thick of modern synthetic chemistry, every material choice carries risk and reward. We see ourselves not just as suppliers, but as partners to those pushing boundaries—sharing our practical understanding, troubleshooting hard-to-pin-down process gaps, and always looking for better ways to deliver on spec and on schedule. After years managing both routine lots and one-off specialty runs, we see 3,4-Epoxytetrahydrofuran as more than a chemical—it’s a testament to getting all the details right, from batch design through to end use. When it finds its place in complex synthesis or polymer modification, the full value arises only because every small detail adds up in the plant and in the field.