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2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide

    • Product Name 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide
    • Alias Mukaiyama Reagent
    • Einecs 220-867-7
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    825033

    Product Name 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide
    Cas Number 6287-46-1
    Molecular Formula C6H7ClIN
    Molecular Weight 255.48 g/mol
    Appearance White to off-white crystalline powder
    Melting Point 195-200°C
    Solubility Soluble in water and methanol
    Storage Conditions Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture
    Purity Typically ≥98%
    Chemical Class Pyridinium salt
    Synonyms 2-Chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide; Mukaiyama reagent
    Inchi Key FCTPUMZFKJPDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
    Smiles C[n+]1cccc(Cl)c1.[I-]
    Boiling Point Decomposes before boiling
    Usage Organic synthesis, especially in peptide coupling reactions

    As an accredited 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing The chemical comes in a 25g amber glass bottle, tightly sealed, with a white screw cap and labeled with hazard and identification information.
    Shipping 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide is typically shipped in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture and contamination. It should be handled as a hazardous chemical, with appropriate labeling and documentation. Transport is usually via ground or air with compliance to local and international regulations for chemical safety and hazardous materials.
    Storage 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide should be stored in a tightly sealed container, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sources of moisture and incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers. Keep it out of direct sunlight. Ensure appropriate labeling and access is limited to trained personnel. Store at room temperature, and avoid exposure to air and humidity to prevent decomposition.
    Application of 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide

    Applications of 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide in Industrial Manufacturing

    2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide serves as a specialized activating and coupling agent in the synthesis of advanced organic compounds. Our manufacturing quality and process control support high consistency and performance required by precision industries. Below, we present key downstream application areas using our material under current industry standards and technical practices.

    1. Peptide Synthesis (Solid-Phase and Solution-Phase)

    Manufacturers of synthetic peptides widely use this reagent as a coupling activator for peptide bond formation. In Fmoc and Boc strategies, it improves the conversion rate and reduces side-product formation, especially with hindered amino acids or difficult sequences. The material integrates into the core activation step, reacting with carboxyl groups to form reactive intermediates. It offers high solubility in key polar organic solvents demanded by both process research and GMP-grade production.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 GMP for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Manufacturing
    • US and EU Pharmacopoeia references for starting materials in custom peptide APIs
    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems (applies to controlled processing environments)
    • FDA 21 CFR Part 211 for finished peptide drug substances

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.9 – 1.2 equivalents relative to carboxylic acid, adjusted for sequence hindrance and solvent system

    Downstream process integration

    • Direct addition during activation step following amino acid or peptide-resin deprotection
    • Integrated into automated synthesizer reagent packs for large-scale and multi-step processes
    • Employed at the coupling stage, followed by wash and capping protocols

    Final product types

    • Pharmaceutical-grade custom peptides
    • Diagnostic peptide probes
    • Research-use peptide libraries
    • Peptide-based API intermediates

    2. Nucleotide and Oligonucleotide Synthesis

    The compound features in the phosphoramidite coupling step for oligonucleotide drug and probe manufacturing. Due to its strong leaving group properties, it boosts coupling efficiency between protected nucleoside units. Manufacturers rely on tight dosage control and high-reactivity in anhydrous conditions to meet stringent purity profiles specified by diagnostic and therapeutic nucleotide producers.

    Industry compliance standards

    • USP <467> Residual Solvents for oligonucleotide APIs
    • EMA guidelines for nucleotide-based drugs (quality of reagents)
    • ISO 13485:2016 for in vitro diagnostic reagent production
    • FDA Guidance for Industry: Oligonucleotide Therapeutics

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.8 – 1.1 equivalents per coupling cycle, optimized according to chain length and nucleoside protection

    Downstream process integration

    • Loaded as liquid or solid phase through automated synthesizer reagent lines
    • Engaged directly in the condensation step during nucleotide elongation
    • Subjected to in-process QC for reagent purity and lot traceability

    Final product types

    • Therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides
    • qPCR and RT-PCR primers and probes
    • Gene silencing siRNA products
    • Quality control and diagnostic DNA/RNA standards

    3. Pharmaceutical Intermediate Synthesis (Active Moieties)

    In custom synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, this reagent activates carboxyl or phosphate groups for subsequent coupling to complex side chains. Its reactivity profile enables precise formation of amide, ester, and phosphate linkages for advanced intermediates. Producers integrate it in controlled batch or flow processes, with validated monitoring of potential iodide byproduct removal.

    Industry compliance standards

    • cGMP manufacturing guidelines per ICH Q7A
    • Pharmacopoeia monograph reference for reactive intermediates
    • REACH registration for specific moieties
    • Regulatory substance purity (EP/USP standards for intermediates)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1.0 – 1.3 molar equivalents per functional group, variable with intermediate complexity

    Downstream process integration

    • Dosed after substrate activation step under anhydrous or aprotic conditions
    • Integrated with in-line or batch sampling for reaction endpoint determination
    • Used in hermetic reactor loops to control moisture and oxygen

    Final product types

    • Amide-based pharmaceutical intermediates
    • Protected bioactive small molecules
    • Active intermediate esters and phosphates
    • Building blocks for API synthesis

    4. Specialty Polymer Modification

    This coupling reagent finds application among specialty polymer producers requiring targeted amide or ester functionalization. It enables the introduction of tailored side groups to polymer backbones, modifying physical and chemical properties for advanced material performance. Producers benefit from precise ratio control for batch consistency, using the material in defined temperature and solvent profiles.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001:2015 for specialty chemical manufacturing QC
    • REACH compliance and substance registration for all modifiers
    • ASTM D638/D882 for subsequent mechanical property validation
    • RoHS Directive compliance (for electronics-related polymers)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5 – 1.0 equivalent per reactive polymer site, depending on desired substitution level

    Downstream process integration

    • Added after pre-polymer chain formation, during side-group attachment step
    • Used in batch reactors under nitrogen or argon to limit moisture interference
    • Integrated prior to final curing or precipitation operations

    Final product types

    • Functionalized engineering polymers
    • Biocompatible polymeric materials
    • Polymers for medical device coatings
    • Adhesive and encapsulant resin compounds
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Introducing 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide: A Closer Look from the Factory Floor

    Decades in Chemical Synthesis: Our Relationship with 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide

    Every so often, the shift bell sends up its echo and reminds me of another batch of 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide rolling off the reactors. I have watched this particular reagent become a reliable workhorse in the lineup, especially for laboratories focused on activating alcohols, coupling reactions, and making intricate pharmaceutical intermediates. Walking the factory floor, there’s a steady rhythm to the process—repetitive, yes, but deeply connected to precision and reliability. The output needs to meet specifications, but we see the bigger picture: our material shapes reactions at the bench and scales to mass production in downstream facilities.

    Our Model: Not Just a CAS Number

    From a manufacturing point of view, much more goes into a product than a name or number. Our model for 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide pays close attention to small details sometimes missed outside the plant. The molecular structure—where that methyl group sits on the pyridinium ring and how the chloride bonds—matters because slight shifts or impurities can jam up a reaction or cause downstream headaches. Batch homogeneity requires tight controls on incoming raw materials, temperature, and pressure. Purity, confirmed batch by batch, lands at a minimum of 98 percent by HPLC. Most researchers ask for white to pale yellow crystals, but even a hue change can signal a hitch we chase down immediately. Moisture levels get monitored closely; slight upticks lead to clumping, spoiling flow in both manual and automated dosing.

    Our standard lot size hovers between 5 and 100 kilograms, stored in drums or lined pails depending on humidity and destination. Each lot ships with a full certificate of analysis, not just ticking compliance boxes, but offering a window into the fingerprint of the batch—residual solvents, melting point, and elemental analysis. We calibrate instruments daily, since accurate readouts tell the real story of what leaves the production line. Over the years, we’ve adapted granule size at the request of a handful of customers working on automated weighing lines, where free-flowing powders make a tangible difference.

    Practical Uses: A Day in the Life of the Reagent

    In the real world, nobody wants a chemical for its own sake. We ship our 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide mainly to groups who push the molecules through transformations where soft activation, mild conditions, and high-yield coupling reactions count for everything. It enables alcohols to turn into more reactive species simply, without byproduct headaches. In organic synthesis, especially in peptide and nucleotide assembly, availability of this reagent saves time and sometimes replaces less friendly activation tools like carbodiimides or phosphorus reagents.

    In research, many people want to avoid chlorination or methylation steps in-house because of the regulatory scrutinty and fume handling challenges. Having a ready-made salt allows teams to skip a couple of tricky manipulations, and it drops right into most protocols without extra purification. Feedback from process development chemists has pointed to a much easier work-up compared to some more traditional activating agents. The iodide counterion, not always appreciated at first glance, gives enhanced solubility in certain polar solvents—sometimes a must for pharmaceutical intermediates that then move on to scale-up or more sensitive stages.

    Raw Material Selection: The Starting Point Matters

    Every lot of 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide depends on what you put in at the beginning. Sourcing high-grade 2-chloropyridine and methyl iodide calls for careful supplier audits. We stay away from batches with excessive halogenated byproducts; those contaminants go straight through and create headaches later for our customers. Our incoming material testing weeds out any instability in the methylating agent, since variability leads to color changes and reduced shelf life in the finished product.

    Of course, the way raw materials affect the final purity guides the reactor settings, from reflux times to quenching procedures. Through years of tweaking, we have landed on protocols that give stable yields with little waste. We have learned to avoid aggressive temperature spikes at the methylation step—too much heat and you risk more side-products, too little and incomplete reaction comes back to bite in the final assay. Small decisions in the plant show up in the laboratory after shipping, so the batch record forms a story customers rely on.

    Taking Stock of Safety: Managing Hazards and Handling

    We never overlook the fact that 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide, while less hazardous than some activation reagents, calls for respect. Our operators wear goggles and gloves, and air handling keeps particulate levels low. Across years of production, our incident record stays clean due to regular training and straightforward practices. Drummed packaging gets double-lined; dusting is minimized to avoid accidental inhalation. For customers, we highlight that the product, once in hand, stores well in a cool, dry environment, staying stable without elaborate measures.

    Disposal generates a lot of conversation these days, with increasing attention on halogen-containing wastes. We work upstream to minimize byproducts during synthesis, which reduces the ultimate hazardous load our customers have to manage. We invest in solvent recovery and effluent treatment before anything leaves our site, since downstream compliance only gets harder if poor practices start in the plant.

    Comparing to the Competition: Not Every Salt Works the Same

    The chemical catalogs list a host of pyridinium salts, each with slightly different profiles. Some come with chloride or bromide instead of the iodide anion; others shift the methyl group or swap in bulkier substituents. We pay close attention to where the differences matter. Compared to the bromide varieties, the iodide offers better solubility in places where polar aprotic solvents dominate—an advantage not always advertised, but one we see reflected in customer repeat orders.

    Other activation salts, such as carbonyldiimidazole or triphosgene, bring their own challenges in terms of volatility, toxicity, or complex work-up. 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide skips many of these hurdles, and doesn’t produce highly toxic gas byproducts. In practice, our product’s melting point profile and lack of offensive odor make it an easier choice for busy labs or scale-up facilities aiming to lower exposure risk.

    Sometimes a customer wants the hydrochloride version, aiming for a cheaper ticket. Yet running side-by-side comparisons shows the iodide salt performs more predictably in organic media, and fewer downstream purifications are needed to strip out stubborn halide traces. This distinction comes into focus most clearly in the pharmaceutical sector, where batch rejection over difficult-to-remove contaminants hits the bottom line. These experiences show there’s value in fine-tuning the small details of a reagent, taking feedback from the bench and adjusting production methods at our end.

    Aging and Stability: Shelf Life in the Real World

    Stability matters as soon as you scale up. Our investigation into shelf life started with small samples packed under nitrogen, simulating what a customer might do on receiving a batch. Over the course of years, we checked moisture uptake, color stability, and assay drift. The results pointed to robust shelf life, provided the material stays dry and sealed. In more humid regions, we’ve seen a bit more clumping, so we started offering desiccated packaging on request.

    We found some competitors struggle with caking, a problem that complicates dosing by automated systems. The adjustments we made—both to granule size and pre-packing drying—came straight out of feedback loops with regular customers, not from theoretical speculation. Real-world shipping and storage tests guide our packaging choices, which continue to evolve as more clients switch to just-in-time ordering.

    Environmental and Regulatory Questions: Navigating an Evolving Landscape

    Every year the regulatory environment around halogenated chemicals tightens. We follow both local and import market restrictions, making sure documentation and processes meet the newest safety and disclosure rules. Customers in the EU and United States often ask for extra detail in the certificate of analysis, such as trace metal content and possible allergen risk, particularly for pharmaceutical applications.

    Our compliance team keeps a close eye on guidance from health and environmental authorities, making adjustments to allow smooth customs clearance and reduce shipment delays. We send full documentation with each batch, born out of a basic respect for downstream handlers and regulators. Missteps in documentation or trace contaminant control can shut down a shipment, waste valuable time, and lose trust. In the manufacturing world, there is no shortcut to these basics.

    Looking Ahead: Sustainability and Life Cycle Challenges

    Nobody can afford to ignore the question of sustainability. Our process development team takes hard looks at solvent choices, recycling, and energy use. We began by substituting solvents for those that could be recovered and reused across other product lines. We set up closed-cycle filtration on certain washes; over time, this has cut waste by thirty percent, measurable at the end of every fiscal quarter.

    We engage regularly with consortiums on greener synthesis, sharing experiences around step reduction and improved catalysis. Continuous process improvement is an ongoing reality, not a slogan. With 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide, our aim is to someday transition to a fully solvent-recovered process with zero hazardous effluent. As regulations ratchet up, the only way to stay ahead is to convert environmental necessity into operational opportunity. We maintain active dialogues with university partners and participate in pilot programs for emerging purification techniques.

    Responding to Feedback: Our Connection to the Lab

    Over the years, labs have shown us workarounds, tricks, and new applications for the product—stories that rarely make it into journals or marketing copy. Several groups shared protocols involving carbohydrate derivatization or specialty polymer synthesis, reporting gains in selectivity and time savings. We sent our team to see one client’s automated line after repeated questions about flow issues. On returning, we retooled the final drying stage and made slight improvements to the filter cake’s density. The next shipment ran without a hitch. Such feedback remains gold; our connections to the laboratory bench have shaped both our process controls and QA focus.

    Support teams at our end track the odd questions: storage hiccups, clumping in remote climates, unexpected color shifts. Each report leads to internal review and, often, small production tweaks. The loop between manufacturer and user stays tightest when both sides trust the details to matter. Over time, this approach creates a measurable reduction in batch rejections, streamlines reordering, and breeds a sense of partnership that too often gets lost in arms-length transactions.

    Addressing Questions of Cost and Accessibility

    As a plant-based manufacturer, cost pressures never sleep. Raw material spikes, freight disruptions, and energy prices ripple through our numbers just as surely as supply strangles at the end user’s lab. We put effort into strategic stockpiling of key starting materials to flatten supply shocks. Such steps matter when clients run time-sensitive projects and can’t wait for a fresh campaign to launch.

    Over the past decade, we have also worked to keep the price accessible, through process intensification, higher yields, and reduction of costly intermediates. Instead of chasing down minor purity bumps at any cost, we focus on tightening the main reaction and keeping post-synthesis handling efficient. For larger buyers, our logistics partners offer consolidation and staggered shipping; this supports just-in-time inventory without excess warehousing fees.

    The Future: Embracing Change and Continuous Learning

    Chemical manufacturing does not stand still. Every improvement we make with 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide reflects ongoing conversations between engineers, floor teams, and the research community. Once, production was fixed and monolithic, but now each improvement brings us closer to what customers really need—safer packaging, better flow, tighter specs, and cleaner environmental footprints.

    Through every annual review, each plant walk, and all the analysis at shift’s end, our commitment extends beyond the reactor. We see every lot as the base for another innovation at our clients’ hands. By marrying attention to plant-scale detail with an open ear to laboratory realities, we ensure our product remains a reliable tool for groundbreaking science and scalable manufacturing well beyond the factory gates.

    Customers bring us fresh challenges with every project—requests for improved granule texture, longer shelf life, higher purity, or nuanced documentation. The relationship thrives when we can deliver on those asks quickly, keeping innovation and trust at the center. In the landscape of fine chemical manufacturing, concrete feedback and consistent execution matter more than any written brochure. Our team stands by every shipment of 2-Chloro-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide, forging a link from plant to production line to finished product on the market.