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2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid

    • Product Name 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid
    • Alias Benzoic acid, 2,3-dichloro-
    • Einecs 217-457-2
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    978753

    Chemical Name 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid
    Molecular Formula C7H4Cl2O2
    Molar Mass 191.01 g/mol
    Cas Number 50-45-3
    Appearance White to off-white crystalline powder
    Melting Point 154-158°C
    Boiling Point 336°C
    Solubility In Water Slightly soluble
    Density 1.56 g/cm³
    Pka 2.66
    Smiles C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)Cl)C(=O)O
    Inchi InChI=1S/C7H4Cl2O2/c8-5-3-1-2-4(6(5)9)7(10)11/h1-3H,(H,10,11)
    Refractive Index 1.613
    Synonyms 2,3-DCBA; o,o'-Dichlorobenzoic Acid

    As an accredited 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Sealed amber glass bottle containing 100 grams of 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid, labeled with hazard warnings, product name, and lot number.
    Shipping 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid is shipped in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture and contamination. The chemical should be stored and transported in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances. Proper labeling and documentation, as required by regulations, ensure safe handling during shipping. Handle with appropriate safety precautions.
    Storage 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic acid should be stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances like strong oxidizing agents and bases. Protect the chemical from moisture and direct sunlight. Use secondary containment to prevent spills and keep it away from sources of ignition. Proper labeling and access control are essential for safe storage.
    Application of 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid

    Applications of 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid in Industrial Manufacturing

    2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid serves as a critical starting material in a range of specialized industrial sectors. As an original producer, we ensure consistent quality and tailored specifications for manufacturers requiring precise chemical inputs in advanced formulations. Below are the primary downstream fields where this material integrates into established process routes, each with distinct regulatory demands, formulation roles, plant processing steps, and end product types.

    1. Agrochemical Synthesis: Herbicide Intermediate

    This raw material acts as a key intermediate in the synthesis of selective post-emergence herbicides. Agrochemical producers use it as a core building block for active ingredients requiring chlorinated benzoic acid scaffolds, with process-specific purity and isomer control crucial for targeted crop protection products.

    Industry compliance standards

    • REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals - EU)
    • EPA Active Ingredient Review (USA)
    • GB 2763 Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food (China)
    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems (for agrochemical active ingredient manufacturing)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 10–18% of total reactant mass in multi-step synthesis; rate varies depending on desired substitution pattern and downstream functionalization steps

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced as the initial aromatic substrate in amide coupling or etherification during active ingredient assembly
    • Batch charging or continuous feeding to chlorination, alkylation, or amidation reactors
    • Product isolation before formulation into suspension or emulsifiable concentrates

    Final product types

    • Pyridinyloxyacetate herbicides (e.g., dicamba analogs)
    • Chlorinated benzoic acid-based weed control agents
    • Formulated pesticide technical concentrates

    2. Pharmaceutical Intermediate: API Side-Chain Synthesis

    In small molecule pharmaceutical manufacturing, this compound forms a critical fragment in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) side-chain construction and in certain antihypertensive precursor syntheses. API producers depend on exacting purity, low residual solvent, and trace impurity limits to meet strict cGMP standards and ensure downstream safety profiles.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)
    • USP-NF (United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary) monographs
    • European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) purity requirements
    • FDA Drug Master File (DMF) substance-specific filings

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5–2.5 equivalents relative to core scaffold, depending on targeted acylation or condensation step; final input determined after stoichiometric optimization in process R&D

    Downstream process integration

    • Activated for acid chloride formation, followed by acylation of amine substrates in cGMP-compliant reactors
    • Charged into multi-step syntheses in controlled cleanroom environments
    • Used for downstream crystallization, purification, and drying under validated process controls

    Final product types

    • Intermediates for anti-inflammatory APIs (e.g., mefenamic acid analogs)
    • Urea and sulfonamide-based antihypertensive precursors
    • Generic and branded pharmaceutical API intermediates subjected to further derivatization

    3. Dye Intermediate: Halogenated Aromatic Feedstock

    The halogenated nature of this material makes it a fundamental feedstock for azo and anthraquinone dye producers, who require precise control over substitution patterns to achieve specialty color properties. The compound is most valued for introducing defined electron-withdrawing characteristics during chromophore assembly, supporting strict batch reproducibility in technical dye formulations for textiles and plastics.

    Industry compliance standards

    • OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 (textile dye safety)
    • EN 71-3 (European toy safety standard for migration of certain elements in dyes)
    • ZDHC MRSL (Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals–Manufacturing Restricted Substances List)
    • ISO 14001 (Environmental management for colorant sectors)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 8–15% of total charge in condensation reactions for mono- or disubstituted chromophore generation; adjustment based on target color shade and intensity requirements

    Downstream process integration

    • Direct incorporation in the diazotization or coupling stage of pigment or dye synthesis
    • Input in high-shear blending setups for metal complex dye production
    • Isolated prior to sulfonation or further halogenation in modular plants

    Final product types

    • Anthraquinone and azo textile dyes for polyester and nylon fibers
    • High-performance pigments for automotive and industrial coatings
    • Plastic colorants with controlled migration profiles

    4. Material Science: Liquid Crystal Precursor

    Manufacturers of specialty liquid crystal (LC) compounds channel this acid into the synthesis of halogen-functionalized mesogenic monomers, where precise substitution patterns influence electro-optical response in thin-film devices. Stringent purity and isomeric selectivity stand at the forefront of industry adoption within LC chemistry, directly impacting downstream device uniformity and lifetime.

    Industry compliance standards

    • RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, EU) compliance
    • IEC 62321 (harmful substance content analysis in electronic materials)
    • ISO 9001:2015 (Quality assurance in advanced materials processing)
    • Japan Electrical Safety & Environment Technology Laboratories (JET) protocols for electronic components

    Typical usage ratio

    • 2–7 mol% relative to total monomer pool in mesogen synthesis; range depends on desired dielectric and birefringence properties in the final LC formulation

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced at arylation or amidation stage during high-purity liquid crystal monomer synthesis
    • Directly chlorinated or esterified under cleanroom conditions to minimize contamination risk
    • Fractional distillation and chromatographic purification before blending into LC mixtures

    Final product types

    • Twisted nematic and STN liquid crystals for display panels
    • Cholesteric liquid crystal segments for smart windows
    • Custom LC materials for high-reliability optical and photonic devices
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid: Crafting Reliability From the First Step

    Chemical manufacturing demands more than simply blending substances together. With each batch of 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid, there is a commitment to consistency and long-term partnerships. Reliable quality begins on the shop floor, where attention to detail matters. Fine control over raw materials shapes the purity and performance of every kilogram that leaves the plant.

    Model and Production Approach

    In our facilities, 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid takes shape through established production lines backed by decades of operational experience. Typically referred to in daily production and R&D as 2,3-DCBA, this chemical emerges from chlorination steps carried out under monitored conditions. These conditions make sure we achieve the correct substitution pattern, reflected in the ortho and meta positioning of chlorine atoms.

    Batch records anchor quality. Narrow temperature bands, reactor design, and selective catalyst use play significant roles. Even a small deviation magnifies at a thousand-kilogram scale. Monitoring these variables and adapting parameters became second nature after years spent troubleshooting, scaling up, and collaborating with end users who needed better control over impurities.

    Finished material leaves our site as white to off-white crystalline powder, boasting purity levels above 99% by HPLC and melting points between 147°C and 150°C, as documented through repeated internal tests. Water content seldom exceeds trace limits. Whether filling 25-kilo fiber drums or smaller sample vials, every batch number can be traced. Our team often compares impurity profiles and retention times with reference material, rejecting any lot that drifts outside agreed benchmarks.

    Usage: Beyond a Raw Material

    2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid forms the backbone of synthesis for several complex molecules. Its two chlorine atoms, attached precisely on the benzene ring, open possibilities for both nucleophilic substitution and further derivatization. Pharmaceutical chemists recognize the value of this intermediate. It finds its place in the synthesis of herbicides, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and dye precursors.

    Within agrochemical sectors, it often serves as a precursor for selected herbicidal compounds, fitting into the synthetic route due to its reactivity and selectivity. Conversations with process chemists from client companies reveal a preference for 2,3-DCBA when they need to ensure no unwanted halogen exchange occurs. The structure offers stability while remaining reactive enough for follow-up steps such as amidation or esterification.

    Some customers requested modifications to suit pilot plant runs or particular regulatory submissions. Those requests can lead to extended drying cycles, adapted particle size distribution, or additional filtration—always with documentation in place. Pharmaceutical research teams sometimes ask for analytical support, which prompts us to provide detailed chromatograms, NMR spectra, and impurity breakdowns. Beyond its obvious chemical role, these technical exchanges shape its value in innovation pipelines that build new molecular entities.

    Real-World Differences: Not All Benzoic Acids are Alike

    On paper, other dichlorobenzoic acids such as 2,4- or 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid may look quite similar. Those molecules, though, behave differently when put through chlorination or other downstream processing. For instance, 2,3-DCBA commands higher position-selectivity in forming certain pharmaceutical intermediates. Feedback from end users confirms that switching positional isomers can affect catalyst lifetimes and yield drops due to side-product formation.

    Over the years, we learned that technical sales brochures oversimplify the differences. The actual electronic and steric characteristics brought by the ortho and meta chlorine substituents in 2,3-DCBA enable more controllable reactivity. Whether it’s faster coupling in Suzuki-type reactions or stable bond formation in direct amination, added value surfaces when clients report fewer purification challenges.

    A simple assay or identity test rarely reveals these subtleties; actual synthetic trials do. One customer in the agricultural industry reported that unwanted regioisomers persistently appeared in crop protection intermediates when using 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid. Replacing it with 2,3-DCBA led to a notable reduction in column runs and wash cycles, lowering both cost and solvent volumes. That sort of difference can only surface through honest discussion and shared experience.

    Supporting Technical Innovation

    Chemical intermediates never stand still. As researchers seek novel APIs or crop protection products, the foundational building blocks must keep up. In the labs and pilot plants, 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid frequently gets evaluated for emerging applications—from complex heterocycle syntheses to new linkage types with chiral auxiliaries. Keeping pace with evolving industry trends means our staff clean glassware, calibrate analytical instruments, and solve supply challenges well before samples ship out.

    Researchers at client firms often value openness in discussing raw material variability. Trace metals, even at a few ppm, sometimes affect downstream activity. Water content can influence crystallization steps in multi-stage synthesis. As a team, we spent years reviewing not just the purity certificate but in examining how behavioral tendencies in filtration, drying, or solubility inform each customer’s process. Detailed feedback loops drive incremental improvements, which echo in increased lot-to-lot reliability.

    Some development projects revolve around optimization—process engineers call with questions on batch scalability, or about limits on residual solvents like dichloromethane or toluene. Providing specific details from our production allows their processes to run more smoothly. Other times, customers facing new regulatory demands require trackable documentation for every batch constituent, well before global filings move ahead. Supporting those efforts means documenting what goes into each barrel, every time.

    Managing Quality and Consistency

    Consistency takes constant vigilance. Instead of only relying on final analysis, quality resides in every phase—from selecting suppliers of monochlorobenzene to choosing hydrochloric acid grades for controlled chlorination. Inspections of incoming raw material batches, tank sampling, and barcode tracking reinforce the tight standards. We built dedicated reactor lines to minimize cross-contamination, since traces from earlier reactions could lead to color impurities or unexpected side products.

    Real incidents shape our methods. Several years ago, an unnoticed supplier change in sodium hydroxide led to a barely detectable impurity. Though still within specification, the issue prompted corrective steps: more frequent supplier audits, additional cleaning validation, and introducing ICP-MS scans to monitor trace metals. This hands-on problem-solving, rather than simply following inherited SOPs, delivers confidence to our partners using 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid at various scales.

    Internal cross-functional meetings ensure feedback from the shop floor reaches our laboratory and management teams. Minor suggestions from operators, such as adjusting cooling rates during crystallization, sometimes result in noticeable gains in yield or color. Getting those voices into monthly reviews remains a point of pride for our technical leadership.

    Environmental and Regulatory Considerations

    Responsible manufacturing calls for more than meeting current legal requirements. Many markets today hold extra scrutiny over the environmental impact from chemical plants. Chlorinated aromatics, including 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid, face regulatory reviews for potential downstream persistence. Operating in this context means investing in careful waste treatment, emission controls, and regular internal reviews.

    Within the plant, process modifications over the years reduced hazardous effluent discharge by increasing recovery and recycling of solvents. Installations of multi-stage scrubbers cut down HCl and VOC emissions below national thresholds. We underwent frequent audits from both government agencies and international customers—always ready to show full documentation.

    Product stewardship doesn’t end at our gates. Logistics partners—those hauling product drums to ports or industrial users—must keep up with safe handling and spill response protocols. Alongside product supply, our specialists speak with downstream firms about labeling requirements, reach out regarding new regulatory filings, and advise on sustainable disposal methods for process residues. It’s a team-wide commitment, helped by industry forums and partnerships that share emerging guidance and compliance tools.

    Supply Chain Reliability: Focusing on the Long Haul

    Rapid changes in global markets test every supply chain. One year might see a bumper crop of requests from agrochemical firms, while the next year, pharmaceutical clients reorder at different frequencies. Long-term contracts, flexible drum sizes, and forward warehousing help maintain steady supply. Even during supply crunches or force majeure events, open lines of communication between us and downstream users make the difference.

    Real supply assurance goes beyond posting inventory numbers. It means staying transparent when unpredictable changes hit, such as port closures or raw material delays. Our procurement team works closely with reliable sources for basic starting materials. Keeping extra inventory at strategic points allows quick responses to surges. There’s pride in being able to fill emergency sample requests or to meet off-cycle production runs because contingency stock exists.

    For customers scaling up from lab to pilot to full-manufacturing, we provide continuity—matching analytical methods, keeping packaging options consistent, and updating registration dossiers as standards evolve. These processes require familiarity with both compliance demands and operational timelines, shaped by years of direct experience in supporting customers through multiple phase changes.

    Listening and Responding to Customers

    Experience shows that nearly every sizable process improvement grew from genuine customer feedback. Whether hearing about trouble with a particulate filter or discolored product in a blended intermediate, teams on the ground take these issues seriously. Open lines—offering a direct route to technical managers, not just sales—help address both major hurdles and small adjustments. Sometimes simple tweaks in drying time, or advice on pre-dilution, cut customer downtime in half.

    Manufacturing isn’t static. Unanticipated issues arise: batch delays, changes in specification, shifting regulatory focus. Customers benefit when suppliers not only admit when things go wrong but work collaboratively to fix them. Over the years, this approach led to sustained business and, occasionally, to new development collaborations born from mutual respect and shared technical language.

    In the world of specialty chemicals, everyday production reality—raw material purchase, process variable control, equipment calibration, and follow-up support—defines ultimate product utility and trustworthiness. For 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid, this path has built a strong foundation with an ever-evolving set of applications.

    Conclusion: Setting Standards Through Experience

    The difference between simply “supplying” 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid and supporting its journey from raw material to finished product shows up in technical rigor and willingness to solve problems shoulder-to-shoulder with customers. Every manufacturing run brings lessons that feed back into better process control and cleaner product. Knowing the actual impact of small variances in water, trace metals, or particle size means real-world performance never gets left to chance.
    Conversations with industry partners, attention to detail in the plant, and commitment to reliable documentation define our day-to-day work. As new applications emerge and expectations rise, our team stands ready to adapt, keeping 2,3-Dichlorobenzoic Acid not just as a page in a catalog, but as a reliable partner in scientific and commercial progress.