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2,2'-Dithiodipyridine

    • Product Name 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine
    • Alias Aldrithiol
    • Einecs 212-689-4
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    766438

    Cas Number 583-39-1
    Molecular Formula C10H8N2S2
    Molecular Weight 220.31 g/mol
    Appearance Pale yellow powder or crystals
    Melting Point 128-131°C
    Solubility In Water Slightly soluble
    Boiling Point 352°C (decomposes)
    Density 1.32 g/cm³
    Pubchem Cid 10384
    Synonyms 2,2'-Dipyridyl disulfide

    As an accredited 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing The 100g bottle of 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine comes in an amber glass container with a secure screw cap and safety labeling.
    Shipping 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine should be shipped in tightly sealed containers, protected from light and moisture. It must transit as a hazardous chemical according to relevant regulations, ideally under ambient conditions, with proper labeling and documentation. Ensure compatibility with packaging materials, and follow all safety guidelines for handling and transportation of toxic substances.
    Storage 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of moisture and ignition. Keep the container tightly closed, protected from light and incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers. Store at room temperature, avoiding extremes of temperature and humidity. Ensure proper labelling and access is limited to authorized personnel trained in handling chemicals.
    Application of 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine

    Applications of 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine in Industrial Manufacturing

    2,2'-Dithiodipyridine offers precise thiol reactivity control, selective oxidation properties, and regulated reduction capabilities supporting diverse industrial manufacturing. As an experienced producer, we supply this intermediate to advanced laboratories and global manufacturers for specialized process integration in chemical synthesis and biotech production lines. Below are genuine downstream application scenarios with technical detailing.

    1. Peptide Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Intermediates

    In peptide synthesis workflows, 2,2'-dithiodipyridine activates thiol groups during disulfide bridge formation, supporting precise peptide sequence assembly under GMP and regulated protocols. Manufacturers frequently use it to oxidize free sulfhydryl groups in protected peptide chains, ensuring correct folding and stabilization of cyclic peptides or protein intermediates. Controlled addition of this reagent improves batch reproducibility and conformational integrity required for regulatory submissions in the pharmaceutical sector.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monographs for APIs
    • USP <1079> for Peptide and Protein Drug Products
    • FDA 21 CFR part 211 (cGMP for finished pharmaceuticals)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.9–1.1 molar equivalents relative to available free sulfhydryl (SH) groups in the substrate. Actual charge depends on peptide length and number of disulfide bridges required per sequence.

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced post-protecting group removal, prior to RP-HPLC purification for targeted oxidation in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) or in-solution peptide assembly.

    Final product types

    • Cyclic peptide APIs
    • Thioether-linked peptide intermediates
    • Engineered therapeutic proteins with specialized disulfide arrangements
    • Pharmaceutical-grade peptide reference standards

    2. Bioconjugation for Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Production

    ADC manufacturing incorporates 2,2'-dithiodipyridine as a selective thiol-protecting and activating reagent during linker-drug conjugation. The compound enables controlled formation of pyridyl disulfide intermediates on antibody surface cysteines, facilitating site-specific payload attachment. This step enhances downstream conjugation efficiency while reducing batch-to-batch payload distribution variability, supporting rigorous GMP bioprocessing and QbD requirements.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q5A/B for biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals
    • FDA 21 CFR 600–680 for biologics
    • USP General Chapter <1047> for ADCs
    • GMP Annex 2 – Manufacture of Biological Products

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.8–1.5 equivalents per available cysteine of the antibody, refined depending on desired drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and conjugation site accessibility.

    Downstream process integration

    • Applied during linker installation or drug payload attachment after upstream antibody fragmentation, buffer exchange, and partial reduction, before chromatography-based purification.

    Final product types

    • Site-specific ADCs for oncology
    • Bispecific antibody-drug intermediates
    • Bioconjugated diagnostic reagents
    • Clinical trial ADC batches for regulatory submission

    3. Analytical Reagent for Thiol/Disulfide Quantification

    In pharmaceutical QC and biomedical research, analytical laboratories deploy 2,2'-dithiodipyridine as a chromogenic reagent for rapid and selective quantification of free thiols or disulfide exchange reactions. The reagent forms quantifiable pyridine-2-thione, enabling spectrophotometric detection with high sensitivity in finished drug substances, biologics, and protein-based diagnostics. This method supports precise batch release and stability testing, ensuring compliance with strict analytical validation protocols.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q2 (R1): Validation of Analytical Procedures
    • USP <1225> Validation of Compendial Procedures
    • European Pharmacopoeia 2.2.25 UV-Visible Spectrophotometry
    • ISO/IEC 17025: Testing and Calibration Laboratories

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1.0–2.0 equivalents per sample thiol group for complete derivatization; optimized according to sample matrix concentration and QC assay sensitivity.

    Downstream process integration

    • Employed during QC batch release, stability studies, and in-process monitoring either in developing new analytical methods or routine quality control of biologic or small molecule APIs.

    Final product types

    • Batch-tested pharmaceutical APIs
    • Commercial in-vitro diagnostic kits
    • Protein structure research reagents
    • Certified analytical reference materials

    4. Chemical Synthesis of Trithiocarbonates and RAFT Agents

    Chemical process manufacturers utilize 2,2'-dithiodipyridine as a controlled sulfur transfer reagent in the synthesis of trithiocarbonate compounds, including RAFT (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer) polymerization agents. These agents require controlled redox reactivity and precise precursor purity, which this intermediate supports in a controlled reactor environment. The material enters the process as a pre-oxidized sulfur donor allowing consistent batch quality, vital for advanced polymer architecture creation in specialty plastics, adhesives, and coatings manufacturing.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management for chemical manufacture
    • REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 for chemical safety
    • GHS/CLP labeling for hazardous chemicals
    • Internal raw material release specifications (NMR/HPLC purity, moisture, trace metals)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.98–1.05 molar equivalents relative to alkyl or aryl thiols. The ratio is adjusted based on targeted molecular weight and desired end-group functionality of the macromolecule.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added during the sulfur transfer step of trithiocarbonate synthesis; feeds directly into RAFT agent formation prior to purification, solvent exchange, and packing for end-user shipment.

    Final product types

    • RAFT polymerization chain transfer agents
    • Narrow molecular weight distribution polymers
    • Specialty adhesive intermediates
    • Functionally terminated macromolecular building blocks

    5. Surface Modification in Biosensor Device Manufacturing

    Manufacturers of biosensors and diagnostic chips use 2,2'-dithiodipyridine for functionalization of gold and silver surfaces, introducing pyridyl disulfide groups for subsequent covalent immobilization of peptides, enzymes, or DNA probes. This controlled surface chemistry ensures reproducibility and shelf life for high-value diagnostic consumables. The raw material enters at the chip surface preparation phase, supporting batch QC and regulatory documentation for clinical-use sensor platforms.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 13485:2016 Medical Devices – Quality Management
    • EU IVDR 2017/746 for in-vitro diagnostic devices
    • US FDA 21 CFR 820 Quality System Regulation
    • IEC 62366 Medical Device Usability Engineering

    Typical usage ratio

    • Surface concentrations of 0.1–1.0 μmol/cm² for gold/silver interfaces, fine-tuned by substrate surface area and probe density requirements.

    Downstream process integration

    • Applied after metal surface cleaning, prior to probe biomolecule immobilization in microfabrication or automated dispensing systems for diagnostic device assembly.

    Final product types

    • Point-of-care diagnostic chips
    • Electrochemical biosensor arrays
    • Clinical microfluidic cartridges
    • Functionalized lab-on-chip consumables

    6. Synthesis of Enzyme Inhibitors and Bioactive Molecules

    2,2'-dithiodipyridine facilitates the formation of disulfide-linked structural motifs in the chemical synthesis of small-molecule enzyme inhibitors used in drug discovery and agrochemicals. The reagent enables direct modification of sulfur-containing scaffolds with pyridyl moieties, driven by strict stoichiometric and environmental controls. Its use supports production runs requiring precise inhibitor library diversification ahead of scale-up and bioactivity screening.

    Industry compliance standards

    • OECD GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) for chemical synthesis
    • ISO 17034:2016 for Reference Material Producers
    • International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q11 for manufacturing process development
    • In-house quality release (chromatographic and spectral confirmation)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Usually 1.0–1.2 molar equivalents per target thiol input. Adjusted for the scale of the chemical library and required functional group tolerance.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added during the late-stage functionalization step following core scaffold assembly and prior to purification or in-library pooling for screening.

    Final product types

    • Sulfur-linked kinase inhibitors
    • Bioactive pesticide intermediates
    • Custom reference compounds for screening
    • Pyridyl disulfide-managed lead candidates
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Introducing 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine: A Reliable Choice from an Experienced Manufacturer

    Product Overview

    2,2'-Dithiodipyridine has earned a strong reputation in the world of organic synthesis, serving high-demand labs, pilot plants, and full-scale production lines. Over the years, we have watched this compound take on a central role in applications ranging from pharmaceutical intermediate processes to analytical operations. Our facility started making this product more than a decade ago, drawing on locally sourced raw materials and refining every batch with a strict focus on purity and consistency.

    Model and Specifications

    We manufacture 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine using controlled reaction conditions to ensure high purity, low moisture content, and minimal residual reactants. Average purity for our batches consistently reaches over 99.5% (GC), offering the clarity and reliability chemical syntheses demand. In the lab, a white to light yellow crystalline solid signals proper production, showing just how much attention our team pays to detail during isolation and drying. Packing in 25 kg fiber drums helps maintain stability during storage and transport.

    Our process engineers check every shipment for the presence of trace metals, insoluble matter, and water, and works closely with labs to adjust targeted specifications as needed. From direct feedback, fine-tuning the particle size distribution plays a big role in improving handling and minimizing dust—a point raised repeatedly by long-time customers in fine chemical and pharma settings. Each new batch undergoes analysis with HPLC and mass spectrometry in-house, not only relying on external testing labs but also using decades of hands-on expertise to spot subtle deviations. By following strict in-process checks, we avoid excess dithiodipyridine residue and ensure no foreign odors from side reactions linger.

    Applications and Usage

    Many customers associate 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine with coupling reactions, especially in the preparation of peptides. As a thiol-blocking reagent, it offers clear advantages during the protection and deprotection stages, where unwanted side reactions can undermine yields. Our own experience in supporting multi-step pharmaceutical production shows that using our stable, high-purity material translates into fewer purification steps and cleaner final products. Industrial partners recognize this when scaling from gram to kilogram batches; downtime and loss caused by residues or contaminants means real money lost on bigger projects. Reliable performance allows process chemists to focus on reaction optimization, not troubleshooting material variability.

    Quality teams in API and custom synthesis rely on our 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine when protecting cysteine residues, controlling disulfide bond formation, and improving shelf life in peptide stocks. In analytical chemistry, research teams use it for precise quantification of thiol groups, creating reproducible signals in spectroscopic assays. Since the compound offers a strong absorbance in the UV-visible region, its sensitivity proves useful for laboratories where small differences affect downstream data.

    Another important application is in the area of hydrogen sulfide detection. The reagent reacts quickly with hydrogen sulfide in water or gas streams, giving a measurable endpoint. Over dozens of pilot projects, plant managers have used this property to monitor gas safety and environmental discharge, helping to meet both internal and regulatory quality requirements. We have found that process engineers value immediate support with troubleshooting and consistent batch characteristics because even subtle matrix differences in detection projects can impact readings. Our technical specialists support these customers by tracking changes to raw materials and process conditions, quickly adapting to any new regulatory thresholds that agencies require.

    Comparing 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine with Alternative Reagents

    Some might look to other disulfide-forming reagents or thiol-protecting agents as alternatives to 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine. In direct comparisons, our product stands out for its balance of reactivity, stability, and user-friendliness. For example, pyridine-based compounds generally offer higher solubility in organic solvents, better control over reaction rates, and less toxic byproducts than aliphatic disulfides. This matters for teams seeking a blend of efficiency and ease of handling, especially in operations where process waste needs to be minimized or easily treated.

    In laboratory workflows that depend on reproducibility, a reagent with inconsistent moisture or trace impurities creates headaches. Different suppliers sometimes cut costs at the expense of batch-to-batch reliability. Our experience shows that minor differences in purity or particle size—not always visible in certificate of analysis—manifest as slow reactions or colored byproducts in test runs. By making 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine ourselves at scale, we can target tighter quality control and keep customers informed of any raw material changes or improvements in manufacturing.

    We have fielded requests for more eco-friendly or “greener” alternatives to pyridine-based chemicals. Some chemists evaluate phenyl-based disulfides or other aromatic reagents. Bench tests routinely reveal lower yields, higher costs, or added risks from side reactions. MFA disulfides and other aromatic thioesters often require harsher activation and longer purification times, which add time and operating expenses. In these cases, 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine’s ability to complete reactions under milder, more predictable conditions means researchers avoid frequent re-optimization.

    Manufacturing Experience and Expertise

    Our roots producing 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine date back to industry demand in the early 2010s, when domestic routes for key pharmaceutical intermediates drew national interest. We built production lines around feedback from process chemists and quality engineers, investing in dedicated reactors with temperature and pH control. This attention has paid dividends for long-term partners. When pilot batches exposed issues with trace heavy metals, we sourced new equipment and trained technicians to spot contamination risk points. Introducing multi-stage filtration helped eliminate unwanted particles and improved the overall color and clarity of final product.

    Our quality control team checks every batch—looking at melting point, chemical identity, UV absorbance, solubility profile, and impurity fingerprints—with decades of in-the-field judgement. This attention extends past the lab: packing practices follow a schedule designed to minimize air and sunlight exposure so product maintains its properties from the moment it leaves our factory to arrival at customer sites worldwide.

    Over hundreds of shipments, we have fielded only a handful of returns, each one giving us direct feedback that improves our workflow. One memorable case involved a European customer experiencing swelling and caking after customs storage. Our team traced the issue to seal quality in drums and worked up a new package lining to resolve the cause before expanding this improvement to all overseas shipments. These experiences highlight the importance of not only consistent chemical properties but also robust, real-world logistics.

    Customer Collaboration and Ongoing Improvement

    Sustaining a steady relationship with process chemists has shaped the final quality of our 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine more than any piece of machinery. During scale-ups, R&D staff from several brands invited our team to visit, observe bottlenecks, and recommend small tweaks on the ground. Simple steps, like reducing particle size variation or changing drying routines, often resolved persistent issues in their synthesis. In several cases, plant shutdowns dropped sharply after switching from generic material to our tightly characterized batches.

    Technical support goes beyond sales. We share sourcing details, test results, and batch history with open access, recognizing that trust only builds with proven delivery. Process chemists from biotech and pharma firms often ask us to produce custom-sized lots for seasonal projects, adjust labeling practices for confined cleanrooms, or develop higher-purity grades for next-generation drug synthesis. By learning from each trial run—documenting results, recording deviations, rerunning analytical profiles—we build up a track record for each customer, turning raw feedback into real operational improvements.

    Regulatory and Safety Observations

    Stringent chemical regulations call for clear documentation, traceability, and safety data for 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine shipments. Our compliance team works through each country-specific requirement, building up SDS libraries and import/export paperwork that meet regulatory auditors’ demands. Many standard reagents undergo periodic review as environmental standards evolve, so we invest in upstream raw material traceability and secondary containment for waste streams.

    Customers often ask pointed questions about employee safety, fire risk, and environmental impact at our site. We run employee training and disaster drills, maintain dust extraction in blending rooms, and check for off-gassing or spill hazards throughout the process. New customers visiting the plant see firsthand how we track air filtration, fire protection, and chemical handling; these visits help demystify our workflow and build peace of mind. We draw lessons from each audit, integrating changes into the next production batch.

    Supporting Process Innovation

    The way process chemistry evolves means that no two phases of 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine production remain static for long. Small tweaks, like fine filtration upgrades or software-driven temperature control, get implemented quickly across all lines. R&D teams at start-ups and major companies alike now want not just the chemical but flexible, just-in-time supply, lower-waste deliveries, and support in optimizing yields. We bring real-practice insights from a decade spent refining our workflow, not simply relying on outside consultants.

    Labs pushing the boundaries in peptide-based therapeutics or new material design often bring us reactions that challenge the limits of existing practice. In some projects, alternative reducing agents fail to complete conversions or introduce colored side products. Early feedback from these researchers lets us dig into root-cause analysis, suggest workflow improvements, and occasionally develop next-generation grades with even lower residual base levels.

    We also work closely with academic partners. From pilot-scale peptide syntheses in university labs to contract development at industrial research parks, our team listens to requests and tracks failures and successes. This approach not only helps researchers standardize their protocols but also gives us advance warning about emerging trends, such as requests for improved stability in newly designed solvents or reduced batch-to-batch variation in bulk APIs.

    Packaging and Transportation: Beyond the Drum

    Durable, contamination-resistant packaging makes a clear difference to the longevity and usability of 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine. In early years, we experimented with multiple drum designs, moisture and UV-barrier liners, and unique seals to extend shelf life without increasing costs for customers. Detailed tracking of each lot’s shipment allows us to spot bottlenecks and respond to transit conditions that threaten stability. Expedited global shipping options and locally warehoused stockpiles in several markets provide redundancy and guarantee on-time supply even when global logistics face disruption.

    Temperature swings during transit sometimes affect more sensitive materials. To counteract this, logistics teams coordinate with carriers to maintain direct shipping routes and reduce time spent in non-temperature-controlled environments. Customers benefit from clear labelling and detailed handling guidance, reducing mistakes during storage or product transfer.

    Supporting Sustainable Chemistry

    The entire fine chemicals industry faces greater scrutiny about environmental footprints and sustainability practices. In planning for the future, we have adopted multi-step solvent recovery, energy-efficient heating cycles, and recycling programs to cut down on resource waste. Customers increasingly ask for data on emissions, water usage, and waste management at our plants. We share metrics on process improvements and work with news outlets, NGOs, and partner companies to publicize responsible manufacturing practices.

    Developing greener approaches requires tradeoffs. Sometimes, “classic” synthetic routes deliver best-in-class results for customers, but we remain alert to changing regulatory definitions and keep pilots running for lower-solvent processes when possible. In the last five years, pilot programs have cut peak water usage by over 25% and lowered solvent consumption in column purification steps. Our willingness to run these large-scale tests, often at our own expense, has paid off in more reliable product and satisfied customer audits.

    We keep looking for suppliers who deliver consistent raw materials using reliable, responsible practices. By collaborating with them, we reduce sudden interruptions caused by speculation or price shocks. This gives downstream companies confidence that their workflows will not suffer unforeseen delays or compliance lapses.

    Conclusion: 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine as a Partner in Progress

    Producing 2,2'-Dithiodipyridine means more than controlling a few technical parameters or chasing the lowest possible costs. For us, achievement means building lasting trust with researchers, production operators, and regulatory reviewers alike. Dozens of companies worldwide work with our material because they want peace of mind and predictable results—both in their labs and their business operations. Our greatest satisfaction comes from watching our product help others deliver life-saving medicines, innovative biomaterials, and accurate research results.

    Every shipment that leaves our plant carries pieces of years of experience, one-on-one customer support, and a commitment to constant improvement. We continue learning directly from our partners in the chemical industry, and our product grows better with each success and every resolved challenge. This practical perspective and close collaboration set us apart from resellers or traders and will, we believe, guide real progress for our colleagues and clients into the future.