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2,2-Dichloroacetophenone

    • Product Name 2,2-Dichloroacetophenone
    • Alias Chloroketone
    • Einecs 204-071-3
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    873199

    Chemical Name 2,2-Dichloroacetophenone
    Molecular Formula C8H6Cl2O
    Molar Mass 189.04 g/mol
    Cas Number 89-98-5
    Appearance White to pale yellow crystalline solid
    Boiling Point 265-267 °C
    Melting Point 52-54 °C
    Density 1.36 g/cm3
    Solubility In Water Slightly soluble
    Iupac Name 2,2-dichloro-1-phenylethan-1-one

    As an accredited 2,2-Dichloroacetophenone factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Amber glass bottle containing 25 grams of 2,2-Dichloroacetophenone; labeled with hazard symbols and detailed safety/treatment instructions.
    Shipping 2,2-Dichloroacetophenone is shipped as a hazardous chemical under proper regulatory guidelines. It is packaged in tightly sealed containers, often in glass or suitable plastic, placed within secondary containment. Clearly labeled with hazard warnings, the shipment complies with UN, DOT, and IATA regulations to ensure safety during transit and storage.
    Storage 2,2-Dichloroacetophenone should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and bases. Store away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition. Clearly label the container, and handle it using appropriate personal protective equipment. Use secondary containment to prevent spills and minimize exposure risks.
    Application of 2,2-Dichloroacetophenone

    Applications of 2,2-Dichloroacetophenone in Industrial Manufacturing

    As a manufacturer specializing in aromatic ketones, we supply 2,2-dichloroacetophenone to qualified industrial customers engaged in downstream synthesis. Our product’s purity, batch consistency, and traceability align with both regulatory and application-driven requirements in advanced synthesis environments. Explore detailed segmentations relevant to this raw material’s practical usage below.

    1. Pharmaceutical Intermediate Synthesis for Anticonvulsant APIs

    Pharmaceutical companies and CDMOs use 2,2-dichloroacetophenone primarily as a building block in multi-step synthesis of anticonvulsants and related bulk actives. Its electrophilic carbonyl and dual activated positions allow precise integration in intermediate stages, particularly in processes requiring halogenated acetophenones to create functionalized aromatic scaffolds. Consistent quality, absence of trace metals, and low residual solvents are critical for downstream pharmaceutical use and regulatory compliance.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • EU EudraLex Volume 4 Part II requirements
    • Relevant USP/EP/JP monographs (according to downstream API registration)
    • REACH registration and substance traceability for EU supply

    Typical usage ratio

    • Commonly 1–1.5 molar equivalents relative to linking reagent, adjusted by target intermediate; secondary reagent loading and waste minimization guide the ratio.

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged during Stage 2 or 3 of stepwise synthesis, following aromatic substitution or metalation of precursor substrates.

    Final product types

    • Pharmaceutical intermediate substances for anticonvulsant and CNS-targeting APIs (e.g., lamotrigine synthesis routes)
    • Active pharmaceutical ingredients after further modification and purification downstream

    2. Advanced Agrochemical Active Ingredient Manufacturing

    Agrochemical formulators and contract manufacturers employ 2,2-dichloroacetophenone as a key ketone substrate in developing halogenated aromatic intermediates for herbicide and fungicide actives. Its dichloro-substitution enables targeted electronic effects, influencing downstream ring-closure and nitration reactions. Stringent trace contaminant controls ensure suitability for crops and environmental discharge streams.

    Industry compliance standards

    • FAO/WHO Technical Guidelines for Active Ingredient Synthesis
    • ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems
    • European Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 on plant protection products
    • China GB 2763 residue standards (when used for domestic registration)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.8–1.4 equivalents, varied by chain-length of co-reactant and downstream yield targets; process engineers optimize ratio for cost and efficacy balance.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added post-nitration or prior to cyclization in synthesis of triazole or phenoxy herbicide intermediates; handled via jacketed reaction vessels with precise temperature control.

    Final product types

    • Herbicidal active ingredients (e.g., dichloroacetophenone-derived triazoles or ketone-linked benzimidazoles)
    • Fungicide precursors introduced in field-use formulations

    3. Synthesis of Speciality Dyes and Pigment Precursors

    Leading dye and pigment manufacturers utilize 2,2-dichloroacetophenone to manufacture complex aromatic dye intermediates, especially where dichloro-acylation confers specific shade or fixation properties. Purity, color index, and low halogen residue play major roles in meeting finished pigment standards for textiles, plastics, and coatings. The raw material’s chemical structure facilitates controlled Friedel-Crafts acylation followed by condensation to form chromophoric systems.

    Industry compliance standards

    • OEKO-TEX Standard 100 (for textile-related pigments)
    • ISO 9001/14001 compliance for pigment production and environmental management
    • ECHA REACH Annex XVII for restricted substances
    • GHS labeling and downstream MSDS documentation

    Typical usage ratio

    • Usage typically falls in the 0.35–0.6 molar equivalents range, adjusted for target chromophore intensity and batch yield after process validation.

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced during controlled acylation on aromatic precursors, sequenced prior to azo coupling or condensation steps; strict temperature and catalyst monitoring applied.

    Final product types

    • Speciality aryl dyes, intermediates for VAT/extractive dyes
    • Coloring agents for technical plastics and textile processing

    4. Chemical Synthesis of Tear Gas Formulations (Law Enforcement Use)

    Law enforcement and defense contractors require 2,2-dichloroacetophenone for the direct formulation of lachrymatory agents, known for their rapid and effective impact in riot control products. Compliance with export controls, batch traceability, and tox profile documentation is critical, as is the detailed management of the substance through closed reaction systems up to device-filling operations.

    Industry compliance standards

    • Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) reporting and export tracking
    • U.S. CWC (Chemical Weapons Convention) regulations (where applicable)
    • Hazardous Materials Transportation standards (49 CFR in the U.S.)
    • Local export control and restricted use permits per end-user jurisdiction

    Typical usage ratio

    • Formulated at 16–22% weight/weight in dispersed tear gas cartridges; concentration tailored to dispersal performance and regulation of "less-lethal" classifications.

    Downstream process integration

    • Blended into solvent or propellant systems following intermediate synthesis; transferred via closed filling line for riot control spray and grenade production.

    Final product types

    • Tear gas munitions (hand grenades, aerosols, pyrotechnic cartridges)
    • Law enforcement riot control devices supplied to authorized agencies

    5. Research Reagent and Fine Chemical Synthesis

    Academic institutes, CROs, and fine chemical labs utilize this substrate for elaborating halogenated building blocks in research-scale syntheses, SAR (structure-activity relationship) studies, and probe molecule projects. Batches must be accompanied by detailed COA, impurity profile, and secure packaging tailored for research handling, with purity often exceeding 99% on request.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 17034 Reference Material Producer accreditation (for analytical supply chains)
    • GHS/CLP labeling and transport compliance for research chemicals
    • University and institutional hazardous chemical documentation requirements
    • Local chemical safety board/risk assessment frameworks

    Typical usage ratio

    • Quantitative: 0.05–2 mmol in research protocols; scale aligns with synthesis reaction plan and downstream analytical screening requirements.

    Downstream process integration

    • Dosed into initial or intermediate stages of small-molecule synthesis, fragment coupling, or halogenated analog development for screening libraries.

    Final product types

    • Reference standard compounds for LC/MS and GC/MS libraries
    • Experimental probe molecules and SAR analogues
    • Research intermediates for medicinal and material chemistry
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    2,2-Dichloroacetophenone: Experience at the Core of Reliable Chemical Manufacturing

    A Thorough Introduction from the Production Floor

    For manufacturers, 2,2-dichloroacetophenone stands out as a specialty intermediate, and in our years synthesizing this compound, its reputation for reliability stays consistent. Delivering on purity and uniform consistency are not just claims; they reflect the attention to detail we apply in every batch. Most of the regular orders from long-time customers come from businesses who already know what 2,2-dichloroacetophenone can achieve in their processes. We continue to supply them because the results match what their lines and researchers expect. Experience in using this chemical, combined with regular feedback from the processing end-users, has shaped how we approach its manufacture and documentation.

    A Closer Look at Specifications

    In the typical chemical plant, 2,2-dichloroacetophenone arises as a pale yellow to white crystalline solid, melting in the range that best supports handling and downstream processing. Our facility keeps the melting point in the range between 52°C and 56°C. That consistency isn’t achieved by chance; it owes plenty to strict monitoring during every synthesis run. Molecular weight and purity both matter, especially for users in research, pharmaceuticals, and synthesis labs. We keep the purity above 98% based on GC analysis, which matches what high-end research and specialty formulation teams request. In analytical feedback, we see that trace impurities, even on the small scale, can ruin a whole run for a customer. Taking care at this point avoids waste for our partners further along the chain.

    How Production Approaches Have Evolved

    Making 2,2-dichloroacetophenone requires more than just following a recipe. Setting up the chloride source, operating solvent lines, and controlling the exotherm all take a practiced hand. Years ago, production lots often showed wider variation in melting point and sometimes a faint side odor—both of which would signal trouble for specialty users relying on spectral clarity. We have upgraded our reaction monitoring over time, even adding batch-wise in-process checks to catch out-of-range pH or incomplete chlorination. This level of insight only comes from day-in, day-out practice on the floor. Poor temperature or pressure control yields a less-pure batch, which costs us time to purify and frustrates repeat buyers. Whenever we see issues in a lot, our team traces the origin in the logbook, from raw material source down to the timing on the reaction controllers. This culture of incremental improvements keeps our product reputation strong.

    Why Users Rely on 2,2-Dichloroacetophenone

    In industrial chemistry, 2,2-dichloroacetophenone lands in a unique spot. For certain synthesis routes, especially when aiming to introduce dichloro phenyl moieties, this structure answers a need that other chlorinated acetophenones just can’t. Its role as a building block emerges in the synthesis of more complex aromatic compounds, specialty pharmaceuticals, and organochlorine molecules. In conversations with both process chemists and R&D labs, we see it repeatedly selected for reactions that need a predictable electrophilic carbonyl substituted with strong electron-withdrawing chloro groups. Our partners choose it because the balance of reactivity and stability meets their process needs, whether carrying out substitutions, reductions, or more intricate chemical transformations.

    Utilization in Chemical Synthesis

    We supply this material chiefly in 25-kg drums, tightly sealed under nitrogen for maximum shelf life. That packaging keeps it dry and pure right to the point where chemists receive it. A batch of 2,2-dichloroacetophenone is usually dissolved and then run through further transformations. It shows its strengths in the Friedel-Crafts acylation, Grignard additions, and for preparing more specialized intermediates. Because consistency is everything during scale-up, synthesis teams have commented that our regular product profile saves weeks in process qualification. Nobody wants to rebuild an analytical method for every lot. That regularity comes from years of refining our reaction conditions and matching output to documentation.

    Differences from Other Chlorinated Acetophenones

    Customers sometimes ask about how 2,2-dichloroacetophenone differs from its isomers and analogues. The answer lies both in its structure and performance in real-world conditions. Compared to its mono-chlorinated or 4,4-dichloro relatives, the 2,2-configuration brings both the electron withdrawing power and steric hindrance needed for certain coupling or substitution strategies. We see buyers running pilot-scale trials side by side, reporting back that the isomers yield lower conversions or more difficult isolations. In our own pilot line, attempts to substitute nearby analogues in key synthesis steps often require harsher conditions or result in decreased yields. In a downstream process for a custom aromatic lactone, only 2,2-dichloroacetophenone delivers the needed selectivity for the cyclization. This kind of evidence isn’t hypothetical—it shapes what we hold in stock and what we recommend to formulation customers.

    Feedback Shapes How We Work

    User feedback isn’t an afterthought—our plant personnel and technical team listen closely to the real-world results our customers share. One pharmaceutical partner needed a lower water content for a critical condensation. Taking action at the crystallization step and managing the wash solvent cut down the final moisture. Another research team flagged a trace contaminant on GC; we worked back through our extraction process, pinpointed a possible source, and eliminated it in the next series of runs. This level of engagement is what strengthens long-term trust in our product. Phone calls and site visits often reveal small gaps in expectations; fixing those teaches our team more than any off-the-shelf “best practices” ever could.

    Safety in Real Handling

    Manufacturing and handling 2,2-dichloroacetophenone bring their own realities. The dust causes a strong reaction in the nose and eyes—our operators take sensible measures, using air handling and sealed transfers, not just because the law requires it but because comfort and safety in daily handling really matter. In loading and unloading, we see that a small mistake in handling can quickly become a quality problem for a whole lot. That practical experience pushed us toward improvements in how we package and label shipments. For customers running kilo or multi-kilo batches, we recommend the same, including isolators and designated weighing stations. The lessons we’ve learned onsite mirror the practices at many of our best customers. These steps add cost, but the investment in health and process reliability saves much greater expense and risk down the line.

    Regulatory Traceability and Documentation

    Supply chains today put real pressure on traceability. Our approach builds in batch-wise documentation and regular outside lab checks for identity, purity, and analytical profile. In years past, less rigorous standards led to confusion about source and even legal headaches for buyers. Now, each drum and paperwork trail matches the expectations of regulatory authorities and those of multinational buyers. Keeping clean, detailed batch records has often helped our customers defend their formulations in audits or patent cases. From our end, knowing exactly which raw chemical suppliers contributed solve questions before they become claims.

    Addressing Common Sourcing Risks

    Global supply for specialty intermediates isn’t immune from shocks—be it raw material shortage, transporter delays, or policy shifts. Our decades in this business have shown that short-term batch deals from trading firms leave users at risk for inconsistencies that hurt long-term projects. In contrast, repeat collaboration with the chemical manufacturer gives real-time updates on lead time, sudden raw material cost shifts, or regulatory document changes. One long-term customer needed an emergency resupply for an unexpected order spike. Because of the direct link to our plant team, we shifted batch scheduling and air-freighted a portion, ensuring their operations continued. That can’t happen with third-party resellers who have no control over upstream process.

    Comparing to Market Alternatives

    Some buyers consider switching suppliers to chase marginal cost savings on intermediates like 2,2-dichloroacetophenone. That’s rarely as simple as it sounds. In our own experience, every hundred grams of impurity, off-spec melting point, or packaging issue can result in thousands of dollars and weeks in lost downstream yield or regulatory review. Our production focuses not only on price per kilo but on the overall reliability, safety, and documentation chain. Case after case, experienced users end up returning after trialling the “cheaper” sources, especially when late-stage synthesis or registration work gets derailed by inconsistent input. The value comes through in retained long-term customers who plan their supply chain with us in mind.

    Customized Support and Lessons from Practice

    As a chemical manufacturer, we see that success with 2,2-dichloroacetophenone isn’t just about output volume. Practical issues come up, whether in adapting particle size for a filtration step, customizing packaging to fit a customer’s filling line, or tuning documentation to a regulatory authority’s latest revision. In-house, we operate trial lots for clients developing novel syntheses and sometimes even synthesize tagged versions for tracking studies in analytical labs. Each special request teaches us how technical requirements differ between pharmaceutical, agricultural, and specialty polymer uses. Customization succeeds whenever plant and customer technical teams communicate openly.

    Challenges and Real-World Solutions in Synthesis

    The synthetic pathway for 2,2-dichloroacetophenone brings its own set of real-life challenges. Sourcing chlorinating agents with reliable strength requires advance planning, as minor fluctuations can swing yields up or down. Over-chlorination leads to more problematic byproducts, so real-time titration and time/intensity data get reviewed batch-wise. We’ve introduced mid-synthesis sampling, with immediate chromatographic analysis for high-value or sensitive lots, because timely corrections beat late-stage disappointment. In downstream purification, slow heating and staged solvent evaporation play a bigger role than temperature setpoints on paper. The real security comes from people watching the product develop, not just automated systems. Our crew knows the cues—subtle changes in color, crystallization time, and odor—that signal a process on track.

    Supplying Research and Process Innovation

    Beyond industrial-scale production, we often supply smaller research lots, where individual scientists test new synthetic routes or probe reactivity for journal publications. In these cases, open communication on compound characterization and potential byproduct profile matters more than a standard lot certificate. The back-and-forth over impurity peaks or alternate batch records helps both sides learn, and sometimes spurs improvements in our regular runs. Academic and industrial R&D outfits give valuable perspective, checking our product in more exotic or sensitive conditions than a standard production process would ever demand.

    Working with Global and Small-Scale Partners

    We recognize that innovation rarely comes from the comfort of routine batches. Custom projects have demanded new analytical methods, changes to crystallization flows, or post-synthesis treatments to meet unique global requirements. In meeting orders for international partners, we confront shipping constraints, changing import regulations, and new purity cutoffs. Over time, we’ve built flexibility into our operation to account for these demands, swinging between small pilot runs and full-scale industrial lots without cutting corners. Our prioritization comes from knowing the pain points for global users: customs clearance, regulatory review, and real-time updates on batch status matter up and down the chain.

    Environmental Responsibilities and Practical Sustainability

    Making and handling chlorinated compounds calls for a direct view on waste and emissions. From the plant side, regular reviews of solvent recycling, neutralization protocols, and containment structure have been built into the daily routine. Our operators identify and fix leaks or inefficiencies, not because of regulation alone, but from first-hand knowledge of the cost escalations and long-term liability that neglect brings. We work with disposal partners who allow us to keep track of every liter of waste stream, minimizing the chance of environmental hazards. These steps have improved both production cost and compliance for us and our customers, keeping product quality high and risk low. Facing the facts on waste and efficiency pays off year over year.

    Field Observations on Longevity and Storage

    On the storage floor, real-world issues show up quickly. 2,2-dichloroacetophenone stores well if kept dry and sealed from light. We have found that even small exposures to moisture or heat can lead to slow degradation or agglomeration, complicating downstream measurement and addition. As a manufacturer, we recommend keeping drums in low-humidity storage and opening only just before use. Onsite, customers who follow this advice see far fewer roadblocks than those who treat chemical storage as an afterthought—wasted material and cleanup costs for a full drum hurt more than spending on correct storage at the outset.

    Supporting Long-Term Partnerships

    Real partnerships work because of a shared level of comfort and direct communication. Over the years, we have seen new product launches, process failures, and regulatory changes test the resilience of our supply network. Listening, adapting, and taking the extra steps—even at direct short-term cost to ourselves—have cemented years-long customer relationships. Our success turns on the performance of our product, the speed of response when issues emerge, and the reliability of our technical records. We keep close ties through regular plant visits, shared trouble-shooting, and real updates whenever changes in trend or regulation occur.

    Future Directions and Ongoing Experience

    Market needs evolve, and so does the role of 2,2-dichloroacetophenone within global chemistry. With the rise of specialty materials and growing demands for traceable, high-purity intermediates, manufacturing practices need ongoing refinement. Batch-wise feedback, smarter automation, and even tighter controls on supplier sources form our next focus. At the same time, we know that technical teams everywhere benefit most from a real connection to manufacturers dedicated to their craft, who bring both tradition and learning from each day’s production to the table. In refining what goes out the door, what matters most is the proven track record with users—our experience gets built one batch, one consultation, and one solution at a time.