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1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone

    • Product Name 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone
    • Alias Dantron
    • Einecs 202-321-0
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    779792

    Chemical Name 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone
    Common Name Danthron
    Molecular Formula C14H8O4
    Molecular Weight 240.21 g/mol
    Appearance Orange-red crystalline powder
    Melting Point 200-202°C
    Solubility In Water Slightly soluble
    Solubility In Ethanol Soluble
    Cas Number 117-10-2
    Density 1.63 g/cm³
    Pka 8.69 (first hydroxyl group)
    Iupac Name 1,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione
    Odor Odorless

    As an accredited 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing A 100g amber glass bottle labeled "1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone," with hazard symbols, product code, batch number, and tight-sealed cap.
    Shipping 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone should be shipped in tightly sealed containers, protected from light and moisture. It must be labeled with proper hazard information and handled according to local regulations. During transport, avoid physical damage and exposure to incompatible substances. Store and ship at room temperature unless otherwise specified by safety data requirements.
    Storage 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone should be stored in a tightly closed container, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizing agents. Protect it from light and moisture. Keep the storage area free from ignition sources, and ensure appropriate labeling. Handle with care to avoid release of dust or fumes, and use personal protective equipment as necessary.
    Application of 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone

    Applications of 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone in Industrial Manufacturing

    As a manufacturer specializing in 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, we supply this advanced chemical intermediate to regulated industrial value chains worldwide. Below are detailed applications in real downstream sectors, based on proven market demand and compliance requirements.

    1. Vat and Reactive Dye Production

    Dye producers use 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone as a key intermediate in the synthesis of anthraquinone-based vat dyes and certain reactive dyes. The raw material reacts under controlled alkali fusion and oxidation conditions to yield chromophore systems unique to textile and paper coloration applications. Manufacturers adjust reaction parameters depending on end-product shade, strength, and fastness properties. Quality control addresses residual impurity thresholds per textile standards, and batch records track full traceability for export regulations.

    Industry compliance standards

    • OEKO-TEX® STANDARD 100
    • ZDHC MRSL (Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals Manufacturing Restricted Substances List)
    • REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII
    • ISO 14001 Environmental Management for Dye Plants

    Typical usage ratio

    • Intermediate is dosed at 0.2–0.5 molar equivalents relative to the target dye molecule, adjusted for shade and batch scale

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced during the condensation step before oxidative ring closure
    • Monitored by HPLC/QC lab for complete reaction and purity
    • In situ purification follows via solvent extraction or crystallization

    Final product types

    • Vat blue and anthraquinone-based dyes for cotton, viscose, and Tencel fibers
    • Reactive dyes for cellulose textiles
    • Pigment dispersions for paper and printing ink

    2. Specialty Pigment Manufacturing

    Producers of organic pigments utilize 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone in multi-step synthesis pathways for the preparation of deep red and violet pigments. The material undergoes sulfonation, halogenation, or amination reactions, forming pigment lakes or dispersions that meet strict product performance and migration criteria for coatings and high-grade plastics. Downstream QA requires trace-level detection of unreacted intermediates, and pigment lots are certified for thermal stability, tint strength, and lightfastness.

    Industry compliance standards

    • EN 71-3 Safety of Toys (migration for pigments in plastic/paint)
    • RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU (for pigments used in electronics packaging)
    • Chemical Food Contact Regulations (EU 10/2011 for plastics coloring)
    • ASTM D3134 Standard for Organic Pigments

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone content typically ranges from 1–5% w/w of the total pigment batch; variation based on desired shade depth and pigment constitution

    Downstream process integration

    • Fed directly into reactors pre-charged for bulk sulfonation or halogenation
    • Followed by neutralization, filtration, and dispersion stabilization
    • QC batch released after performance and stability testing

    Final product types

    • Organic pigment concentrates for automotive and industrial coatings
    • Masterbatch colorants for plastic extrusion and molding
    • Specialty inks for security printing

    3. Photographic Chemicals and Imaging

    The compound serves as a precursor in the manufacture of contrast-forming agents and developers for the traditional photographic and X-ray film sector. Its stable quinone structure enables manufacturers to formulate developer systems with controlled redox potential, supporting the precise exposure and image development needs of specialized film processors. Downstream producers must maintain compliance with photo industry impurity limits and ensure compatibility with coated substrates and developer tank chemistries.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 18902 Imaging Materials – Processed Films
    • ANSI IT9.2-1998 for Photographic Developer Chemistry
    • GMP Production for Medical Imaging Inputs
    • RoHS (if sold into electrical/electronic imaging applications)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Utilization between 0.05–0.3% by weight of finished developer solution, optimized for photographic contrast and process speed

    Downstream process integration

    • Blended during peroxide/quinhydrone developer formulation step, post-purification
    • Dissolved into aqueous or organic solvent base under controlled temperature
    • Stabilized with buffering agents for storage and transport

    Final product types

    • Photographic developers for B/W film processing
    • Contrast boosters for X-ray and industrial imaging media
    • Precision chemicals for film processor maintenance

    4. Pharmaceutical Synthesis: Laxative Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

    1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone is a validated starting material and impurity reference standard in the synthesis of anthraquinone-based laxative APIs, such as Danthron (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone) itself and its derivatives. Pharmaceutical API manufacturers require full GMP traceability, certified impurity profiles, and validated reaction yields. Chromatographic controls are essential throughout acetylation and methylation stages to ensure endpoint quality and pharmacopoeial compliance of the active compound.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 and EU GMP Part II guidelines for API manufacturing
    • USP/Ph. Eur./JP specification for anthraquinone-type APIs
    • FDA DMF registration for US market
    • Pharmacopoeial limit tests for residual solvents and catalysts (USP <467>, <232>, <233>)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Used as principal precursor in 1:1 molar ratio for Danthron synthesis; excess is minimized for pharmaceutical process efficiency

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged at the initial condensation or cyclization stage of API production
    • Purified by recrystallization and chromatographic separation
    • Validated by HPLC and residual solvent analysis per batch

    Final product types

    • Active pharmaceutical ingredients for over-the-counter and prescription laxatives
    • Reference standards for QC labs in pharmaceutical analysis
    • Impurity markers in anthraquinone drug substance testing panels

    5. Polymer Additive and Stabilizer Segment

    In the advanced polymer industry, 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone acts as an antioxidant and light stabilizer in plastic and elastomer masterbatches. Compounders dose it during melt blending of specialty grades to prevent oxidative and UV-driven degradation of polymer chains, enhancing end-use durability. The raw material requires documentation of migration and extractables for food-contact and high-temperature plastics in regulated markets.

    Industry compliance standards

    • FDA 21 CFR 177.2600 for Polymer Additives (for elastomers and rubbers)
    • EU Regulation 10/2011 for plastic food contact materials
    • ISO 4892-3 for Accelerated Weathering in Plastics
    • REACH SVHC compliance declaration

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.1–0.8% by weight of finished polymer blend; precise ratio set by polymer matrix and performance target

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced during compounding or pelletizing at the extrusion feed zone
    • Homogenized with main polymer above melting point for uniform dispersion
    • QC checks for dispersion, migration, and thermal stability

    Final product types

    • Specialty masterbatches for automotive and outdoor plastics
    • Flexible packaging films and rigid food containers
    • Weather-resistant elastomer profiles and gaskets

    6. Analytical Chemistry and Diagnostic Kits

    Contract labs and diagnostic kit producers utilize high-purity 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone as a reference substance and chromogenic substrate in specific enzyme assays and trace metal analysis protocols. The compound’s redox properties facilitate color development in colorimetric tests, with defined absorbance maxima for quantitative calibration. Certification to analytical reagent standards and low-batch impurity levels are essential for reproducible laboratory results.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 17034 Reference Material Producer Accreditation
    • ISO/IEC 17025 Testing and Calibration Laboratory Accreditation
    • Certificate of Analysis (CoA) per ACS or Reag. Ph. Eur. grade standards

    Typical usage ratio

    • Applied as 0.001–0.01% w/v in reagent mixes or calibration solutions, depending on assay architecture and detection range

    Downstream process integration

    • Dissolved in assay buffer or calibration diluent
    • Stability-checked for light and storage resistance
    • Ampouled for diagnostic kit assembly or reference lab use

    Final product types

    • Diagnostic colorimetric reagent kits
    • Certified reference standards for analytical chemistry
    • Calibration materials for trace metal ion detection
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Introducing 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone: Our Experience, Our Craft

    Proudly Produced with Reliability and Consistency

    Over many years of making 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, we have learned there’s more to an anthraquinone derivative than meets the eye. Known within the dye and specialty chemical fields as danthron, this compound stands out because of the special position of its hydroxyl groups. Our experience in manufacturing this molecule stretches over decades, and each step of production reflects careful attention to purity, particle size, and process stability. Consistent structure and color matter not just for the final product, but for every step downstream.

    Looking at Real Differences—Not Just Label Terms

    For those familiar with anthraquinones, one can spot a lot of variants—mono- and dihydroxy, various isomers, and quite a bit of jargon. The key with 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone lies in the arrangement of its hydroxy groups on the anthraquinone core, which triggers significant shifts in reactivity and color. This is not 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, the yellow-orange dye known as alizarin. This is not 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, the less common anthraquinone violet. Placement of functional groups changes solubility, dye tonality, and fastness properties, which ultimately determines where each product finds its true place.

    Our Model—Building on a Foundation of Reliability

    Through year-in, year-out production, our plant has refined every parameter impacting 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone quality. We do not just settle for specification sheets or tick-box test results. We’ve analyzed how purification routes affect solidification, how careful crystallization controls batch-to-batch variation, and how subtle shifts in process can reduce contamination with positional isomers. We learned early on that keeping unwanted byproducts out of the final product not only avoids headaches for end-users, but also prevents off-shade issues in pigment manufacture or unpredictable behavior in analytical applications.

    Why Purity and Particle Size Actually Matter

    End users in the dye industry or chemical synthesis expect predictability. Chemists blending intermediates need to know every lot will disperse, melt, and react the same way. If the content of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone drifts or comes loaded with isomeric impurities, process efficiency sags, filterability dips, and downstream costs go up. In some applications, small traces of unreacted anthraquinone or hydroquinone byproducts impact the color of finished dyes. Large grain size causes uneven dissolution, risking clogged filters and slow melt. We address these issues up front, not as afterthoughts.

    Why We Focus on Total Process Transparency

    Many competitors provide basic “spec” sheets, but rarely walk through real differences between grades, isomer content, or process consistency. Our technical team works alongside daily operators and analytical chemists, so we can trace issues from the reactor to the final drum. For projects that demand tailored solutions, we gather customer feedback about problems like agglomeration, moister uptake, or shade drift. Our approach reduces surprises for users who need a truly uniform performance every single time.

    Applications Span Industry Sectors—With Real-World Challenges

    Over the years, we have supplied 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone for a wide spectrum of uses. In dye manufacture, the compound acts as a prime intermediate for synthetic colorants targeting cotton, wool, and synthetic fibers. Our research teams, partnering with downstream technical staff, have studied shade development, fastness, and yield in both cold and high-temperature dyeings. A small deviation in hydroxy group placement, or a sliver of a mixed isomer, can tip shades blue or red, or reduce light resistance.

    This molecule also features in several pharmaceutical syntheses, especially where controlled oxidation forms active compounds faster or at lower cost. Each customer brings new purity or physical requirements, and we have worked to tighten not just chemical purity, but also residual solvent and heavy metal thresholds, because even low ppm contamination affects pharmaceutical pathways.

    In analytical chemistry, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone performs as a sensitive chelating agent for metal ions—analysts in environmental testing and materials control need consistency from their reagents, or their entire test method can drift. By refining our product’s moisture and ash levels, we help ensure analysts don’t need to recalibrate equipment or make contingency plans due to unreliable source material.

    The Differences Run Deeper Than CAS Numbers

    Many industry newcomers assume that “anthraquinone” is enough detail to make a purchase. Our work in the factory says otherwise. The minute switches between 1,8-, 1,4-, and 1,2-dihydroxy derivatives change the color shade, chemical behavior, and reactivity profile. In dye manufacturing, switching between 1,8- and 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone wrecks product yields and saps color vibrancy. For pharmaceutical syntheses, substitution impacts solubility, crystallinity, and potential byproduct profiles.

    Through careful supply management and raw material sourcing, we avoid pitfalls linked to positional isomer confusion, which can creep into less experienced production streams that rely too heavily on off-the-shelf intermediates. By sticking with our controlled process, we track every batch back to origin and eliminate much of the guesswork.

    Long-Term Partnerships Enable Continuous Improvement

    Many of our customers have weathered market swings, raw material shortages, and evolving environmental requirements—each event leaves a mark on how chemicals like 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone are manufactured and applied. We remember the sharp shocks that came as new environmental standards hit chemical plants in Asia in the late 2000s. Several sources of anthraquinone intermediates failed to adapt, leading to widespread supply instability and rumors of quality issues that fed downstream problems. Our team responded with in-line controls, automated batch logging, and updated solvent recovery systems that have actually reduced our footprint while keeping reactivity and shade properties intact.

    Our attitude stresses open lines of communication—real emails, phone discussions with technical staff, and follow-up with labs experimenting with novel color formats or pharmaceutical intermediates. Some of the best insights on impurity control, crystal habit, and even packaging durability have come from users who see every batch in the harshest production conditions.

    Packing and Storage: Where Details Still Matter

    Shipping any anthraquinone derivative brings its own set of challenges. At first glance, dry powders pose few hazards, but over the years we’ve learned about the threats from improper humidity control, friction compaction, and poor packaging closures. A surprisingly high number of customer complaints across the industry could be traced back to product caking or compromised packaging. We shifted toward double-layer moisture barriers and tamper-evident closures for our drums and bags—these small changes cut returns and performance complaints, especially in regions with fluctuating humidity.

    On the storage front, our users report fewer issues with surface agglomerates, vessel clumping, and color shift when they follow storage recommendations derived from actual field experience. Our technical group visits user sites to observe common storage issues—this helps us give real, not theoretical, advice about best conditions and storage duration.

    Understanding Regulations—A Moving Target

    Regulatory guidelines for chemical manufacturing don’t stand still. Over the years, our manufacturing team tracked the march of local, national, and international standards affecting 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone. Whether it’s the European Union’s REACH list, US TSCA controls, or new regional regulations, we’ve kept on top of required documentation, hazard labeling, and purity declaration. Our plant invests constantly in documentation systems, analytic validation, and sample retention to stay audit-ready—because nothing derails a supply partnership faster than paperwork slowdowns or untraceable quality-control steps.

    Change comes fast. Recent demands for lower trace metals and solvents in dye and pharma intermediates required us to adapt analysis routines, and update supply chains. Internal discussions focused on how trace elements migrate into products, or how new detection limits push the boundaries of our in-house analytics. The advantage of making 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone ourselves, in one continuous plant, is that we can implement process changes far faster than traders or brokers relying offshore.

    Environmental Commitment Is No Afterthought

    For decades, chemical manufacturing often stood disconnected from environmental consequences, with waste and byproducts overlooked or quickly discharged. As a mature manufacturer, we have had to adapt as best practices shift and new regulatory targets come into focus. We have put in place advanced filtration technologies to recapture reaction solvents. Our process water streams are run through on-site biological and activated carbon treatment before discharge. The upshot of all this: we meet emission targets, and have received less scrutiny from environmental authorities, translating to fewer disruption for our buyers.

    We also keep carbon footprint, energy use, and waste heat under active management—not because it makes for good press, but because resource costs directly hit the bottom line. By reclaiming waste heat to drive secondary operations and optimizing raw anthraquinone conversion rates, we preserve both product quality and operational continuity.

    Practical Solutions to End-User Problems

    Every user faces real-world hurdles not listed in technical literature. A dye house running a new color range notices unwanted off-shade spots; a research lab finds unexpected byproducts in a synthetic sequence; a distribution warehouse copes with batch clumping; all these can turn costly or derail a production run. Years of feedback, trial, and process adjustment have helped us preempt many of these. Our technical outreach follows up directly with production managers and lab technicians who encounter these bottlenecks in practice.

    By evaluating how tiny variations in product physical form, color consistency, or moisture content show up in final applications, we’ve engineered much of our 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone production to offer a predictably reliable starting point for users across sectors—so issues get caught and corrected before delivery becomes a risk.

    Why In-House Manufacturing Makes a Difference

    Outsourcing production or relying on third-party vendors creates a gulf between technical development and process reality. Our on-site synthesis and finishing allow tweaks to temperature, crystallizer speed, and pure water content based on real-time feedback from our QC labs, not an overseas audit. Investors sometimes push for outside tollers or more “flexible” capacity; experience has shown us that keeping synthesis close, tight, and standardized yields far stronger results for the supply chain, with fewer surprises.

    Daily exposure to live production metrics, analytical samples, equipment calibration, and packaging feedback creates an immediate feedback cycle. If a batch comes up short, or if our users request a new dispersibility target, the change happens upstream—not months or containers later after complaints pile up. This in-house control serves as our hedge against rapid market shifts, quality dips, and regulatory red tape.

    Technical Support Is Experience, Not a Script

    As manufacturers, we see the intricacies of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone not as lines on a spec sheet, but as real-world challenges and opportunities. Our chemists and operators field frequent “what if” scenarios—can we target a slightly finer grind for a cyan dye application? Will this batch meet an ultra-low sodium threshold for an EU pharmaceutical order? We rarely rely on a script. Years in the field have developed problem-solving instincts that blend textbook knowledge with hands-on troubleshooting, letting us spot and fix issues overlooked by software or disconnected technical centers.

    Fostering ongoing technical relationships gives us access to customers’ process improvement projects and, in turn, helps us fine-tune both product and process flows—there is no substitute for having both product expertise and an open channel with those on the front lines of manufacturing.

    Summary—Long-Term Value Through Real-World Experience

    There is no shortcut to consistent production, nor a magic fix for every downstream challenge involving 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone. What matters is a culture of continuous improvement, built from direct production experience, technical savvy, and regular engagement with customers whose businesses depend on reliable supplies and predictable performance. Over years of making and shipping this chemical, we have faced shifting regulations, raw material swings, technical setbacks, and new application challenges. Our commitment keeps us close to the process, attuned to industry change, and inspires us to partner rather than simply transact. For those needing a supplier who has lived every stage in the life cycle of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, our doors remain open and our expertise stands ready.