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1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride

    • Product Name 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride
    • Alias Benzyl viologen
    • Einecs 208-549-6
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    582114

    Product Name 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride
    Cas Number 14147-97-2
    Molecular Formula C24H22Cl2N2
    Molecular Weight 409.36 g/mol
    Appearance Off-white to pale yellow powder
    Melting Point 235-238°C
    Solubility Soluble in water and polar organic solvents
    Storage Conditions Store at 2-8°C, tightly closed, dry place
    Purity Typically ≥98%
    Synonyms Benzyl viologen dichloride, 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium chloride
    Smiles C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN2=CC=C(C=C2)N(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4.[Cl-].[Cl-]
    Ec Number 238-003-2

    As an accredited 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride, 5 grams, is supplied in a sealed amber glass bottle with a tamper-evident cap.
    Shipping 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride is shipped in sealed, chemically resistant containers to protect from moisture and light. Package is clearly labeled with hazard and handling information in compliance with applicable regulations. During transit, temperature and humidity are controlled as necessary to ensure the compound's stability and safety.
    Storage 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride should be stored in a tightly sealed container, protected from light and moisture, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated environment. Keep it away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers. The storage area should be clearly labeled and compliant with all chemical safety regulations to prevent accidental exposure or contamination.
    Application of 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride

    Applications of 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride in Industrial Manufacturing

    As a direct manufacturer, we supply 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride to established industrial sectors where its properties drive performance and reliability in advanced downstream manufacturing. Below, we detail sector-specific application scenarios, formulation insights, and downstream process integration compiled through production experience and ongoing customer engagements.

    1. Organic Electron Acceptor for Energy Storage Systems

    This compound functions as a high-potential electron acceptor in developing redox-active materials for organic-based energy storage devices, such as flow batteries. Downstream producers commonly utilize its stable redox cycling characteristics within non-aqueous electrolytes, improving charge retention and efficiency in pilot-to-industrial scale projects under stringent safety provisions.

    Industry compliance standards

    • IEC 62932-3-2:2022 (Flow Battery Safety)
    • REACH Regulation (EU)
    • ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Management Systems applied in battery manufacturing)
    • RoHS Directive (EU 2015/863)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Concentration in electrolytes: 0.1% - 1.0% w/v, adjusted based on cell design and target energy density—higher concentrations used for increased charge capacity, limited by ionic conductivity and solubility constraints.

    Downstream process integration

    • Incorporated at the electrolyte formulation step, following solvent purification and prior to cell filling, under inert atmosphere conditions to prevent oxidative degradation.

    Final product types

    • Non-aqueous flow battery stacks for grid-scale energy storage
    • Prototypical organic battery cartridges for stationary storage pilots

    2. Phase Transfer Catalyst in Pharmaceutical Intermediate Synthesis

    1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride serves as a selective phase transfer catalyst in quaternary ammonium salt-mediated processes, especially in the biphasic N-alkylation or cross-coupling of pharmaceutical intermediates. Formulators rely on it for enhanced yield and reduced reaction times, especially in producing cationic pharmaceutical building blocks under validated GMP protocols.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • 21 CFR Part 211 (US cGMP for finished pharmaceuticals)
    • EP/USP monographs for relevant APIs

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.2 – 2.0 mol% relative to limiting reagent, titrated for each process based on substrate solubility and reactivity profile of the target intermediate.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added to the reaction vessel during the aqueous–organic biphasic step, after aqueous base addition but before introduction of the electrophilic reagent; removed during downstream aqueous workup and purification.

    Final product types

    • Cationic pharmaceutical intermediates for oncology and CNS drug development
    • Quaternary ammonium salts used as building blocks in small molecule APIs

    3. Mediator in Electrocatalytic Organic Synthesis

    This material acts as an efficient redox mediator in electrocatalytic systems, particularly in the oxidative coupling and functionalization of aromatic compounds. Process engineers utilize it to lower overpotentials and enable selective electron transfer, critical for scaling up synthetic methodologies involving challenging C–C or C–N bond construction, while minimizing by-products.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 14001:2015 (Environmental Management Systems in chemical manufacturing)
    • Responsible Care Global Charter
    • ChemStewards Management System (SOCMA)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 5–20 mmol per litre of reaction mixture, optimized alongside electrode material and current density to achieve maximal conversion within target production times.

    Downstream process integration

    • Employed in batch or continuous flow electrosynthesis units, introduced at the initial charge together with the substrate and withdrawn post-reaction for recycling or workup.

    Final product types

    • Electro-synthesized fine chemicals
    • Functionalized aromatics incorporated in dyes and polymer additives

    4. Reference Compound in Electrochemical Analytical Standards Manufacturing

    Downstream producers of analytical and diagnostic reagents use this compound as a stable reference material in redox potential calibration. Its controlled electrochemical behavior ensures traceable calibration for laboratory potentiometry and cylic voltammetry, forming a key component in manufacturing certified reference materials distributed to QC laboratories worldwide.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 17034:2016 (General requirements for reference material producers)
    • ISO/IEC 17025:2017 (General requirements for testing and calibration laboratories)
    • NIST Traceability Guidelines

    Typical usage ratio

    • Prepared as primary calibration solutions at 0.01–0.1 M in acetonitrile or similar solvents; concentration standardized based on instrument sensitivity and regulatory protocols.

    Downstream process integration

    • Dissolved in analytical-grade solvent, filtered, and packaged during the final blending stage, with routine verification of redox potential and purity before batch release.

    Final product types

    • Electrochemical calibration kits
    • Certified reference materials for redox potential calibration
    • QC reagents supplied to pharmaceutical and chemical analytical labs
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    Competitive 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.

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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Practical Experience Shapes Reliable 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride

    Direct Manufacturing Brings Confidence and Consistency

    In years spent transforming chemicals from the book to the warehouse, some products draw a deeper respect than others. 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride, often called DBBQ, stands out thanks to the crucial role it plays in organic synthesis, redox chemistry, and electrochemistry research. Developing a robust method to make this compound wasn’t about ticking boxes or chasing marketing buzz. We set out to deliver something dependable, with every batch matching the requirements our colleagues in the lab or on the factory floor actually demand.

    Manufacturing DBBQ takes more than good intentions. Attention must focus on purity and crystal form since small variances ripple into later processes. Through controlled benzylation and a strict purification regime, we reach a high standard people count on. Fluctuating purity levels, water content, and particle size left unchecked can derail reaction yield or mess up electrochemical readings. We have invested in reaction vessels, purification columns, and accurate drying processes to produce a material that supports repeatable results. Raw material selection starts with trusted suppliers, but we inspect incoming material before it ever meets our reactors. Frequent candid conversations with researchers pushed us to back up product claims with evidence, not enthusiasm.

    Key Attributes Take Shape on the Production Line

    The final product comes as a bright yellow, free-flowing crystalline powder. Batch-to-batch consistency in color, texture, and solubility tells a story about careful process control—not just recipe adherence, but active problem-solving learned across countless syntheses. We keep moisture down to the threshold that prevents clumping, which means storage and weighing don’t become a battle each time the container opens. Our testing routines, especially for chloride content and organic impurities, allow us to guarantee a degree of purity suitable for electrochemical cell assembly or organic transformation projects. In practice, DBBQ’s established performance in redox mediators and charge transfer agents owes a lot to steadfast quality during manufacturing, not only to theoretical properties.

    Many customers notice subtle differences between batches from different producers: density, flow, and even smell can tip them off. Our product stands out because the people making it use the same tools—oven, spatula, and balance—that users do downstream. We listened when labs passed feedback on batch-handling quirks; such loops led us to improve drying procedures and packaging in real time. Shipment in moisture-barrier containers is not just a box to tick for shelf life. Persistent control over environmental factors during packing prevents the slow creep of hydrolysis or deliquescence that so often plagues lower-grade material from secondary sources.

    Continuous Dialogue with End Users

    Technical progress doesn't grow from a vacuum. Most of the improvements in our DBBQ trace back to questions and complaints from chemists whose work depends on defect-free compounds. Many researchers, especially those scaling up electrochemical processes, described problems with variable solubility or unexpected color change that traced to unseen impurities. A few years ago, customers flagged that off-spec batches caused inconsistent mediator activity in Gram-level redox reactions. Isolating the culprit took weeks, but it improved our purification column design and forced us to refine not just final product checks but also process verification after each step.

    Such interactions changed how we manage both process records and feedback loops. Data collection shifted from logging only key metrics to keeping tabs on known and unexpected byproducts. Experience proved to us that meticulous records safeguard quality better than any marketing line. This they can see, not just in a certificate but in how consistently reactions start, run, and finish as planned. We introduced batch sample retention for three years after production, so we can resolve any claim or inquiry with actual evidence, not guesswork. That kind of traceability matters more to us than any logo or slogan.

    Differentiation With Purpose: What Sets Our DBBQ Apart

    DBBQ isn’t an anonymous commodity in our hands. Many in the market circulate resold material without ever handling condensation themselves. Our control from starting reagents to filling jars means we hold responsibility for every outcome linked to the product. This has pushed us to invest in incremental, technical modifications. Where other DBBQ options creep above 1% organic impurity, our in-process controls caught and cut it in half. Tests for chloride, benzyl byproducts, and bipyridinium content stretch beyond commercial thresholds; we track them for the same reasons you would if you had the reactor running in your own facility.

    Product moisture content usually sits below 0.2% by Karl Fischer titration. Some suppliers neglect to monitor this, which leads to sticky powders that turn lumpy inside storage drums. That’s not a problem here: each batch leaves the plant with results, not just intentions. Brightness in color stands out when poured into an open beaker, a detail that only persists if light and air exposure are managed strictly from drying to final packaging. In comparison trials, users found our DBBQ stayed uniform when stored under dry nitrogen for months, while other sources’ material started to clump or darken.

    Electrochemical applications, such as use as a redox shuttle or in mediating charge transfer, rarely tolerate deviation. Minute differences in purity or structure shift mediator performance, which can either inflate “apparent” results or tank reproducibility. Sophisticated labs choose our DBBQ for this reason. What’s more, the knowledge that each container came from a tightly mapped-out synthetic path, not the spillover from an unrelated process, brings confidence for publication and scale-up alike.

    Ideal Uses and Laboratory Experience

    Anyone seeking DBBQ for work on reversible redox systems, photochemical catalysis, or as a chemical intermediate knows the importance of defined quality. Our product ends up in research building blocks, dye sensitized solar cells, analytical chemistry routines, and preparative organic transformations. Detailed reports from users show its clean reactivity in biphasic organic/aqueous systems. DBBQ’s clean handling and stable solubility means less time wasted dissolving unwanted clumps or fishing out solids that shouldn’t be there.

    Real-world results from our partners include boosted yields in direct bipyridinium-catalyzed transformations, and sharper separation of oxidation states for electroanalytical work. In dye-sensitized environments, persistent purity assures that photosensitized charge transfer stays consistent for longer test windows, improving the validity of results. Production line feedback—such as how the powder flows during packing—gave us honest appraisal and prompted us to optimize texture and eliminate fine particulate that might block filter systems downstream.

    In more than one case, plant operations used our DBBQ to calibrate analytical runs by leveraging its consistent electrochemical response. This saves time and materials over alternative mediators that possess unreliable shelf stability or multiple competing redox states. This tightness in property control means research staff and scale-up engineers alike sideline contingency plans and instead focus on innovation. The same molecule, tailored by experience, yields smoother workflows in labs and reliability on the line in industrial-scale plants.

    Learning From Failure to Build Success

    Mistakes built this product as much as a chemical reaction did. From shipment delays that wrecked moisture control, to a failed batch where incomplete benzylation slipped through, every lesson found its way back into a process correction. People outside the manufacturing world may underestimate the challenge of scaling up DBBQ. We saw batch exotherms nearly ruin high-purity product, prompting a redesign in jacketed reactor temperature control. Real improvements came stepwise, driven not by generic protocols but hard-won field data.

    A few years ago, a laboratory sent us a series of electrochemical scans plagued by drift and low signal-to-noise ratios. The feedback stung, but forced us deeper into investigating trace organic residues left from incomplete washing. This led to a switch in our solvent system and an overhaul of column dimensions. Quality found a new benchmark when we invited labs to run comparative trials head-to-head with material made elsewhere. Those confrontations showed us our real place in the chemical landscape, and where to direct investment for greater impact.

    Visible, accountable problem-solving became a point of pride. When supply chain hiccups or unexpected raw material changes threatened process stability, we documented the outcomes—sometimes facing lost time or money rather than cutting corners. It’s far easier to source low-grade DBBQ and resell it, but our history of hard knocks showed that shortcuts end up costing trust and reputation. The tight, grounded control that marks our product costs more in effort but pays off in enduring connections with users.

    Process Control: From Raw Reagent to Packaged Compound

    Our DBBQ starts its journey before any flask is charged. The story really begins with the sourcing and pre-qualification of pyridine, benzyl chloride, and other building blocks. Inspection isn’t a paperwork exercise—it’s frequent on-the-ground checking. Contaminated starting material surfaces in the intermediate and final DBBQ profiles, so we treat inspection as a core process step, not tacked on at the end.

    In the reactor, thermal control, stirring uniformity, and sequential monitoring give technicians the authority to halt production at the first sign of deviation. While other manufacturers might allow broad margins, our staff receive the tools to reject any intermediate failing set criteria, which ultimately shields the customer. Economizing on staff or process time never enters the equation.

    Filtration, crystallization, and drying anchor the production sequence. Technicians manually inspect each stage, using both visual cues and lab data. Filtrate clarity and mother liquor color provide real-time feedback, and process data matches observations—the person at the filter knows exactly what problem signs to watch for, and what adjustments bring material back into spec.

    Our drying process deserves mention. Rather than gambling on ambient conditions, we insist on sealed vacuum drying almost immediately following crystallization. Moisture exposure at this stage leads to regret later. The operation takes longer, but experience shows that product quality improves. Afterwards, we pack freshly prepared DBBQ into double-sealed, inert-lined containers, saving users the need to “rescue” product that should arrive in optimal form.

    Your Insight Informs Tomorrow’s Process

    Hard data has its place, but feedback from researchers and engineers using our DBBQ often reveals needs, frustrations, and ambitions that numbers alone can’t capture. We don’t treat customer feedback as mere after-sales service—it often leads to process fine-tuning that benefits everyone. Requests for larger, industrial-scale containers prompted us to work on bulk packaging technology, while demands for higher chromatic stability at lower temperatures forced us to invest in better refrigeration and logistic protocols.

    Laboratory users are, in a sense, partners in exploration. Their reports of batch-to-batch consistency, or lack thereof, drive us to revisit whether the product positively impacts actual reaction outcomes rather than just meeting a spec sheet. From academic electrochemistry groups to industrial plants, their results in the field—finer mediator activity, more predictable charge-transfer rates, lower baseline noise—shape future production runs. Since the true value of DBBQ rests in how reliably it delivers for the next experiment or scale-up, we constantly adapt our approach, questioning old habits and exploring new process steps where warranted.

    Setting the Bar Versus Competitors

    Unlike generalists or resellers, we don’t juggle product lines hoping to move what’s easy. Focusing on DBBQ in depth, we know the quirks and potential snags that sideline lesser material. The outcome is not just a purer or more attractive powder, but one that fills the precise gap left by generic products. Electrochemical specialists, for example, often face performance noise when using inconsistent sources. By contrast, our compound retains stability from train car to tabletop, offering consistent results each time.

    In chromatography and analytical uses, even slight contaminants can create stochastic readings or spike background levels, obscuring true findings. End users confirm that our DBBQ limits such problems, letting results speak for themselves. Scale-up projects for new synthetic processes appreciate the clarity of reaction profiles without mystery peaks attributed to unrecorded byproducts common in the commodity market. For dyed solar cell developers, reliable purity, ease of handling, and persistent color stability eliminate variables and support solid research conclusions.

    Solutions for Industry and Research Needs

    Adaptation never stops. We tailor reaction batch sizes and drying schedules to match demand spikes and seasonality. Shipping practices evolved from traditional paper-lined jars to multi-layer, gas-impermeable drums that support bulk customers and minimize transit losses. Real-time inventory checks prevent overpromising, curbing backorders that frustrate downstream users.

    We collaborate with select research groups to evaluate the product for long-term performance in mediators and dye systems, expanding understanding while introducing process tweaks to enhance future runs. Manufacturers can count on us for in-depth technical exchanges to resolve process pain points. Joint exploration with partners led to fine-tuning post-packaging stabilization—subtle adjustments, but no small feat, given the unrelenting demand for shelf stability in the field.

    Our engineering staff approach every challenge with the mentality that responsibility doesn’t end once the product leaves the dock. Unusual storage conditions? Need for alternate pack sizes? Requirement for special analytical verification? We welcome these hurdles as opportunities to review internal controls and, if the facts support it, to make real process change. Our aim revolves around direct accountability, achieved by both deep technical expertise and honest, ongoing engagement with the community that counts on DBBQ to do real work.

    Looking Ahead: Commitment and Continuous Improvement

    No production run takes place in isolation. Advances in electrochemistry, solar cell research, and organic synthesis continue to shift the definition of “good” DBBQ. Instead of drifting along with the crowd or pushing marketing narratives, experience tells us real progress grows from listening and then acting in tangible, measurable ways. Repeat customers have shaped our expectations—even as regulatory demands change and new chemistries emerge. We approach each batch as an opportunity to refine, whether through process control or broader application studies.

    As direct manufacturers, we accept that each container sets a precedent. Quality isn’t abstract; it reflects the concrete, lived experience of people running reactions late at night, calibrating a new cell, or scaling up a new technology. In a crowded market, this hands-on approach to 1,1'-Dibenzyl-4,4'-Bipyridinium Dichloride provides a point of difference not only for our plant, but for every customer who values reliability above all else.