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P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate

    • Product Name P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate
    • Alias PPD Sulfate
    • Einecs 239-839-2
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    411087

    Chemical Name P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate
    Cas Number 16245-77-5
    Molecular Formula C6H8N2·H2SO4
    Molecular Weight 222.23 g/mol
    Appearance White to pale purple crystalline powder
    Solubility In Water Soluble
    Melting Point ≥ 300 °C (decomposes)
    Odor Odorless
    Storage Conditions Store in a cool, dry place, away from light
    Purity Typically ≥ 98%
    Synonyms PPD sulfate, 1,4-Phenylenediamine sulfate
    Hazard Classification Harmful if inhaled or swallowed

    As an accredited P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate is packaged in a 100g amber glass bottle with a secure screw cap and hazard labeling.
    Shipping P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate should be shipped in tightly sealed containers, away from incompatible materials, moisture, and sources of ignition. Transport in accordance with local, national, and international regulations for hazardous chemicals. Ensure proper labeling and documentation. Use appropriate personal protective equipment when handling during shipping and unloading.
    Storage P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate should be stored in a tightly closed container, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sources of ignition and incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and acids. Protect from moisture and direct sunlight. Properly label the container, and ensure access is restricted to trained personnel equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
    Application of P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate

    Applications of P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate in Industrial Manufacturing

    P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate serves as a core chemical intermediate in several mature industrial verticals, where precise control over formulation, compliance, and integration into complex end-use products is required. Below we outline downstream applications that depend on this raw material, matched to relevant standards, industry-specific dosages, process points, and final product forms.

    1. Oxidative Hair Dye Formulation

    Professional and consumer hair dye manufacturers rely on P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate as a primary oxidative dye precursor. Its molecular stability and color development properties affect coverage, shade range, and longevity in permanent coloration systems. Inclusion and handling must meet cosmetic grade controls and address EU and US restrictions, with precise dosing driven by target color intensity and regulatory thresholds.

    Industry compliance standards

    • EU Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009, Annex III
    • US FDA 21 CFR Part 73.2645
    • ASEAN Cosmetic Directive
    • Japan Standards of Quasi-Drugs (JSQD)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.2%–2.0% w/w in finished hair dye formula, adjusted to shade depth and national limits for leave-on or application time.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added during mixing of oxidative base and developer; dispersion ensures even reactivity during in situ color formation.

    Final product types

    • Permanent cream hair dyes
    • Lotion hair colorants
    • Foam hair dyes
    • Professional salon coloring kits

    2. Synthetic Fiber Dyeing (Textiles)

    The compound’s high tinctorial strength allows textile dyehouses to apply it in direct or oxidative dye baths for polyamide and acrylic fibers. Strict environmental and product stewardship policies shape its use, especially regarding residual content and worker safety. Dyehouses often modify loading based on fabric weight, desired shade, and post-processing requirements such as fastness testing.

    Industry compliance standards

    • OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 Restricted Substances List
    • ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substances List (MRSL)
    • REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
    • GB/T 18401-2010 National General Safety Technical Code for Textile Products (China)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.05%–1.5% on fiber weight, dependent on desired depth of tone and bath exhaustion efficiency.

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged to dye bath; interacts in aqueous solution with mordants or oxidizing agents under controlled temperature and pH, prior to rinsing and fixation steps.

    Final product types

    • Colored nylon yarns
    • Dyed acrylic staple fibers
    • Polyamide textile fabrics
    • Industrial workwear and hosiery

    3. Photographic Chemical Development

    Producers of black-and-white and color photographic materials employ P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate as a key developing agent, reacting with exposed silver halide crystals to generate image density. Laboratory and coated product lines must observe purity and contaminant controls, while exact incorporation depends on process temperature and desired image contrast.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 18911:2010 (Imaging materials – Processing chemicals)
    • ANSI/NAPM IT9.15-1997 Photographic Activity Test
    • RoHS 2011/65/EU (Restriction of Hazardous Substances for certain imaging devices)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.1–0.6 g/L in photographic developer working solution, balanced for emulsion thickness and process cycle.

    Downstream process integration

    • Dosed directly into developer concentrate; introduced during the developer tank fill or replenishment cycles, prior to anti-oxidant and preservative additions.

    Final product types

    • Photographic developer concentrates
    • Black-and-white film processing kits
    • Color photographic paper developer baths

    4. Polymer Stabilizer Intermediates (Rubber & Plastics)

    Industrial rubber compounders and plastics resin formulators use P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate as a precursor for antioxidant additives. These protect against degradation during processing and service life, especially in high-flex or ozone-exposed articles. Batch dosage responds to base polymer composition, while environmental and workplace compliance require careful tracking of precursor inputs.

    Industry compliance standards

    • EU REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 on precursors
    • ASTM D4670 (Rubber – Antioxidant Performance Testing)
    • GMP for food-contact polymers where applicable (EU 2023/2006)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Used at 0.05%–0.3% of masterbatch weight, modified per polymer type (NR, SBR, EPDM) and shelf-life targets.

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced in early compounding or additive blending stage, before extrusion or vulcanization of elastomeric materials.

    Final product types

    • Automotive tire sidewalls
    • Shoe sole materials
    • Industrial hoses and belts
    • Plastic packaging films (where allowed by regulation)

    5. Specialty Ink and Toner Manufacturing

    Production of oxidative printing inks and electrophotographic toners for secure documents and specialty packaging leverages the high color fastness and molecular reactivity of this intermediate. Formulators monitor its contribution to chroma and stability, with compliance governed by maximum residue levels and end-use safety standards. Dosage is tailored by pigment load and ink type.

    Industry compliance standards

    • EN 646 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs
    • REACH 1907/2006 Annex XVII (restrictions for inks/toners)
    • ISO 2836:2021 (Printing inks – Resistance to solvents and chemicals)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.1%–1.0% by total ink or toner batch weight, adjusted by print density and compatibility with other dye precursors.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added during pigment dispersion or as part of the colorant premix; well-controlled mixing ensures even response during curing or printing operation.

    Final product types

    • Security printing inks
    • Electrophotographic toner powders
    • Food packaging label inks
    • Passport and ID card print media
    Free Quote

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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate: Expertise from a Chemical Manufacturer’s Workbench

    A Look into P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate—Our Perspective

    Each batch of P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate (PPD Sulfate) we craft reflects a legacy of hands-on chemistry and a deep respect for process. In our shop floors and labs, PPD Sulfate is more than a chemical label—it represents the result of years turning raw materials into cornerstone ingredients that drive innovation in industries like hair dye, polymer manufacturing, and specialty coatings. There’s a unique scent and heft to quality PPD Sulfate, tied directly to the care and procedural honesty maintained through its production.

    How We Approach Quality and Specification

    Years on the factory floor have taught us that quality always starts with raw material selection. We source aniline of proven purity, make the time for precise reduction, then bring in rigorous filtration before moving ahead to crystallization. For our PPD Sulfate, we stick with the white-to-light-gray crystalline powder form because this ensures better dissolution and consistent reaction in end uses. The absorption spectrum, granule size, and water-solubility showcase batch-to-batch fidelity—the properties customers have come to rely on. We keep impurity limits below market tolerances, not just for regulatory compliance, but to protect downstream yields and avoid unwanted side-reactions.

    Most customers request assays above 99.5%. Our experience shows that even a small drop in assay leads to incomplete reactions and unpredictable performance, especially where oxidative dyeing processes depend on stable intermediates. High purity not only brings about reliability but also extends product shelf life and process safety on customer sites.

    Where P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate Gets Its Real Value

    We see PPD Sulfate feature most prominently in hair dye manufacturing. As a direct supplier to some of the world’s largest hair colorant brands, we’ve watched trends come and go, but the demand for true-to-tone, lasting color holds steady. Chemists working with our material report well-defined shades with minimal byproducts. Because sulfate salts dissolve cleanly in polar solvents and provide stable release of the amine component, they’ve become the mainstay for formulators chasing reproducibility. The lesser-known markets—polyimide preparation, aramid fibers, and specialty adhesives—also profit from the material’s high reactivity.

    In aramid fiber production, poorly made PPD or batches carrying persistent metallic impurities sabotage both fiber strength and flame resistance. Direct feedback from composite manufacturers showed us that our tighter controls around iron and copper content kept their lines running smoother, with fewer gelations and off-spec runs.

    Comparing Sulfate and Other Forms—Why Sulfate Wins in Practice

    PPD as a base, chloride salt, or sulfate salt often get discussed interchangeably, but on the shop floor, the differences are stark. We ran side-by-side trials with free base, PPD hydrochloride, and sulfate. The base is tricky: it oxidizes quickly, darkens on exposure to air, and produces unpredictable results in open vessel processes. PPD hydrochloride shows slightly better stability but brings more challenges during mixing: it exhibits lower solubility in water and sometimes introduces excessive chloride, a problem where corrosion or ionic contamination matters.

    Our process experience favors the sulfate. It holds a balance between chemical stability and solubility. PPD sulfate forms defined, stable crystals that ease powder handling, don’t cake up easily, and create fewer headaches for automatic feeders. Stability tests in humid conditions show the sulfate variant absorbing minimal moisture compared to the base or chloride, meaning shelf storage at customer warehouses faces less spoilage risk. Customers repeatedly tell us that the sulfate’s lower dusting improves worker comfort and safety during drum decanting and powder transfer.

    In dye formulations, sulfate’s performance stays remarkably consistent, resisting batch-to-batch drift that undermines shade accuracy or application properties. Our in-house color laboratory echoes the same findings: sulfate outperforms alternatives when color stability and solution clarity matter most.

    Insights from Downstream Applications

    Polymer processors who use our PPD Sulfate to fabricate polyimides or aramids remind us regularly how process interruptions hurt more than material costs. One incident comes to mind where a batch with minute traces of iron led to uneven molecular weights in the end polymer. We traced the problem to a single filter stage, fixed the fault, and since then, our iron levels have stayed lower than industry benchmarks. It’s lessons like these, bought through troubleshooting and direct communication, that push us to keep refining old workflows and invest in new analytical methods.

    Adhesives and specialty resin manufacturers need predictable reactivity, especially at scale. Our partners tell us they run fewer QC adjustment cycles per batch with PPD Sulfate sourced from us, compared to generic substitutions. Their feedback points to cleaner reactions, lighter final product color, and improved shelf life of intermediate pastes.

    Production Details that Matter in the Real World

    Each production run gets tracked via lot numbers. We tie these numbers right back to operator notes, raw material bins, and lab test sheets. There’s accountability here—if a batch underperforms, we drill down to the root in hours, not weeks. This level of traceability isn’t just for show; it stops problems from getting repeated and supports every claim about product quality.

    Packing remains another front where manufacturing discipline prevails. PPD Sulfate leaves our gates in double-lined polyethylene bags, tucked tight inside fiber drums. This approach cuts down contamination risk and protects crystals from atmospheric moisture. We’ve standardized unit weights around 25 kg and 50 kg; bulk customers, especially multinational dyestuff formulators, appreciate the easy fit with current processing lines.

    Handling, Environmental, and Regulatory Perspective

    Anyone handling PPD Sulfate knows it’s a strong sensitizer. Our crew has learned, sometimes the hard way, that full PPE, proper extraction, and robust training count for more than any manual ever mentions. We built training around real stories from line workers, not just checklists.

    On the environmental side, waste treatment for amine salts calls for extra vigilance. Our wastewater plant features dual neutralization steps and amine destruction technologies beyond national standards. We share these protocols openly with downstream users, because safe use doesn’t end at the factory boundary. Recent audits by regulators and large multinational clients have recognized this as a differentiator, and the back-and-forth on best practices help raise the bar industry-wide.

    Globally, the regulatory climate around aniline derivatives like PPD and its salts keeps tightening. We participate in industry bodies to stay on top of new guidelines, and have adapted our material to meet REACH, FDA, and other local standards without compromise. Our history of quick adaptation, proven through years managing nitrosamine and metal impurity risks, gives our clients confidence that future changes won’t leave them scrambling for substitutes.

    Customer Feedback and Continuous Improvement

    Over decades, we’ve received in-depth technical feedback. Customers running large-scale dye lots told us how a bad batch can set back production by days, or worse, put an entire seasonal launch in jeopardy. Consistency is less about one-off test results, more about long-term trust, and we earn that batch after batch.

    In one case, a long-term user in the textiles sector flagged sporadic color fade when using third-party material. Our audit showed rapid oxidation of contaminants in their heat setting process—a flaw our close controls prevented. After switching back, their complaint rate dropped and line shutdowns fell. These direct links between our process discipline and the success of our customer’s product lines stick with us, driving our drive for ever-tighter process control.

    Research teams aiming for more sustainable dye and fiber chemistries have come to us for samples prepared with reduced byproduct profiles or tailored solubility characteristics. While every custom batch brings unique engineering challenges, these collaborations have led to new material advances for both us and our partners.

    Innovating with P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate

    Formulation chemists in the hair color industry keep asking for faster-dissolving forms or new blends that enable gentler oxidative dye processes. We’ve trialed micronized grades, prilled forms, and co-crystallized blends, always sticking with the sulfate backbone. Early feedback from these trials highlight easier mixing at production scale, safer handling, and reduced batch-to-batch adjustment needs. We’ve learned to scale R&D only after full pilot plant validation, a step often skipped by newcomers to the field.

    Innovation doesn't happen in isolation. Our R&D team maintains steady partnerships with university labs, peer manufacturers, and industry consortia. These relationships foster new routes to synthesis, improved impurity controls, and smarter waste management—all of which keep our PPD Sulfate ahead of market needs.

    Challenges and Solutions in Manufacturing and Supply Chain

    Every manufacturer deals with price swings on aniline feedstock, interruptions in global supply lines, and rising environmental costs. Our answer has been vertical integration on key precursor chemicals and long-term supplier agreements with built-in quality audits. Warehousing near both ports and major domestic hubs ensures prompt delivery, minimizing logistics headaches and protecting downstream supply stability.

    We’ve run into—and fixed—batch inconsistencies caused by weather-driven humidity swings and seasonal variations in precursor quality. Automation and real-time analytics now support our operators, but nothing replaces the eye of an experienced technician adjusting a filtration sequence on the fly. Implementation of closed-loop process controls has trimmed downtime and given us granular statistical control over specs that matter most, like amine purity, free acid content, and moisture load.

    While automation helps, we keep a full technical team available for troubleshooting customer applications. Often, troubleshooting starts with us sending sample kits, arranging video consults on plant floors, and following up with complete analysis so root causes never go undiagnosed.

    Supporting the People Who Use Our Chemistry

    The science matters, but so does direct support for the people using our products. Many customers have trained their teams using footage and practical teaching materials we developed after witnessing the gaps between textbook procedure and shop-floor realities. Refresher courses and process review webinars, recorded live from our plant sites, bridge the gap between manufacturing and application, speeding up troubleshooting for everyone.

    Smaller users—those just starting out in specialty dyes or polymer R&D—often feel left out of traditional chemical supply relationships. We set up dedicated support for sample shipments, storage guides, and scaling advice, easing their path from prototype to pilot runs. Our background in scaling up from kilogram to metric ton lots lets us guide partners through pitfalls around solvent selection, pH control, or dosing routines.

    The Ongoing Pursuit of Better P-Phenylenediamine Sulfate

    True progress in the chemical industry means investing not only in capital and process controls but in skills and relationships. Our manufacturing crew stick with us because we recognize the expertise it takes to turn feedstock into high-value material on time, every time. We take pride in creating PPD Sulfate that performs reliably, holding its own in both classic applications and the most demanding new product launches.

    Listening closely to both challenges and praise, we see every delivery as a reflection of our reputation. Chemical synthesis can be precise, but its real-world success comes from understanding how the sum of thousands of small choices—raw material batches, employee training, in-process checks, and customer conversations—shapes outcomes in the field.

    Meeting Tomorrow’s Challenges

    Looking ahead, we recognize the ongoing scrutiny over aromatic amines in both consumer safety and environmental perspective. Our active involvement in industry forums and compliance working groups means we’re ready for advanced process changes, enhanced residue monitoring, and emerging alternatives that raise health standards.

    Customers want chemicals that don’t just tick boxes—they need materials proven on the ground, in live applications, and across production lines. PPD Sulfate earned its place as a preferred solution through years of measurable results, continuous feedback, and a manufacturer’s commitment to detail. We’ll keep raising the bar on raw material control, process adaptation, and support, so every customer—regardless of scale—can count on our expertise and drive for better solutions.