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Nitric Acid Hydrochloride

    • Product Name Nitric Acid Hydrochloride
    • Alias Aqua regia
    • Einecs 233-109-9
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    996440

    Chemical Name Nitric Acid Hydrochloride
    Formula HNO3·HCl
    Appearance Colorless to yellowish liquid
    Odor Pungent, acrid
    Molar Mass Approx. 92.5 g/mol
    Density 1.16–1.22 g/cm³
    Boiling Point Approx. 83 °C
    Solubility In Water Miscible
    Ph < 1 (strongly acidic)
    Main Use Reagent for dissolving noble metals (aqua regia)
    Hazard Classification Corrosive, oxidizer
    Storage Conditions Store in cool, well-ventilated area, away from organic materials
    Refractive Index 1.34–1.37
    Decomposition Temperature Releases toxic gases above 85 °C

    As an accredited Nitric Acid Hydrochloride factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing 500 mL amber glass bottle with secure screw cap, labeled "Nitric Acid Hydrochloride," corrosive hazard symbols, and safety instructions.
    Shipping **Nitric Acid Hydrochloride** must be shipped as a hazardous material in compliance with international and local regulations. Use corrosion-resistant, leak-proof containers, clearly labeled with appropriate hazard warnings. Ensure secondary containment, adequate ventilation, and separation from incompatible substances. Personnel handling shipping must be trained in chemical safety procedures and spill response.
    Storage **Nitric Acid Hydrochloride**—commonly known as aqua regia, a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid—should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area in chemically resistant containers, such as glass or specific plastics. Keep it tightly sealed, away from organic materials, bases, metals, and incompatible chemicals. Clearly label containers and ensure proper secondary containment to prevent spills or leaks.
    Application of Nitric Acid Hydrochloride

    Applications of Nitric Acid Hydrochloride in Industrial Manufacturing

    Nitric Acid Hydrochloride, also known as Aqua Regia when in solution, serves a critical function in several high-demand industrial workflows. As a manufacturer, we directly supply this reagent for precise roles in metallurgy, specialty chemical synthesis, electronics fabrication, pharmaceutical intermediate processing, and laboratory analytical procedures. Below, we detail our real-world downstream application profiles, including compliance needs, recommended usage ratios, integration procedures, and typical end products.

    1. Precious Metals Refining

    Industrial refining facilities use Nitric Acid Hydrochloride primarily to dissolve and separate noble metals such as gold and platinum from multi-metal ores, recycled scrap, or electronic waste. This application requires tight control of reagent ratios and bathing times to ensure high-purity separation. Workers handle the solution under controlled fume hood setups to meet safety standards, and waste neutralization follows process termination.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems
    • Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes
    • European REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
    • U.S. EPA RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) for hazardous waste handling

    Typical usage ratio

    • Mix 3 parts hydrochloric acid with 1 part nitric acid by volume to form Aqua Regia. Adjust ratios within 2.5–4:1 according to gold or platinum content and presence of base metals.

    Downstream process integration

    • Directly introduced in batch reactors after mechanical separation of target scrap or ore. Operators monitor dissolution progress, then process filtrate through precipitation stages to recover metal.

    Final product types

    • High-purity gold ingot
    • Platinum sponge
    • Recovered palladium metal
    • Refined ruthenium concentrate

    2. Electronic Component Etching

    Manufacturers in the semiconductor and electronics sectors utilize Nitric Acid Hydrochloride to etch thin-film metallic layers and prepare substrates for circuit fabrication. The solution provides controlled and selective removal of gold and platinum group metals from silicon wafers, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and high-frequency RF devices. Stringent workplace safety and ventilation measures are mandatory due to noxious fume release.

    Industry compliance standards

    • IPC-6012 for Printed Boards Qualification and Performance
    • SEMI S2 Environmental, Health, and Safety Guideline for Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment
    • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 Process Safety Management
    • RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU for hazardous substances restriction

    Typical usage ratio

    • Solution mixture ranges 3:1 to 4:1 ratio by volume (HCl:HNO3), with substrate immersion times from seconds to a few minutes, based on metal layer thickness and etch rate requirements.

    Downstream process integration

    • Applied in automated wet bench systems post deposition and lithography. The solution targets specific metal masking layers or residues before rinse and drying cycles.

    Final product types

    • Integrated circuit chips (ICs)
    • Capacitor electrode arrays
    • MEMS sensors
    • Precision radio frequency modules

    3. Analytical Chemistry and Laboratory Reagent Preparation

    High-purity Nitric Acid Hydrochloride acts as a reference solvent in analytical laboratories, especially in ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and wet chemistry digestion procedures. The reagent dissolves refractory metallic matrices, ensuring accurate quantitation in environmental monitoring, mining exploration, and metallurgical R&D. Solution preparation, storage, and disposal adhere to strict laboratory protocols.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratory Testing and Calibration
    • ASTM D5513 (Standard Test Method for Trace Elements by ICP-MS)
    • EPA Method 3052 Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion
    • Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations

    Typical usage ratio

    • Reagent mix at 3:1 volume ratio for standard Aqua Regia digestion, with sample acid exposure durations of 30 minutes to 2 hours. Dilution factors depend on sample mass and element being targeted.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added to digestion vessels containing solid state samples. After complete dissolution, operators filter solutions and proceed with spectral analysis.

    Final product types

    • Certified reference material solutions
    • Environmental trace metal analysis reports
    • Ore composition certificates
    • Industrial process compliance data sets

    4. Fine Chemicals Synthesis

    Producers of specialty chemicals utilize controlled doses of Nitric Acid Hydrochloride during chlorination, oxidation, and metal salt conversion steps. Reaction vessels must accommodate exothermic behavior and vigorous gas evolution. Operators deploy specialized corrosion-resistant equipment to reduce downtime and ensure batch-to-batch reproducibility.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 14001 Environmental Management
    • Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for Fine Chemicals
    • OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals
    • Local chemical handling and emissions licenses (e.g., China MEE, US State DEQ permits)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Volumes from 1 L to 10 L per 100 kg starting material, adjusted for substrate type, reaction temperature, and target conversion. Ratios are typically in the range of 2.5:1 to 4:1 (HCl:HNO3).

    Downstream process integration

    • Fed gradually into reaction kettles after primary reactant charging. Gas scrubbing and effluent neutralization units operate in-line with liquid transfer.

    Final product types

    • Chloroplatinic acid salts
    • Gold(III) chloride solutions
    • Platinum-based catalyst precursors
    • Rhodium compounds for catalyst manufacturing

    5. Jewelry Waste Reclamation

    Jewelry manufacturing sites and precious metal recyclers leverage Nitric Acid Hydrochloride to reclaim fine metals from offcuts, casting spills, and obsolete inventory. This ensures maximum material recapture and improved sustainability profile within workshops. Full reaction control, adequate ventilation, and strict operator training underpin safe and compliant operations.

    Industry compliance standards

    • Responsible Jewellery Council (RJC) Code of Practices
    • ISO 14001 for workshop emissions management
    • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) guidelines
    • Hazardous Waste Regulations (country specific, e.g., UK HWR 2005, US 40 CFR)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Standard use is 3:1 by volume. Ratio lowered if base metal contamination is high; elevated for larger gold/platinum quantities or multi-metal items.

    Downstream process integration

    • Applied during scheduled waste processing cycles. Added to sealed digesters or open batch tanks under continuous monitoring, then followed by selective precipitation and filtration steps.

    Final product types

    • Recycled gold bars
    • Fine platinum powder
    • Selective rhodium extracts
    • Renewed jewelry alloys

    6. Catalysts Preparation for Petroleum and Chemical Processing

    Petrochemical and chemical catalyst manufacturers deploy Nitric Acid Hydrochloride for producing noble metal catalyst precursors, especially for hydrotreating and hydrogenation units. The reagent dissolves metals and forms chloroplatinate or chloroauric acid intermediates, which are then deposited on carrier supports via impregnation or co-precipitation processes.

    Industry compliance standards

    • API 936 Refractory Installation Quality Control
    • ISO 9001:2015 for batch documentation
    • EU Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU
    • OECD Test Guidelines for the safety evaluation of chemical products

    Typical usage ratio

    • Volumes matched to precious metal loading: typically 2–5 L per kg of metal salt on support, at HCl:HNO3 ratio 3:1. Adjustment reflects metal type and desired end-loading.

    Downstream process integration

    • Solution added during catalyst impregnation step to ensure uniform distribution. Processed support is subsequently calcined or reduced as required by downstream client.

    Final product types

    • Platinum on alumina hydrotreating catalysts
    • Gold-on-carbon selective oxidation catalysts
    • Palladium catalyst precursor solutions
    • Multi-metal supported catalysts for hydrogenation and reforming
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Nitric Acid Hydrochloride: Direct from the Plant Floor

    Working every day at the intersection of chemistry and real industry needs, we focus on the materials that move modern manufacturing forward. Nitric Acid Hydrochloride, produced directly from our reactors, stands as a practical choice in many high-demand applications because of its reliable performance. After decades handling bulk acids and specialty chemicals, we’ve learned that the right product comes down to both chemical specifications and the everyday details that affect performance, safety, and downstream processing.

    Consistent Quality for Real-World Operations

    Every tank and drum that leaves our site goes through a series of batch-by-batch inspections. With Nitric Acid Hydrochloride—sometimes confused with mixed acid blends or “aqua regia”—what makes the grade is clear, color, fuming liquid with consistently assayed concentration. Typical specifications we run range from 10% to 22% Nitric Acid and 20% to 38% Hydrochloric Acid by weight, although we can adjust that for industrial customers when processing demands call for tighter tolerances. Our production lines use controlled feeding systems and corrosion-resistant reactors—no shortcuts, no unknown extras. Many requests involve trace metal control, so we keep impurities like iron, copper, and lead well below measurable thresholds. Over the years, repeat customers in electronics etching, surface preparation, and precious metal refining have let us know how crucial this is to their bottom lines.

    Performance Advantages in Industrial Use

    Unlike simple mixes prepared on-site, our plant-blended Nitric Acid Hydrochloride offers much greater uniformity batch-to-batch. For gold and platinum recovery in particular, the mixture ratio matters; not just for speed of dissolution, but for selectivity and yield. Operators in metal recycling labs and circuit board shops often mention time lost to inconsistent products, and how a steady supply from the producer lets them standardize their own methods. Our cakes, sludges, and emissions remain tightly controlled, and we invest in waste minimization. By eliminating residual chlorine and nitrogen oxides before the acid blend ever leaves the line, we help reduce the risk of unexpected corrosion or environmental releases in customer facilities. Our on-site monitoring gives our clients peace of mind, but the real benefit is less downtime and fewer unexpected process upsets.

    Safety and Handling: What We See in Practice

    Acids are not forgiving, and Nitric Acid Hydrochloride has its own quirks compared to running straight Nitric or Hydrochloric. Operators with years behind the valve know it gives off potent fumes, especially on warm days or if venting isn’t kept up. The blend reacts readily with organics and light metals, giving off heat and noxious gases. Because we ship in lined tankers and high-density containers, we’ve found companies can limit exposure and keep transfer losses minimal. We always recommend personal protective equipment—faceshields, gloves, acid-resistant gear—and regular leak checks on gaskets and connections. On our plant floor, before we load or blend, our teams check containment trenches and monitor vapor scrubbers. These details save headaches on environmental compliance and insurance reports as well.

    Comparing to Related Acid Products

    Some customers ask why not just blend acids themselves, or swap to a different formulation. After years troubleshooting for industrial partners, we’ve seen several reasons Nitric Acid Hydrochloride delivers better value. If you try to mix on the shop floor, the ratios shift and small errors can multiply fast—leading to hazardous splashing, wasted reagents, or uneven reaction profiles. Many “off-the-shelf” acids have trace contaminants from prior processing, which may look insignificant but will affect metal assay or catalytic reactions. Large-scale nitric or hydrochloric production targets the highest individual purity at the lowest cost per ton, but those strengths often don’t translate when you need high-accuracy mixed reagents. By focusing processing energy and purification here, we reduce both cost and hazard further down the production chain.

    Applications from Gold Recovery to Precision Cleaning

    The core of demand still comes from those who need quick, reliable dissolution of noble metals. In jewellery, e-waste recycling, and specialty plating, Nitric Acid Hydrochloride is nearly synonymous with dissolving gold, platinum, or palladium off complex substrates. The unique reactivity—the “activated” chlorine from combining the acids—breaks down metals that resist attack from single reagents. Customers who process integrated circuits or fine wires need a solution that not only acts fast but stops clean, limiting pitting or over-etching. A consistent plant-made blend ensures repeatable results and helps manage chemistry in downstream rinses. Over the last few years, demand has grown in precision glass cleaning, lab reagents, and certain battery materials, so process engineers rely on its strong oxidative power and ability to remove fine surface contamination.

    Field Experience: What Technical Teams Say

    Each industry finds value differently. Refineries care about yield and solvent compatibility. Asset recovery operations demand safety in confined spaces. Electronics manufacturers want purity and anti-corrosive packaging. From what we see, companies aiming for tighter environmental controls find they can meet air and wastewater limits more easily with professionally prepared blends than with sporadic manual mixing. Many small-batch users have told us about accidents or batch failures traced directly to “homemade” blends with inconsistent reactivity. The best outcomes happen with structured supply, regular deliveries, and transparent documentation—the kind we arrange directly with technical buyers and plant foremen. Every field visit or pilot test ends up revealing a small process tweak that saves either money, downtime, or headaches. That continuous feedback loop between our process engineers and on-site users improves both sides, and nothing beats a phone call from someone who just saved hours of rework because the acid blend performed exactly as planned.

    Lessons Learned from Bulk Production

    Producing Nitric Acid Hydrochloride at scale means watching both chemistry and logistics. Raw material selection is crucial. We source nitric and hydrochloric acids only from verified suppliers, who provide certificates of assay every time. Right in our unloading bays, we run our own verification and backing tests—iron, heavy metals, stabilizer content—before any mixing begins. The reactors themselves use specialized alloys, not just standard steel, because of the highly corrosive environment. Over the years, we have tested multiple liner compositions and flow rates to minimize hotspots and prevent buildup. Careful pressure and temperature control reduce vapor loss, which also improves both safety and yield. Waste gases get captured and scrubbed. The acid is then transferred into cooled staging tanks, before filling customer containers. These details might seem minor until field reports show how skip steps or rushed batches lead to unreliable supply or safety concerns. As industrial crews push for faster turnaround and tighter cost controls, every tweak we make in the factory shows up as reliability down the line.

    The Environmental Factor

    Regulation changes constantly in our business. A few years back, many buyers wanted blends with maximum strength—now, tighter focus rests on managing waste and minimizing emissions. Our compliance team runs ongoing audits, recording not just acid purity but total chlorine and nitrogen oxide release. Real-world results depend on prompt spill containment and robust vapor management, especially when acids move from drum to process tank. By shipping in sealed, dedicated containers and providing detailed batch analysis, we help customers keep regulatory paperwork tight and meet both local and regional requirements. In some regions, zero-discharge mandates place pressure on both producers and users. By investing in vapor reduction and recycling, we work hand-in-hand with downstream facilities to help track emissions and reuse byproducts when possible. These changes come from years of seeing penalties and shutdowns hit companies that simply “pour and hope.”

    Why Control Matters: Purity, Packaging, and Reliability

    Technical buyers know that acid performance in the field never comes down just to chemical analysis. Storage and shipping introduce their own contamination risks. We saw early on that if an acid spends more than a few days in unsuitable drums or tankers, trace metals or polymer residues can leach in. So we use lined containers, provide shelf-life guidelines, and offer technical support for inventory turnover. We always recommend storing Nitric Acid Hydrochloride in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas, away from organics and incompatible materials. Staff receive regular updates and guidance as we adjust shipping or packaging based on new regulations and material science findings. This reduces headaches not only in warehousing but also when handling returns or recycling spent acid. By managing packaging and documentation as strictly as we manage the blend, we build trust that lasts downstream.

    Feedback from Heavy Users: What Matters Most

    The most useful insights always come directly from the field. Technicians working back-to-back shifts in recycling plants, lab managers in universities, chemical etchers processing large batches of components—they all point to the same positives and pain points. For them, “good acid” is one that arrives hassle-free, dispenses easily, fumes controlled, and reacts consistently from drum one to drum twelve. Problems come from uneven viscosity, unexplained color shifts, or batch-to-batch differences in fuming or acid strength. We track every complaint and every commendation, feeding that data back into our process schedules and reactor settings. It’s common for plant managers to adjust their whole workflow around delivery windows, so we prioritize transparency and prompt communication about lead times or transport hiccups. When we get things right, these customers say process interruptions go down, operators trust the product, and environmental records stay clean.

    Supporting New and Niche Applications

    Innovation comes from small tweaks and big ideas alike. In the past few years, we have collaborated with researchers working on advanced battery systems, high-purity catalyst preparation, and rare earth separation. The demands on Nitric Acid Hydrochloride in these fields push us to fine-tune trace impurity levels, adapt concentrations, and often run custom pilot batches. Instead of just following a recipe, we invest in dynamic process control, using in-line measurement and continuous feedback. These trials have revealed subtle effects—such as how trace chloride content alters rare metal extraction yields, or how a slight pH drift influences downstream product color. By supporting experimenters and startups as actively as large-volume customers, we extend the practical reach of Nitric Acid Hydrochloride and help lead new uses in specialty sectors.

    Industry Partnerships: More Than Just Chemistry

    Working directly with users gives a broader perspective than lab testing alone. Each partnership brings us closer to understanding new challenges: evolving purity standards, balancing safety with cost, adapting logistics to unpredictable demand spikes. By walking the line between high-touch, customized blends and streamlined bulk production, we aim to support everyone from small innovators to major chemical processors. We run technical workshops and plant tours not because it’s expected, but because end-user feedback helps us see gaps before they widen. If a blend doesn’t perform, energy gets wasted pushing up yields or troubleshooting downstream. That hurts both margins and morale. When the blend works—when the drums show up just as expected and run smoothly—customers send operators home safely at the end of every shift, and companies alike can scale up ambitious projects with confidence.

    Continuous Improvement and Real-World Testing

    Process optimization never ends. Each year brings new regulations, new market demands, and at least a handful of equipment upgrades. In our nitric acid hydrochloride lines, the key changes over the past several cycles include greater automation during blending, more closed-loop quality testing, and software-driven scheduling to manage order flow. In one case, a refinery’s request to isolate specific metal ions forced us to address a tiny source of cross-contamination; tracking it upstream led not only to immediate fixes but also a new standard for all lots. We routinely invite worker input—from lab techs swapping out probes, to forklift drivers looking for leak signs—because those eyes catch details that spreadsheets never do. Regional differences in raw materials and incoming acid blends mean we keep our R&D and QA teams in close contact, sharing results from one plant to improve another’s process. Each repeated success in one sector becomes a proof point for new customers, giving us both the confidence and data to tackle higher-complexity projects.

    Future Trends: Where We See Nitric Acid Hydrochloride Going

    Markets change, products evolve, and user expectations rise. A decade ago, few imagined that electronics recycling would grow so swiftly, or that regulatory attention would zero in on acid recovery as tightly as on emissions and groundwater. Our company keeps pace by staying adaptable—not just in blend ratios, but in packaging, documentation, and support. Rather than betting on a single end use, we explore new applications led by customer demand. From high-value material recovery to the push for closed-loop supply chains, the appeal of Nitric Acid Hydrochloride depends on both robust production and the ability to control product exposure from plant floor to final step. Plant safety, compliance, and trustworthy supply remain our guiding principles. That commitment, tested every day in drums and tankers moving from our warehouse to user sites, defines what we do as manufacturers, not just as chemical suppliers.

    Summary: A Manufacturer’s Perspective on Getting It Right

    The real story of Nitric Acid Hydrochloride is not just about chemical formulas. We see that every step—from raw acid verification, through careful blending, to safe shipping—matters in ensuring each user gets reliable, predictable results. Mistakes cost time, money, and sometimes far more, so each reactor run and container fill reflects lessons learned on the plant floor. Listening to the people who use our acid—technicians, lab analysts, process engineers—lets us refine both process and product year after year. While the chemistry has long been understood, the practical job is in making sure real-world performance stands up every time. Our success rides on every safe, effective batch delivered, and every partnership built on trust in the product. That’s what keeps us moving forward in the world of industrial acids.