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Iron(Iii) Chloride

    • Product Name Iron(Iii) Chloride
    • Alias Ferric chloride
    • Einecs 231-729-4
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    660980

    Chemicalname Iron(III) chloride
    Formula FeCl3
    Molarmass 162.204 g/mol
    Appearance Dark brown crystals
    Meltingpoint 306 °C
    Boilingpoint 316 °C (decomposes)
    Density 2.90 g/cm3
    Solubilityinwater 74 g/100 mL (20 °C)
    Odor Sharp, choking odor
    Casnumber 7705-08-0
    Ph Highly acidic in aqueous solution
    Oxidationstate +3
    Refractiveindex 1.826
    Vaporpressure 1 mmHg (100°C)
    Color Dark green to brownish-yellow (hydrates in solution)

    As an accredited Iron(Iii) Chloride factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Iron(III) Chloride: Supplied in a 500g airtight, amber glass bottle with a secure screw cap, labeled with hazard and handling information.
    Shipping Iron(III) Chloride should be shipped in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers, away from moisture and incompatible substances. It is classified as a hazardous material and must be labeled and handled according to local, national, and international regulations. Proper protective measures should be taken to prevent leakage and environmental contamination during transport.
    Storage Iron(III) chloride should be stored in a tightly sealed container, away from moisture and incompatible substances such as strong bases and oxidizers. Keep it in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, protected from light and humidity, as it is highly hygroscopic and can corrode metals. Use containers made of glass or certain plastics to prevent reactions with metals.
    Application of Iron(Iii) Chloride

    Applications of Iron(III) Chloride in Industrial Manufacturing

    Iron(III) chloride serves as a critical raw material across multiple industrial segments. Its reactivity, solubility, and catalytic functions support precise process requirements in both commodity and specialty production settings. Below, we outline key downstream applications with relevant compliance, dosage, process, and end-product details.

    1. Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment

    Operators depend on iron(III) chloride in coagulation and phosphorus removal. During primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages, it reacts efficiently with suspended solids and phosphates. It enables facilities to meet discharge limitations by forming settleable flocs and reducing eutrophication risks. The material’s addition method, dosage calibration, and contact time directly affect heavy metal reduction, sludge dewatering, and final effluent quality. Selection of composition and purity level should align with regulatory frameworks governing potable water, industrial discharge, and sludge management.

    Industry compliance standards

    • US EPA 40 CFR Part 133 & 503 Sludge Standards
    • EN 870:2013 (Coagulants for water treatment)
    • ISO 3696:1987 Water for analytical laboratory use
    • Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) Guidance, UK

    Typical usage ratio

    • 5–80 mg Fe/L for phosphate precipitation
    • Variation depends on influent phosphate concentration and TSS load
    • Jar test optimization establishes plant-specific dosage
    • Continuous adjustment via SCADA or inline feedback

    Downstream process integration

    • Dosed at rapid-mix or contact tanks prior to sedimentation
    • Fed by metering pumps via dedicated storage systems
    • Sludge conditioning upstream of mechanical dewatering
    • Possibility of integration with chemical phosphorus removal systems

    Final product types

    • Treated municipal water
    • Industrial plant effluent
    • Stabilized sewage sludge cake
    • Reclaimed water for non-potable reuse

    2. Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Manufacturing

    Copper etching processes utilize iron(III) chloride as an aqueous etchant. It ensures precise, anisotropic removal of copper layers, defining circuit traces in rigid and flexible boards. Etching rates and bath stability depend on temperature, agitation, and concentration control. Monitoring of impurity buildup and free acid levels is essential for meeting process yield and dimensional tolerance. Downstream users must ensure chemical purity, as trace contaminants can impair photoresist stratification or create surface defects.

    Industry compliance standards

    • IPC-6012: Qualification and Performance for Rigid PCBs
    • JEDEC J-STD-001 (Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies)
    • RoHS 2011/65/EU Directive
    • QC080000 IECQ HSPM System (Hazardous Substance Process Management)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 40–48% w/w solution for standard etch lines
    • Etching rates optimized at 132–150 g/L FeCl3
    • Bath regeneration systems recirculate spent solution with incremental dosing
    • Make-up rates adapt to board type, target line width, and production throughput

    Downstream process integration

    • Applied directly in conveyorized spray or immersion etching cells
    • Inline filtration to remove undissolved copper residues
    • Sequence: Photoresist patterning > Copper etch > Resist stripping > Rinse
    • Closed-loop systems incorporate spent solution recycling and treatment

    Final product types

    • Single- and double-sided copper-clad laminates
    • Multilayer printed circuit boards
    • Flexible and rigid-flex PCBs
    • Prototype or mass-production electronic assemblies

    3. Industrial Dye and Pigment Synthesis

    Colorant producers use iron(III) chloride as a key oxidizing agent and mordant in synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing. By modulating oxidation conditions, it influences chromophore formation, hue, and fastness properties. Reaction temperature, pH, and secondary components impact yield and color stability. In certain processes, iron salts participate in direct precipitation of iron oxide pigments, allowing fine control of particle size, dispersibility, and brightness critical to coatings, plastics, and ink formulations. Product traceability and batch uniformity remain essential for international color and safety standards.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ASTM D3721 (Pigment Identification)
    • ISO 787 (General Methods for Pigments and Extenders)
    • EN 71-3:2013+A3 (Toy Safety — Migration of certain elements)
    • REACH Regulation EC/1907/2006 (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.5–1.5 molar equivalents for oxidation steps in azo and triphenylmethane dyes
    • Iron pigment synthesis uses 200–300 g/L in aqueous precipitation
    • Dilution or concentration tuning for target chroma and particle morphology
    • Scale-up includes pilot-to-plant transfer based on batch size and reactivity

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged to oxidation reactors via feed tanks
    • Precipitation with controlled addition to pigment slurry
    • Combined with filtration, washing and milling lines
    • Drying and post-surface treatment for end-use property control

    Final product types

    • Organic and inorganic pigments for paints and coatings
    • Dispersed dyes for textiles
    • Color concentrates for plastics and masterbatches
    • Printing inks and toners

    4. Chlorine Substitution and Catalytic Chlorination in Pharmaceuticals

    API and intermediate manufacturers utilize iron(III) chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst and chlorination agent in specific halogenation steps during synthesis of drugs and fine chemicals. It activates aromatics, alkenes, and select heterocycles, enabling regioselective chlorine incorporation under controlled conditions. Process development teams optimize parameters such as solvent type, temperature profile, and stoichiometric balance for maximum yield, minimal byproduct formation, and clear downstream purification. The quality and impurity profile of the material must comply with pharmaceutical-grade specifications to prevent carryover of non-volatile residues into regulated drug substance streams.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice for APIs
    • US Pharmacopeia (USP) General Chapter <797>
    • European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monographs
    • FDA 21 CFR Part 210/211 (GMP for finished pharmaceuticals)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.1–1.0 molar equivalents as catalyst or stoichiometric reactant, based on substrate type
    • Adjustment in scale-up phases to mitigate exotherms and optimize conversion
    • Purified grades required for sensitive synthetic stages
    • Reagent excess or quench per GMP batch record

    Downstream process integration

    • Fed into jacketed batch reactors via nitrogen-blanketed transfer
    • Catalyst recovery through aqueous workup and phase separation
    • Integration with inline PAT (Process Analytical Technology) for real-time QC
    • Support for continuous-flow chlorination in high-throughput lines

    Final product types

    • Active pharmaceutical intermediates (chlorinated aromatics and heterocycles)
    • Final drug substances with halogenated motifs
    • Fine chemicals for crop protection synthesis
    • Specialty reagents for diagnostic use

    5. Regeneration and Maintenance of Ion Exchange Resins

    Industrial water treatment systems apply iron(III) chloride in specialized cleaning of anion exchange resins, especially for removal of sulfides, arsenic, and organic foulants. The chemical’s high oxidation potential breaks down sulfur compounds and restores resin capacity, extending bed life. Operators monitor chloride load and iron residuals to comply with effluent specifications, while resin compatibility and exposure duration impact equipment durability. Batch or inline regeneration protocols use controlled chemical additions, with rigorous flushing procedures for post-treatment safety.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ANSI/AWWA B604: Ion-Exchange Resins for Water Treatment
    • NSF/ANSI Standard 61: Drinking Water System Components
    • Global GBT 5750.4-2006 (Testing of water for drinking and wastewater)
    • ISO 9001:2015 for process quality management

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1–5% w/w FeCl3 solution for resin regeneration cycles
    • Exact ratio determined by resin specification and degree of fouling
    • Regenerations performed episodically based on monitored breakthrough
    • Post-regeneration washing ensured by conductivity or color endpoint

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced through dedicated resin cleaning loops
    • Preceded or followed by sodium chloride or acid/alkali conditioning
    • Inline analytical monitoring for iron residue
    • Integration with automatic valve sequencing in programmable logic controllers (PLC)

    Final product types

    • Deionized and ultrapure water for power generation
    • Process water for semiconductor manufacturing
    • Feedwater for pharmaceutical and food-grade production
    • Regenerated ion exchange resins for closed-loop reuse
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Iron(III) Chloride: From Our Production Floor to Your Process

    Building Reliable Supply with Real Chemical Experience

    Our journey with Iron(III) Chloride began decades ago, back when demand revolved mostly around water purification for municipal systems. Early batches left little room for error. Impurities made the difference between a clear, functional solution and unwanted process interruptions. Over time, our facility grew from simple batch reactors to a tight, continuous system, with better process control at every step. Experience taught us that every drum and every ton of Iron(III) Chloride matters—because somebody downstream relies on quality and consistency the way our team relies on a steady reaction and a stable supply chain.

    Product Grades and Physical Characteristics

    We produce Iron(III) Chloride as both a technical grade liquid and a high-purity anhydrous solid. Our standard liquid runs at 40% iron chloride by weight, a deep reddish-brown solution, carefully filtered to remove suspended solids before it leaves our plant. The solid grade comes as dark crystalline flakes, often sought by electronics and etching specialists where water content and trace impurities directly affect performance. Transitioning between grades calls for precise process changes. Different industrial customers trust the consistency that flows from long-maintained filtration routines, precise reaction controls, and every small tweak we have learned to make over years spent standing along the production line.

    Meeting the Demands of Old and New Applications

    Some of our oldest utility clients have dosed Iron(III) Chloride into flocculation tanks for decades. The familiar routines of coagulation bring a daily rhythm—our team monitors the ferric solution tanks and checks settled sludge, understanding that every shift is responsible for more than just numbers on a sheet. Watching treated water flow clear drives home the purpose of chemical production. In water treatment, Iron(III) Chloride outperforms alternatives like alum in tough cases: it cuts through high turbidity, tolerates swings in source water chemistry, and captures many kinds of organic and inorganic particles.

    Beyond waterworks, electronics manufacturing has presented new challenges for Iron(III) Chloride. Copper etching for printed circuit boards relies on strict purity. Production demands have changed, too. Etching baths cannot tolerate impurities left from sloppy crystallization. Each production run races against the clock, so downtime or inconsistency in crystal size translate directly to delays for our customers. Running extra particle size controls and dust collection after the drying step became a norm — not just to meet specs, but to keep our shop floor clean and safe.

    In pigments, Iron(III) Chloride lays the foundation for a range of iron oxides. Ceramic and dye clients push specs in unique directions, calling for flexible production switches and tight inventory tracking. Years ago, a surge in pigment demand taught us to stagger production cycles rather than stretch the limits of existing output. Rushing a “hot batch” brings headaches—slower, smaller runs handle high-purity pigment orders better. And in those cases, our operators keep a sharp eye on trace heavy metals, stripping out anything that could affect the final color or reactivity.

    We see differences between product models daily—not only batches, but also the sourcing of raw materials. To control iron purity, we source iron scrap and ore from vetted providers, and sort feedstock aggressively before even entering the reactor. The chloride source—often hydrochloric acid—presents its own quality checks. Poor acid leaves excess volatiles and can build up unwanted side by-products. Years down the line, we have adopted closed-loop acid recycling, reducing both cost and emissions, while keeping a tighter grip on finished product consistency.

    Comparing Iron(III) Chloride to Other Iron Salts

    From the operator’s bench, one key distinction stands out—Iron(III) Chloride is strongly acidic and highly reactive, even compared to close cousins like Iron(III) Sulfate. In water treatment, this reactivity works in its favor. Ferric chloride rapidly destabilizes colloidal matter and can perform even when pH drops to uncomfortable levels for other coagulants. Our operators watch for the exothermic “kick” when mixing, especially in large tank batches, as heat evolution can spike if not monitored.

    Price and logistics differentiate Iron(III) Chloride from Ferric Sulfate or even Ferrous Sulfate. Ferric chloride is more corrosive and demands careful handling and storage, so we invested early in lined steel tanks, specialty pumps, and regular employee training. By keeping every valve and gasket up to spec, we avoid the unpleasant lesson of chloride-induced corrosion in plant infrastructure. In return for these extra steps, our clients see more effective water treatment, broader pH tolerance, and less sludge volume—a long-term savings that most plant engineers appreciate.

    Back in pigment and catalyst applications, Iron(III) Chloride's lighter molecular weight brings particular advantages for certain formulations. As a raw material in specialized catalyst manufacturing, the high iron content per unit weight has let some downstream users cut the number of steps in their own plant. Early on, technical teams from partner companies visited our plant floor to check, not only our certificates of analysis, but our people, our records, our tanks, and our quality routines. After those open-door visits, a handshake means more to us than just a contract—our team’s pride comes from customers who return batch after batch, confident they'll get the exact same product for years.

    Handling, Delivery, and Long-term Value

    Experience with Iron(III) Chloride goes beyond reaction chemistries. To ship a solution that maintains stability for weeks in a railcar or drum, we test for more than just the “headline” iron concentration. Color, particle cleanliness, and free acid content all tell us whether a batch ships or lands in our rework tanks. Weather-induced thermal swings in transit taught us early to design our drums and containers to avoid freeze-thaw separation, so end users never have to unclog lines or remix “settled” solution. Regular feedback from site delivery engineers shaped the ergonomics of our container sizes as much as any outsourcer’s focus group ever could.

    End users in electronics need anhydrous product, so we run a dedicated drying and packaging line—complete with nitrogen blanketing to prevent moisture pick-up. A humid day, missed vent check, or slow-down in the drying train all create headaches traced directly back to packaging integrity. Those details matter not just for product claims, but for operator safety and downstream processing.

    For waste treatment clients, delivery logistics often matter as much as iron content. Small plants ask for manageable drums; sprawling municipal facilities benefit from bulk tanker shipments. Our team maintains both scales, sometimes dispatching both formats in a single day from the same production run. A robust system of checks, from batch records to shipment logs to on-site training sessions, guides us in avoiding cross-contamination and delivering product that’s ready to perform.

    Quality Assurance through Real Chemical Manufacturing

    Every operation lives and dies on its process controls. For Iron(III) Chloride, we start with iron feedstock free from excess heavy metals. We routinely pull in third-party verification for elements like lead, cadmium, and mercury, because a missed impurity means not only a failed shipment, but sometimes a risk to a customer’s whole workflow. Years of in-house and outside audits keep us honest, and every shift crew understands—the fastest way to lose a client is to trade quick output for carelessness.

    We worked hard to nail down filtration steps that strip suspended solids. The tiniest particulate carries downstream, sometimes building up in users’ tanks and pipes, creating more cost than savings in the long run. Similar rules apply for color—while the dark base color of Iron(III) Chloride solution signals concentration, a batch with excessive cloudiness points to a problem. Operators trace the cause: mixing problems, feedstock contamination, or equipment fouling. Fixing these issues before shipment prevents callbacks, unscheduled maintenance, and even lawsuits.

    Our technical team runs regular training not just on “routine” production, but on troubleshooting spikes in free acid, trace metal fluctuation, and temperature out-of-spec events. Those lessons, handed down from older operators to new hires, help keep core process knowledge alive. As a manufacturer, we see first-hand how automation can support these routines, but never fully replace judgment honed by years on the job.

    Why Iron(III) Chloride Still Dominates Across Industries

    From treating grimy city water to supporting precise electronics fabrication, Iron(III) Chloride stands out for its versatility. We find its chemistry flexible under shifting operating conditions—in coagulation tanks, pigment production, etching baths, and pharmaceuticals. Its ability to handle a broad range of contaminants, coloring agents, and metals gives operation managers one less variable to worry about.

    Cost counts, too. Clients with experience in alternative iron salts usually come back for the blend of performance and price point unique to Iron(III) Chloride. Over the years, incremental changes in production—better heat exchangers, closed-loop water management, tighter emission controls—add up not just in environmental compliance, but in product reliability. Newer automation in quality testing has helped, but no machine beats the careful eye of a veteran operator checking a sample’s color and clarity before release.

    In recent years, pushes toward green chemistry and tighter environmental rules re-emphasized the need to do more with less by-product or waste. Iron(III) Chloride plays a part, as its efficiency in water treatment helps lower the overall chemical footprint. Plants want fewer additives and smaller sludge volumes—exactly the type of performance our experienced team aims to deliver, batch after batch.

    Continuous Improvement Driven by the Realities of Manufacturing

    Customer needs change faster than ever. A surge in electronics demand means doubling anhydrous output within weeks; a spike in summer water volumes strains storage tanks and logistics. Our operations team rebuilds schedules, flexes production lines, and trades feedback with customers. Investment in equipment, not just because it’s new, but because constant production means inevitable wear. We learned over years that predictive maintenance beats emergency downtime every time.

    Better supply chain resilience also matters. Changing ore quality or acid strength can ripple through the entire process. Holding close relationships with suppliers, and sometimes even running in-house pretesting, helps guard against surprise supply disruptions. Using recycled hydrochloric acid boils down to more than just green image—doing so cuts raw material cost swings and lets us lock in a tighter chemical balance every day.

    Feedback from the field—whether a complaint about settled sludge in water containers or praise for impurity-free etching crystals—shapes our standard practices more than any external spec could. Engineers on-site report not just numbers, but details about how our Iron(III) Chloride fits with pumps, dosing systems, or filters. We respond by upgrading processes or changing recommended storage routines, because suggestions from users directly affect efficiency both inside and outside our factory.

    Facing the Future with Responsibility

    Manufacturing Iron(III) Chloride carries weight. Every phase of handling, from initial iron feedstock sorting to shipment, brings chances for error and opportunities to shine. Regulatory requirements change, but the need for clean water, reliable industrial process support, and quality assurance never fades. We see a future shaped by evolving standards and customer projects, where adaptability defines a chemical producer’s place in the market.

    Sharing plant tours with inspection teams, running in-house audits, and holding regular skills workshops keep us anchored in the reality that chemical manufacturing means more than filling orders. People in municipalities, plants, and labs everywhere depend on accuracy and safety. In every batch, we bring decades of practical know-how. Consistency, transparency, and care for every order reflect our real investments and our reputation, day in and day out.

    Iron(III) Chloride, produced by teams with hands-on experience and a focus on the genuine needs of end users, remains a vital tool—not just another commodity—but a chemical built on relationships and grounded in true process excellence.