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Chloroacetic Anhydride

    • Product Name Chloroacetic Anhydride
    • Alias chloroacetic-anhydride
    • Einecs 209-609-5
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    750576

    Cas Number 541-88-8
    Molecular Formula C4H4Cl2O3
    Molecular Weight 171.98 g/mol
    Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid
    Boiling Point 153-155 °C
    Melting Point -44 °C
    Density 1.452 g/cm³ at 20 °C
    Solubility In Water Reacts with water
    Odor Sharp, pungent odor
    Flash Point 66 °C (closed cup)
    Refractive Index 1.444 at 20 °C
    Purity Typically ≥98%

    As an accredited Chloroacetic Anhydride factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Chloroacetic Anhydride is typically packaged in 25 kg high-density polyethylene drums with secure, air-tight lids and hazard warning labels.
    Shipping Chloroacetic Anhydride should be shipped in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers, protected from moisture, heat, and incompatible substances. It is classified as a hazardous material and requires proper labeling and documentation. Transport must comply with international and local regulations for hazardous chemicals to ensure safety during transit and handling.
    Storage Chloroacetic anhydride should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from moisture, heat, and incompatible substances such as strong bases and oxidizers. Keep the container tightly closed and properly labeled. Use corrosion-resistant containers. Protect from physical damage and avoid long-term exposure to light. Always follow all applicable regulations and safety guidelines when storing this chemical.
    Application of Chloroacetic Anhydride

    Applications of Chloroacetic Anhydride in Industrial Manufacturing

    As a core intermediate in specialized synthesis workflows, chloroacetic anhydride delivers functional acetylating and chloromethylating properties to downstream processing in organic chemical manufacturing. Our chemical is produced and quality-controlled in full accordance with industry requirements, making it integral to several high-value commercial sectors. Below, we outline specific, established industrial applications—each detailing sector certification standards, technical formulation guidance, integration into manufacturing lines, and real-world end-products supplied by industry leaders.

    1. Agrochemical Synthesis: Herbicide Intermediates

    Leading agrochemical manufacturers utilize this intermediate for the acetylation and functionalization of active ingredients, notably during synthesis of phenoxy herbicides. Chloroacetic anhydride reacts at essential steps in the creation of carboxymethylated aromatic compounds, supporting selectivity and process efficiency. Demand for high conversion during batch and continuous production, alongside regulatory-driven impurity limits, drives specific formulation and process controls in this sector.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems
    • FAO/WHO International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management
    • EU REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII (for intermediates)
    • GB 20810-2006 (China national standard for pesticide active substances)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Routinely dosed at 1.1–1.3 equivalents relative to phenoxy acid substrates; fine-tuned based on reaction scale and yield optimization, ensuring limited excess to control byproduct formation

    Downstream process integration

    • Added during key condensation/esterification step via controlled feed into jacketed reactors; temperature and pH monitored to limit undesired side reactions and maximize product conversion

    Final product types

    • Herbicide actives such as MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
    • Formulated crop protection premixes and technical concentrates

    2. Pharmaceutical API Precursors: Glycine and Derivative Synthesis

    Pharmaceuticals manufacturers employ chloroacetic anhydride as a key reactant in the synthesis of glycine and N-acetylglycine. It acts as the acylating and chloromethylating agent, introducing structurally critical substituents for amino acid derivatives, peptidomimetics, and certain analgesic or antibacterial agents. API producers rely on stringent process validation and impurity mapping when using this precursor, given global pharmacopeial demands.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • USP-NF (United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary) monographs
    • European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) chapters for intermediates
    • 21 CFR Part 211 (US FDA GMPs)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.95–1.05 molar equivalents per amino acid substrate base, calculated to minimize unreacted intermediate carryover and meet API impurity thresholds

    Downstream process integration

    • Employed during the acetylation and halogenation phases of glycine derivative synthesis; metered addition in closed, validated reactor systems with in-line HPLC purity monitoring

    Final product types

    • Pharmaceutical-grade amino acids (e.g., glycine, N-acetylglycine)
    • Intermediates for antipyretic, antirheumatic, and veterinary active substance APIs

    3. Industrial Dyes & Pigments: Azo Dye Intermediate Manufacturing

    Large-scale dye and pigment plants integrate this anhydride for the acylation of aromatic amines, producing precursors essential in the generation of high-performance azo chromophores. Strong selectivity toward para-substitution during this step ensures colorfastness and tinting strength in the final pigments, with continuous in-process controls to meet endurance and toxicity policy requirements across global markets.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ZDHC MRSL (Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals Manufacturing Restricted Substances List) for textile dyes
    • OEKO-TEX Standard 100 for textile-related chemicals
    • REACH Annex XVII/1907/2006
    • EN 71-3 (Safety of toys—migration of certain elements, applicable to pigment use in plastics and inks)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Commonly charged at 0.85–1.15 equivalents per aromatic amine, adjusted according to target chromophore structure and minimization of unreacted residue

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduced at the acylation stage in stirred batch reactors under controlled temperature (60–80°C) and stoichiometry monitoring, followed by aqueous workup and isolation of intermediate

    Final product types

    • Azo dye intermediates for textile, leather, and plastics pigmentation
    • Precursor preparations for lake pigments and ink formulations

    4. Specialty Surfactants & Amphoteric Compounds: Betaine Manufacturing

    Producers of surfactants and personal care base chemicals utilize chloroacetic anhydride for creating betaine-type amphoteric agents. Through carboxymethylation of tertiary amine substrates, it enables the formation of mild, biodegradable surfactants used across cosmetic and household cleaning sectors. Exacting demand for residual monochloroacetic acid control and traceability directs batch formulation practices.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 22716:2007 (Cosmetic GMP)
    • EC Regulation No 1223/2009 (Cosmetics Regulation, Annexes II and III)
    • RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) for surfactant base requirements
    • IFRA (International Fragrance Association) guidelines for allowable components in personal care

    Typical usage ratio

    • 1.0–1.4 molar equivalents relative to amine reactant, with in-process HPLC or GC validation to validate endpoint and absence of over-chlorination

    Downstream process integration

    • Metered addition alongside tertiary amine feed during carboxymethylation, followed by neutralization, phase separation, and purification to deliver high-purity surfactant grades

    Final product types

    • Amphoteric betaines for shampoos, soaps, and skin cleansers
    • Specialty surfactant concentrates and wetting agents for hard surface cleaners

    5. Fine Chemicals: Carboxymethylation of Starch and Cellulose

    Manufacturers of modified starches and cellulose derivatives use this anhydride as a key carboxymethylation reagent, introducing functional −CH2COOH groups for enhanced solubility and binding. Rigorous byproduct monitoring and process validation, in line with global food contact and pharmaceutical excipient requirements, dictate performance and consistent quality.

    Industry compliance standards

    • FCC (Food Chemicals Codex) monographs for carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
    • USP-NF excipient standards
    • EU Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 (on plastic materials and food contact)
    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management

    Typical usage ratio

    • Applied at 0.3–0.6 parts per part of dry carbohydrate base by weight, tuned for target degree of substitution (DS) and gel properties in finished product

    Downstream process integration

    • Added to aqueous dispersion of starch or cellulose in alkaline conditions at controlled temperature; after reaction completion, product isolation and purification ensures defined viscosity and purity

    Final product types

    • Carboxymethyl starch for tablet binders and food additives
    • CMC for pharmaceutical excipients, food thickeners, and technical adhesives
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Introducing Chloroacetic Anhydride: Purpose-Built for Advanced Chemical Applications

    Direct from the Manufacturing Source

    As a manufacturer with decades of workshop experience and applied research under our belts, we see a steady demand for fine-tuned specialty intermediates. Chloroacetic Anhydride holds a unique spot among our portfolio because of its value in synthesis routes where precision in carboxymethylation and acylation counts. The market often focuses on the end product, but the route—the quality, purity, and reactivity of the intermediate—shapes everything from total yield to process safety. Over the years, we’ve seen customers, especially those from the agrochemical and pharmaceutical spaces, encounter substantial differences in their process outcomes depending on their upstream choices. It’s easy to overlook the impact raw materials can have until they create headaches on the production line or force costly workarounds.

    Our Process and Quality Mindset

    Making Chloroacetic Anhydride in-house means control from start to finish. From our reactors, we target a content not less than 98.0% (GC), which plays a huge role in minimizing variable side reactions. Trace impurities, like monochloroacetic acid or dichloroacetic acid, introduce unpredictability in sensitive syntheses. Our team learned through direct troubleshooting with clients that small spikes in impurity often lead to batch failures, color shifts, or increased purification steps later on. So, we finetune drying, distillation, and solid handling protocols—not just for regulatory checkboxes but because our own repeat test-runs consistently show tighter purity makes downstream operations predictably smoother.

    Chloroacetic Anhydride comes off as a white to almost off-white crystalline solid under standard storage. We ship in lined drums, not bags, to cut down on air and moisture exposure. Experience taught us that transportation style matters—trace moisture gets in, and aggressive hydrolysis follows, even before the customer opens the container. That means not just yield loss, but sometimes product recalls. We designed storage and logistics routines based on data from years of shipment monitoring and feedback from market partners who struggled with less careful packing.

    Why Chloroacetic Anhydride Stands Apart

    Inside our industry, people might compare Chloroacetic Anhydride to other acylating agents like acetic anhydride or chloroacetyl chloride. The differences become clear in the reaction behavior. Chloroacetic Anhydride introduces a higher-reactivity acetylating group with the additional influence of a chloro substituent, which can selectively drive carboxymethylation on complex substrates. It gives customers a route to produce fine chemicals, herbicides, and APIs where a nuanced carboxymethyl group is critical.

    Using acetic anhydride as an alternative often demands harsher conditions or ends with incomplete conversion, particularly in the presence of bulky or electron-rich groups. Chloroacetyl chloride, while common, presents greater handling hazards due to its volatility and emissions. Our field reports show fewer incidents and more consistent lab-to-plant transfer with the anhydride, especially under scale-up. The thermal stability and reduced vapor pressure compared to acid chlorides create safer production environments—a priority for any facility manager. Over the years, we made tweaks in crystal size to improve solubility matching with typical solvent and substrate systems, based on real-world batch feedback.

    Reliable Performance Where Versatility Counts

    Chloroacetic Anhydride fits best in syntheses that require high selectivity for carboxymethyl functionalization. Typical end products include certain phenoxy herbicides, pharmaceutical side chains, and various specialty esters. Research teams in polymer synthesis use it to graft carboxymethyl groups selectively on cellulose backbones, boosting performance in high-value coatings or drug carriers. From past collaboration with pilot facilities, we know that purity and timely delivery often make or break new product launches. Operational glitches rarely come from high-profile process steps—instead, they usually start with substandard or inconsistent inputs.

    Our manufacturing lines run extra in-line GC and moisture checks—above mandatory normality—because we’ve been on both sides of the customer-supplier relationship. Nobody enjoys the call about a clogged filtration or off-spec color in an active pharmaceutical ingredient because of unnoticed humidity carryover from improperly maintained supply chains. In our view, “specification” isn’t just about a number on a COA; it’s about what customers actually experience under their own batch protocols. That’s why we tune every run using direct conversations with downstream users, not just generic market expectations.

    Actual Use Cases and Field Learnings

    Over the years, we’ve worked side-by-side with formulation chemists trialing Chloroacetic Anhydride for novel crop protection agents. A standout case came from a company that was aiming to boost the yield of a phenoxyacetic herbicide. Early experiments with commodity acetic anhydride or lower-spec chloroacetic acid frustrated them—variable color, need for harsh acid scavengers, and inconsistent activity. Once they switched to our refined Chloroacetic Anhydride and adapted pre-mixing to their solvent system, their purity went up, byproducts dropped, and downstream odor improved. The turnaround didn’t happen in a vacuum; we sent technical staff to audit their onsite drying and blending to spot hidden moisture sources that triggered unwanted hydrolysis.

    Another customer in the pharmaceutical sector ran chiral side-chain synthesis for a new API. Scaling from gram to multi-kilogram reactions, they discovered the hard way how off-the-shelf material reacted differently under process heat. With unmonitored batches, they logged inconsistent conversion or over-carboxymethylation, which triggered expensive post-reaction cleanup. By shifting to an in-house tailored lot, triple-checked for acid and water content, their yield shift stabilized, and so did their regulatory compliance records.

    Our technical service doesn’t stick solely to selling drums. When downstream applications exposed unseen quirks—a gelatinous precipitate in a polyol modification run, unexpected exotherms in a pilot reactor, or minor off-odors post-reaction—we traced each back to processing routines upstream. Rolling out denser sampling and moisture mapping, we closed those gaps batch by batch, sometimes adjusting our own manufacturing routines to fit field use. The difference in feedback—faster reaction cleanout, better reproducibility, lower waste—showed that hands-on root-cause work between manufacturer and customer pays greater dividends than generic technical data sheets.

    Customization to Real-World Needs

    Chloroacetic Anhydride lends itself well to custom cuts. Some process lines thrive on finer granules for better flow and blending. Others gain from slightly coarser grades, which reduces dust and stickiness in automated handling setups. We’ve adapted storage and packaging practices on a plant-by-plant basis—switching between lined steel drums, HDPE kegs, or even inert atmospheres. These are choices born from our own learning in moving material under variable humidity and temperature, not theoretical recommendations.

    Many of our long-term partners use our Chloroacetic Anhydride in closed-feed systems feeding directly into glove-box type units for active ingredient syntheses or specialty surfactants. Bulk lots come with integrated testing for residual solvents, microcontaminants, and abnormal particulate count. It takes only a single experience of failing a GMP audit or wiping out a high-value batch due to unseen contamination to justify going well beyond the minimum for what counts as “industrial grade.” Over time, we've watched production lines shift to our material after trying cheaper sources, only to come back seeking process stability and cleaner audit trails.

    Environmental Responsibility and Worker Safety

    Chloroacetic Anhydride, like many high-reactivity intermediates, calls for a careful touch in handling and waste management. In our own operations, every step from synthesis to filling gets assessed for emissions and residue control. Closed-loop vapor recovery, efficient condensing, and monitored scrubbing systems keep atmospheric release in check and support compliance with ever-tightening standards. Onsite staff wear full PPE and follow hot-zone entry protocols; failure to respect the exothermic, corrosive nature of this material invites not just regulatory fines but real-world injury.

    Learning from past incidents—overpressurization during blending, isolated instances of eye or skin contact in poorly ventilated spaces—we now support customer sites with on-call safety and compliance consultation. Our warehouse team trains for spill response in live drills. These lessons, sometimes learned the hard way, inform how we train users downstream, provide the right containment equipment, and build logistics plans that prevent panic and personnel risk.

    Some regional markets require additional certification for products destined for tightly regulated manufacturing, especially in pharma and crop protection. We take those expectations not as hurdles but as evidence of a shifting chemical landscape—one where stricter stewardship is essential for long-term business viability. Investment in staff training, waste treatment design, and accident prevention connects directly to sustainability scorecards and long-term client trust.

    Positioned for Immediate and Future Demands

    Chloroacetic Anhydride sits at the core of precision-driven syntheses. As advanced polymers, pharmaceutical building blocks, and sophisticated fine chemicals multiply in market demand, the route to reliable carboxymethyl functionality remains vital. Our internal field tracking shows that spec changes, even tiny ones, create ripples through scale-to-market schedules and regulatory filings. By holding a firm line on process controls, continual staff training, and batch-level transparency, we reduce those industry disruptions—both for major production lines and new market launches.

    We track emerging regulations, industry audit feedback, and field performance, making adjustments not in response to generic pressure but out of direct responsibility for our clients’ outcomes. Over time, we’ve seen that supporting a customer’s growth and reputation comes from more than price competition. It demands a disciplined, transparent presence in every step of the chain, from contract manufacturing to technical troubleshooting and delivery logistics.

    Summary: More Than a Raw Material, a Keystone in Process Success

    Every kilogram of Chloroacetic Anhydride we manufacture represents more than reactive chlorine content and purity statistics. It embodies a philosophy built on learned experience—raw materials never exist in isolation; their upstream quality, handling, consistency, and field support tell the real story in the achievement of production excellence. We earn that trust through proven reliability, technical transparency, and a shared commitment to safe, responsible process development. Customers who choose direct-from-manufacturer materials gain not just a commodity but a working partner invested in their success, risk control, and long-term process innovation.

    For customers whose operations depend on precision, anti-disruption, and compliance in carboxymethylation workflows, Chloroacetic Anhydride is more than an input. It’s a tested, field-hardened foundation that enables innovation and consistency in a changing manufacturing environment.