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HS Code |
421856 |
| Chemical Name | 2-Hydroxypropionitrile |
| Synonyms | Lactonitrile |
| Molecular Formula | C3H5NO |
| Molar Mass | 71.08 g/mol |
| Cas Number | 78-97-7 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Boiling Point | 162 °C |
| Melting Point | -36 °C |
| Density | 1.02 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Miscible |
| Flash Point | 86 °C |
| Refractive Index | 1.401 at 20 °C |
| Odor | Faint, ether-like |
| Pubchem Cid | 6658 |
As an accredited 2-Hydroxypropionitrile factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 250 mL amber glass bottle, tightly sealed with a screw cap, clearly labeled "2-Hydroxypropionitrile," including safety and hazard information. |
| Shipping | 2-Hydroxypropionitrile is shipped as a hazardous material due to its toxicity and potential health risks. It should be transported in tightly sealed, chemical-resistant containers, labeled with appropriate hazard warnings. Shipment must comply with regulations such as DOT, IATA, or IMDG, and include proper documentation, spill control measures, and emergency response instructions. |
| Storage | 2-Hydroxypropionitrile should be stored in a tightly-sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and sources of ignition. It must be kept away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizers. Secondary containment is recommended to prevent spills, and proper labeling, as well as compliance with safety regulations, is essential. |
Applications of 2-Hydroxypropionitrile in Industrial Manufacturing2-Hydroxypropionitrile, also known as lactonitrile, serves as a key intermediate in several industrial sectors requiring high standards for safety, purity, and traceability. Below, we present verified downstream applications structured for technical decision-makers in formulation, process engineering, or industrial purchasing roles. 1. Synthesis of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) Chelating AgentsManufacturers in chelation chemistry use 2-hydroxypropionitrile in the multi-step process of producing EDTA. The material directly participates in the cyanoethylation of ethylenediamine, and precise formulation control is essential for minimizing reaction byproducts and ensuring compliance with purity requirements for water treatment and industrial cleaning additives. Industry compliance standards
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2. Intermediate in Acrylic Acid and Acrylamide ProductionIn the production of acrylic acid and acrylamide derivatives, downstream processors utilize 2-hydroxypropionitrile as a precursor by catalytic hydration and subsequent hydrolysis. Precision in raw material dosing and purity management is critical to achieve low levels of residual nitriles in finished monomers destined for polymerization into superabsorbents, PAAs, and SAPs. Industry compliance standards
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3. Precursor in Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) SynthesisPharmaceutical and nutraceutical producers leverage 2-hydroxypropionitrile as a starting point in the manufacture of pantothenic acid, where trace impurities can compromise vitamin quality and regulatory approval. The controlled addition allows for precise management of byproduct profiles, which is vital for meeting pharmacopoeial requirements for human consumption. Industry compliance standards
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4. Industrial Solvent Manufacturing and Custom Nitrile Derivative SynthesisSpecialty chemical companies employ 2-hydroxypropionitrile as a building block in the preparation of advanced nitrile-based solvents and custom intermediates. Proper input control and trace analysis are critical to ensure finished materials meet stringent performance and purity specifications in electronics, coatings, and engineered fluids. Industry compliance standards
Typical usage ratio
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Every batch of 2-hydroxypropionitrile leaves our reactors after careful attention to reaction control and purity. Over years of manufacturing, our operators have learned to monitor temperature surges and reactant ratios to obtain this fine colorless liquid with a faint bitter almond scent. Consistency is not just a goal; across every tanker or drum, we hold our content to minimal water and aldehyde levels, so end users don’t fight surprises on their own lines. The fine-tuned processes in our distillation columns strip unwanted byproducts and residual solvents, relying on in-line GC analysis and sharp plant chemists watching for deviations.
We produce technical, industrial, and high-purity grades aligned with sector needs. Our technical grade supports thousands of kilograms destined for acrylic acid derivatives; customers in textile auxiliaries or plastic intermediates prefer this throughput. In specialty synthesis or pharmaceutical research, we tighten parameters: GC purity above 99.5%, water below 0.2%, and minimal iron or chloride residues. These standards answer to feedback from the field—chemists in fine chemical plants, not just distant managers, push to raise benchmarks. Avoiding batch-to-batch inconsistencies saves time downstream, especially in multi-step syntheses relying on controlled nitrile content.
Down in the plant, 2-hydroxypropionitrile bridges the gap between raw hydroxy compounds and more complex, tailored molecules. Our crews see its role daily: it enters as a feedstock for amino acid derivatives, carboxylic acids, or as a building block for pharmaceuticals like β-alanine and its derivatives. The structure, with both a nitrile and alcohol group on a modest propionitrile backbone, opens up functionalization routes most other aliphatic nitriles can’t follow. That double reactivity makes it favored for constructing heterocycles and certain agricultural actives that ordinary nitriles or alcohols cannot achieve alone.
While some buyers ask about using acrylonitrile or even glycolonitrile as alternatives, our own processing engineers and R&D scientists underline the issues in such swaps. Acrylonitrile lacks the hydroxyl functionality and does not provide the same synthetic branching points—especially in applications where downstream hydrogenation or carboxylation are central. Glycolonitrile, with a different carbon skeleton, shapes reactivity and boiling points, shifting extraction and distillation system requirements. In contrast, 2-hydroxypropionitrile brings practical balance: manageable vapor pressure, versatile reactivity with bases or acids, and clear analytical fingerprinting. The product flows naturally into condensation reactions, where others struggle with side-product contamination or volatility constraints.
Over years in this sector, we’ve fielded requests from polymer manufacturers, pharmaceutical developers, and crop protection teams. Experienced formulators and synthetic chemists press for a sharp boiling range in distillation fractions, citing failures in pilot plants where off-grade supplies forced entire reactors to be cleaned. We’ve invested in vacuum distillation rigs and automated impurity detection to tune these parameters. Market shifts, from classic synthetic organic chemistry to green chemistry trends, see increased demand for the hydroxyl-nitrile functional group—many companies are seeking products with minimized byproduct footprints for regulatory compliance in the EU and the US.
There is no substitute for seeing first-hand how a contaminant like aldehyde carryover, even at sub-ppm levels, can poison a whole batch in a pharmaceutical campaign. Plant histories carry lessons: minor fluctuations in manufacturing sharply change downstream work-up, crystallization, and overall yield. Our approach, built from feedback at customer trials and internal troubleshooting, trims water content and unspecified residuals so that each drum or tanker holds up under scrutiny. Fielding calls from frustrated process managers has shaped how we test and release every delivery.
Process chemists and engineers echo a common theme—predictability. Because 2-hydroxypropionitrile offers both a primary alcohol and a nitrile group, it enables one-pot syntheses seen in amide and acid production. Scheduling teams note that batch sizes from kilo-lab to multi-ton remain easy to scale, owing to moderate vapor pressure and minimal exotherm during nitrile hydrolysis or alkylation. Nitriles without the hydroxy group often force two or three extra reaction steps, introducing higher solvent costs and longer purification steps. As regulatory controls stiffen around hazardous waste and byproducts, we tune our model to help customers meet performance targets with fewer emissions.
No other widely available synthetic intermediate offers the pairing of a primary hydroxy and nitrile functionality on a simple backbone at commercial scale. From our vantage point, this gives downstream manufacturers better control during both nucleophilic addition and selective reduction. Other suppliers sometimes push rebranded lower-spec materials—issues come to light quickly in large-scale processing, with fouled columns or clogged lines. We have learned that routine batch quality tests, including moisture, color, and impurity screening, never substitute for hands-on monitoring during actual end-use processing. The proof comes in repeat orders and direct conversations with project supervisors after difficult campaigns.
The logistics side of chemical manufacturing doesn’t receive headlines, but countless engineers know that improper temperature and atmospheric control can throw off entire supply chains. Our operators package 2-hydroxypropionitrile with tightly sealed drums, using inert gas blanketing when called for. Each shipment’s batch traceability provides customers and auditors with transparency from reactor charge to offloading at the customer facility. Failures in packaging, from unsealed lids to suspect labeling, can halt production or force unnecessary requalification steps. This is why the same warehouse team checks shipments for leaks or temperature spikes before releasing them to our haulers.
Feedback from buyers informed our logistics choices. Polished stainless drums hold up through extended warehousing and reduce contamination risk. Shipment records, with QR code access to real-time COA data, help both our team and customers track every load during transit. Our own dispatchers have handled emergency reroutings and short-lead time shipments—these scenarios test not only supply planning, but the reliability of our batch records and digital monitoring systems. By embedding this level of care in each order, customers build trust in both product quality and availability.
Industry regulations and environmental guidelines shift. Our plant meets local emissions and wastewater treatment limits with investments in catalytic incineration and closed-loop water re-use. Many customers mention the growing documentation burden for REACH and US EPA filings, especially regarding trace vagrant organics and heavy metals. In response, our analytical teams pre-test not only for traditional GC impurities, but also halogenates, organosulfur compounds, and metal ions—reporting at actionable, not just detectable, levels. Customers save time on qualification and compliance audits.
Our production technologies adapt as demand changes, from continuous flow reactors for large-lot industrial sales to modular, small-batch systems for pharmaceutical-grade requirements. Technical support lines, staffed by veteran plant chemists—not just sales staff—guide new customers through process modifications or alternative synthetic routes. These conversations often point to new downstream uses for 2-hydroxypropionitrile beyond its present markets, including flavor intermediates or bioplastic building blocks. By keeping one foot in R&D piloting and the other in full-scale production, we adjust to technical demands without losing track of delivery schedules or customer priorities.
Comparing 2-hydroxypropionitrile to similar materials, our own process experts and chemical engineers always look at hands-on metric differences. Classic acrylonitrile, though widely used for polymer and rubber manufacturing, lacks the hydroxy functionality and diverges sharply in reactivity profiles during amination or hydrolytic conditions. Other nitriles, such as propionitrile, often require aggressive conditions and show lower yields or more byproducts on follow-on chemistry. Glycolonitrile shares a cyanide backbone, but process teams toiling over batch flows and solvent choices confront headaches in equipment adaptation and post-reaction separation.
Chemical suppliers who attempt to market low-grade or repurposed nitriles frequently encounter resistance from experienced customers. The reality on the shop floor exposes batch purity flaws—clogging, smell, and safety incidents escalate quickly in full-scale operation. Over years at the production end, we’ve seen enough failed substitutions and emergency shutdowns to know that reliable, predictable 2-hydroxypropionitrile often becomes the difference between batch release and project interruption. This is not theoretical risk; it stems from seeing tanks fouled, pressure build-ups, polymers with odd coloration, and yield drops reaching double digits.
We keep our product line tailored to what real industry needs demand, not just spec sheets. Processability, cold flow behavior, and compatibility with existing infrastructure matter more than marketing hype. Our promotion of 2-hydroxypropionitrile centers on results in end-use plants and ongoing customer consultation—not abstract claims or copy-paste sales literature. The substance performs as a reliable foundation for chemical synthesis, accepted by both new tech innovators and traditional manufacturing teams alike.
The way we see it, manufacturing 2-hydroxypropionitrile calls for a partnership mindset—not simply clicking “buy” on a catalog. Facility managers, research chemists, and purchasing specialists rely on predictable timelines and actual technical support when problems arise. Our customer feedback loop, running from plant operators to R&D and back through sales, has prompted process changes: more robust anti-contamination steps, tighter monitoring during job turnover, even batch reservation for customers with cyclical needs. These changes do not grow out of abstract optimization models, but spring from conversations after hours of process troubleshooting, real-world breakdowns, and last-minute reformulation.
Experienced users of 2-hydroxypropionitrile—customers who troubleshoot mid-batch, monitor spectral purities, or design new reaction trains—inform much of our design. Early-stage project leads call for rapid COA turnarounds, clear impurity breakdowns, and assurances on in-stock availability. Some research groups insist on batch samples before confirming larger orders, using their own analytics alongside our data. We’ve rebuilt our sampling and testing workflow to match this expectation, accepting third-party checks and prioritizing transparency. Supply chain disruptions and raw material spikes remind everyone that reliability starts not in shipping, but in reactor control and rigorous analytics months earlier.
Over the years, process teams and engineers have taught us that theory rarely survives contact with the daily action of manufacturing. In cold weather, 2-hydroxypropionitrile shows increased viscosity, and standard pumps in some facilities cannot move it efficiently—our technical service team recommends on-site temperature monitoring and upgraded pump specifications for handling. Drip leaks or trace hydrolysis occasionally happen in high-humidity environments; rapid response with sealable containment and nitrogen blanketing reduce waste or accidents.
In specialty applications, residual trace metals and byproducts from raw material variations can stop an entire production run or change target isomer ratios. Our analytical department works directly with customer QC labs, adjusting for lot-specific behaviors and suggesting compatible scavenging or filtration methods. For users scaling up from bench to pilot-plant, our guidance on distillation cut points, solvent handling, and inerting protocols cuts down on trial-and-error headaches and lost productivity.
New regulatory limits, especially around persistent toxic substances, lead many buyers to request detailed impurity breakdowns—including minor halogen, sulfur, or phosphorus byproducts. Building out our capacity for advanced GC-MS and ICP-OES analysis answers these needs, while also streamlining customer registration for US EPA or REACH dossiers. We update batch records, analytical reports, and standard operating procedures to match tightened compliance requirements and customer audits, without slowing down order fulfillment or technical response time.
Manufacturers truly hone their strengths in long-term, repeated production and troubleshooting. Over time, every plant operator learns to identify subtle shifts in reaction tone, color at different stages, and off-gas signals—even before instruments confirm a problem. These skills build a product line that stands up to routine and exceptional demand. 2-hydroxypropionitrile, proprietary or standard, demands relentless attention to cleaning, sampling, record-keeping, and adaptation as industry needs change.
Moving tons of material yearly is not just logistics—it reflects years of technical improvement: sharp pH adjustment protocols, stronger filtration routines, precision reactor maintenance, and automated impurity capture. Our engineering and technical teams correct small deviations before they ever reach customer sites. Investing in plant modernization and staff training returns dividends not in marketing promises, but in reduced downtime, fewer support calls, and stronger performance in customer products from plastics to API intermediates.
The ethos here flows from years at the helm of reactors, separators, and loading docks. Manufacturing 2-hydroxypropionitrile means responding to distillation hitches at 2 a.m., boundary-pushing customer requests, and evolving industry standards for purity and safety. This mindset builds from hands-on knowledge, not just books, and it shapes every tank, drum, or smallest sample that passes from our site to yours.