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1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane

    • Product Name 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane
    • Alias Epichlorohydrin
    • Einecs 202-439-7
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
    VTB
    Specifications

    HS Code

    401876

    Cas Number 106-89-8
    Molecular Formula C3H5ClO
    Molecular Weight 92.53 g/mol
    Iupac Name 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
    Synonyms Epichlorohydrin
    Appearance Colorless liquid
    Boiling Point 117.9°C
    Melting Point -57°C
    Density 1.18 g/cm³
    Flash Point 33°C (closed cup)
    Solubility In Water Moderately soluble (6.6 g/100 mL at 20°C)
    Vapor Pressure 16 mmHg (20°C)
    Odor Chloroform-like
    Refractive Index 1.439 (20°C)
    Un Number 2023

    As an accredited 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane is packaged in a 500 mL amber glass bottle with a secure, chemical-resistant cap and hazard labeling.
    Shipping 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane is shipped as a hazardous chemical. It must be packed in tightly sealed containers, clearly labeled, and transported according to international and local regulations for toxic and flammable substances. Proper documentation, safety labeling, and handling precautions must be ensured to prevent leaks, spills, and exposure during transit.
    Storage 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition. Keep it isolated from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizers. Store in a chemical fume hood or flammable liquids storage cabinet, and ensure proper labeling to prevent accidental misuse or mixing.
    Application of 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane

    Applications of 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane in Industrial Manufacturing

    As a direct manufacturer of 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane, we supply global industrial clients leveraging this material in critical chemical synthesis and manufacturing processes. Below, we provide a comprehensive overview of its principal downstream applications based on real industrial scenarios, covering regulatory compliance, application dosing, production integration, and resulting end-products.

    1. Epoxy Resin Manufacturing for Industrial Coatings

    In the coatings industry, 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane serves as a primary epoxidation raw material, ensuring high molecular weight and stability in final epoxy resin compositions. Industrial users introduce this compound in the controlled reaction stage with bisphenol A or bisphenol F, directly affecting the mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and crosslinking properties of the resulting coating resins. This input is key to producing heavy-duty coatings for automotive, marine, and infrastructure applications, where product quality and process control are essential for achieving market and regulatory acceptance.

    Industry compliance standards

    • REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
    • RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU (coated electronics applications)
    • ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Management System)
    • ASTM D1653 (Water Vapor Transmission of Coatings)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 10–20% by weight in initial prepolymerization batches; ratio adjusted based on targeted resin epoxide equivalent weight and viscosity control.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added during the resin epoxidation step, post dehydration of bisphenol A/F. Introduced under alkaline conditions with rigorous temperature and pressure monitoring. Recovered and purified for high-performance coatings via subsequent vacuum stripping and filtration.

    Final product types

    • Powder coatings for appliances
    • Protective marine and industrial structural coatings
    • Automotive OEM and refinish paints
    • Corrosion-resistant pipeline coating systems

    2. Synthetic Glycerol Production

    As an intermediate in synthetic glycerol manufacture, chemical processors utilize 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane in hydrolysis reactions that demand strict control to avoid unwanted side reactions. This approach allows for a steady, feedstock-independent supply of high-purity glycerol, supporting industries where naturally sourced glycerol is either insufficiently pure or regionally unavailable. The process involves phase-controlled hydrolysis, purification, and distillation to reach technical and pharmaceutical quality benchmarks.

    Industry compliance standards

    • USP–NF Monograph for Glycerin
    • FCC (Food Chemicals Codex, for food/pharma grades)
    • ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management
    • 21 CFR Part 117 (cGMP for Food)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Hydrolysis input: 1.0–1.2 molar ratio per targeted mole of final glycerol, with small excess for reaction completeness; variability determined by downstream impurity management needs.

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged into specifically engineered reactors, post-neutralization and dechlorination steps to maximize conversion and minimize process byproducts. Subsequent to hydrolysis, multi-stage vacuum distillation refines the output to technical grade or pharmaceutical standards as required.

    Final product types

    • Pharma-grade glycerol (USP/FCC grade)
    • Industrial-grade technical glycerol (plasticizers, antifreeze)
    • Food additive glycerol (sweeteners, humectants)

    3. Pharmaceutical Intermediate in Active Molecule Synthesis

    Pharmaceutical manufacturers routinely apply 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane as a precursor in the synthesis of select APIs and advanced intermediates, specifically for antiviral and antifungal agents. The raw material’s unique reactivity enables the introduction of epoxy or chlorohydrin functional groups, which are critical for constructing complex small-molecule drug frameworks. This role requires rigorous documentation and traceability throughout cGMP production to ensure downstream API compliance with international drug safety standards.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 GMP for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
    • EU GMP Part II
    • FDA 21 CFR Part 210/211
    • Ph. Eur., USP monographs (as applicable to API/intermediate)

    Typical usage ratio

    • Reagent stock ratios: 0.5–2.5 equivalents per target molecule; ranges depend on reaction specificity and subsequent synthetic steps for purification or yield improvement.

    Downstream process integration

    • Reacted with nucleophilic agents (amines, alcohols) during stepwise pharmaceutical synthesis, typically under controlled temperature in batch reactors. Residuals removed through crystallization or chromatographic purification prior to further molecular elaboration to API.

    Final product types

    • Intermediate for antiviral drug molecules (e.g., nucleoside analogs)
    • Key intermediates for specific antifungal agents
    • Building blocks for specialty pharmaceutical chemicals

    4. Surfactant and Quaternary Ammonium Compound Synthesis

    1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane acts as a functional monomer and chain extender in the synthesis of amphoteric and cationic surfactants, especially for industrial and institutional cleaning formulations. Surfactant manufacturers employ it to introduce reactive epoxy or chlorinated termini, enhancing emulsification, wetting, and dispersing characteristics. The formulation specifics and purity profile must align with detergent production guidelines, especially for products entering regulated markets.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ECHA REACH Annex XVII (Surfactant registration and restrictions)
    • ISO 9001:2015
    • AISE guidelines (Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products, Europe)
    • U.S. EPA Safer Choice Standard (for cleaning product approval)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 2–8% by weight in batch surfactant synthesis, dependent on targeted hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and final product specifications per application (industrial, institutional, or household use).

    Downstream process integration

    • Introduces the functional epoxy group during alkylation and quaternization stages. Added post sodium hydroxide neutralization to generate reactive surfactant bases, followed by purification, and final blending into formulated products with performance additives.

    Final product types

    • Cationic surfactants for textile auxiliaries
    • Amphoteric surfactants for hard surface cleaners
    • Emulsifiers used in pesticide formulations

    5. Crosslinking Agent in Industrial Adhesives and Sealants

    Adhesive and sealant producers use 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane to regulate crosslink density and mechanical flexibility in epoxy adhesive systems. The material is incorporated at controlled dosage levels to modify the reactivity and setting profile in two-component and light-curable adhesives, impacting properties such as adhesion to metals, electrical insulation, and chemical inertness. The selection of grade and input quantity follows strict certification requirements, especially for electrical and construction adhesives.

    Industry compliance standards

    • UL 746C (Polymeric Adhesives for Electrical Equipment)
    • ASTM D1002 (Lap Shear Strength of Adhesives)
    • ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Systems for Adhesive Manufacturers)
    • RoHS Directive (for electronics adhesives)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 0.8–6% by weight per batch as a crosslinking agent, selected according to required pot life, curing speed, and final joint properties; varied for different substrate and application conditions.

    Downstream process integration

    • Added during the premixing phase with reactive diluents and base resins, under agitation and controlled temperature. Crosslinking initiated by subsequent addition of amine or acid hardeners. Product filtered and quality-assured before packaging and shipment to end users.

    Final product types

    • Structural epoxy adhesives for metal bonding
    • Electrical potting compounds
    • Sealants for construction and industrial equipment assembly
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    Introducing 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane: A Direct Manufacturer’s Perspective

    What 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane Offers to Industry

    As a chemical manufacturer with decades of hands-on experience, 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane stands out in our product lineup due to its consistent quality and versatility in synthesis and industrial processing. Operators familiar with glycidyl derivatives or those working with reactive halides will likely appreciate its combination of reactivity and manageable storage demands. Many industries rely on precision and quality, so offering a consistently pure monomer with minimal byproducts makes a substantial difference.

    We produce and supply 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane mainly in liquid form, targeting a range of concentrations between 98% and 99.5% GC purity. Technical professionals value this high purity because downstream products often demand minimal side-reactions. Clear, low-color material signals the purity level before it even reaches laboratory or reactor analysis. Our typical batches maintain color under 10 APHA, which reduces chances of unwanted discoloration in epoxy resins, pharmaceuticals, and other demanding products.

    How Our 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane is Manufactured

    Manufacturing 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane involves careful reaction control—any deviation in temperature or pressure directly affects purity or generates off-odors and color. It requires close monitoring of feed stocks, since water, acids, or certain salts can introduce unwanted hydrolysis or side chain disruption. Our team performs rapid, batch-to-batch analytical checks, so product that leaves our plant consistently meets the tightest technical standards. We also monitor for residual chloride levels and trace glycidol, since these can spark further problems downstream. Reliably low residual chloride content keeps polymerizations and later-stage syntheses running smoothly.

    Application Range Sets Epoxy Chloropropane Apart

    1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane sees primary use in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates, specialty polymers, and advanced coatings. In pharma synthesis, it often serves as a building block for antivirals, anti-tumor agents, or other bioactive molecules. Synthetic chemists value its ability to introduce or bridge functional moieties in molecular scaffolds. Polyurethane, epoxy, and other resin manufacturers use 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane to produce cross-linking agents—these create final products that resist heat, chemicals, and physical stress better than those produced from simpler epoxides.

    Our team maintains close feedback loops with resin formulators who report on processability and final product features. 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane’s upgraded reactivity compared to standard epoxides or halogenated glycols allows for tighter control of molecular weight distribution and cross-link density. This improved tuning directly affects things like adhesion, flexibility, and cure speed—hard to get right unless the starting material comes reliably manufactured.

    Experience Drives Attention to Storage and Handling

    Based on years spent troubleshooting customer operations, we know 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane should always be handled with care. Mismanagement during storage—such as accidental exposure to moisture or heat—triggers ring-opening or decomposition, reducing the yield in sensitive syntheses. Decades of customer feedback underscore why we package every order in hermetically sealed steel or HDPE drums, and why we always recommend storage in dry, well-ventilated rooms below 30°C. Every drum includes anti-static liners to avoid static build-up during transfer, based on past learning from industry partners. Close attention to detail can reduce incidents during handling and shipment, keeping work environments safe and efficient.

    Workers processing or transferring this compound must use basic protective gear: goggles, gloves and proper ventilation. Releases in storage areas or mixing lines create both health and fire hazards, so we stress the need for well-maintained automated leak detectors and localized scrubbing systems. In some early years, we identified several facilities lacking adequate scrubbing technology, so we began providing recommendations and sharing technical data on suitable neutralizing agents to ensure each customer can safely integrate this compound into their processes.

    Key Product Differences: 1-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane vs Related Epoxy Compounds

    Many customers first approach us looking to substitute basic epoxides, such as epichlorohydrin, with higher-functionality compounds like 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane. The differences go beyond the obvious: slight changes in the chlorine and epoxy architecture drastically affect downstream chemistry. Chlorine at the 1-position with a terminal epoxide ring offers a unique blend of reactivity and regioselectivity. In laboratory trials, epichlorohydrin acts as a useful precursor for basic polymers or reactive diluents, but 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane enables more complicated molecular architecture without the need for excessive catalysts or protecting groups.

    Its slightly higher molecular weight opens opportunities in producing denser cross-linked networks. Our technical teams found that, when formulating advanced coatings or specialty elastomers, products made from this compound outperformed those made from classic epoxides under accelerated weathering tests. This performance edge makes it popular among formulators aiming to stand out in automotive, aerospace, or chemical processing sectors.

    Meeting Modern Environmental and Safety Challenges

    Over time, demand for greener and safer industrial chemistry has reshaped our approach to production and support. 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane production generates some volatile organic emissions, so investments in abatement systems became a priority long ago. Closed loop venting and multi-stage scrubbing remain part of our plant design, minimizing emissions and compliance risks.

    Waste stream management needs ongoing attention. Our operations have shifted toward technologies that separate, capture, and neutralize nitrogen and chlorine-containing by-products. The days of routine atmospheric venting are over; current batch records and plant logs show greater than 98% efficiency in capture and conversion. Employees routinely complete updated environmental safety training. The industry as a whole faces regulatory scrutiny—by prioritizing process safety and compliance, we keep both production lines and communities safe.

    Supporting Downstream Innovation and Research

    A chemical is only as useful as the innovations it sparks. Researchers developing epoxide-terminated prepolymers or unusual bioactive scaffolds frequently approach us for custom batch sizes, non-standard specification grades, or special impurity analyses. We encourage these collaborations by leveraging our plant’s flexible configuration. As one example, we worked closely with a polymer research group that required ultra-low aldehyde content for biomedical testing—by retrofitting our purification stack, we delivered batches with less than 10ppm total carbonyls, saving our partner months of purification work and enabling publishable results.

    Some advanced applications require special labeling, such as isotopically enriched material. We have developed outreach programs for universities seeking unique project materials. By sharing process knowledge, material data, and test outcomes, our staff enables discovery beyond the usual bulk application fields. In recent years, university-industry partnerships have delivered several novel polymers and pharmaceutical intermediates built directly from our product streams.

    Transportation and Supply Chain Strategies

    Chemical logistics often determine the real value a supplier delivers. Based on repeated customer audits, we maintain full tracking of batches from raw materials to delivered drums. Complex shipping lanes and seasonal interruptions sometimes stress even the most robust logistics—our teams combine real-time monitoring with regional supply partnerships, so users can count on arrivals within promised timeframes. We chose our primary port locations based on proximity to major highway and railway infrastructure to keep freight times short and reduce transit exposure.

    Many customers now request packaging in returnable or recyclable containers for both cost and environmental reasons. Reusable steel drums cleaned under verified, residue-free conditions have now replaced most single-use containers in our system. Return collection and re-certification of drums keep waste low without sacrificing handling reliability or product integrity. The result: fewer headaches for shipping departments, clearer records for compliance audits, and better circularity. Our investment in these systems began before many regulations demanded it, based on our practical experience with product integrity and the cost of non-compliance.

    Demonstrated Experience in Trouble-Shooting and Process Support

    One of the most common challenges downstream users face is sticky or incomplete curing in epoxy or polyurethane formulations. We noticed years ago that subtle impurities—even at ppm levels—could disrupt catalyst systems, creating costly rework and variable finished product performance. Sharing analytical data and troubleshooting guides with customers has helped hundreds resolve batch-to-batch inconsistencies. We developed a rapid, side-by-side comparison process: every new complaint about cure speed or shelf life prompts a review not only of our own shipping records but of the customer’s storage, mixing, and dosing practices. This holistic approach minimizes finger-pointing and keeps everyone focused on getting results.

    Some technical staff express concern about the long-term storage of 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane and the risk of polymerization or breakdown. Based on recorded drum lab analyses over the last ten years, we observed virtually no appreciable loss of reactivity over six months under best-practice storage, a finding we share openly. Working with several large resin users, we set up quarterly stability review programs, ensuring both sides track these metrics and can anticipate or prevent issues before they reach the line.

    Quality Commitment From a Manufacturer's View

    Quality control starts from the raw material gate. Triple-stage purification and multiple offline testing points, including GC-MS and wet chemistry titration, ensure the product that enters filling lines meets every published parameter. For customers in high-end or regulated industries—pharma, electronic-grade polymers, aerospace applications—trace analysis forms part of our standard delivery. When a unique specification arises, teams integrate extra tests rapidly.

    Internal audits by cross-functional plant teams spot-check recent production lots, and every certificate of analysis includes relevant impurity profiles. Our leadership knows that open data and fast response times build trust. In the rare cases where product fails to meet spec, full traceability enables rapid recall and root cause analysis. We have shared these findings in open forums—by maintaining transparency, we contribute to strong industry practices and help competitors identify their own bottlenecks.

    Practical Considerations and Industry Standards

    Compared to other epoxy compounds, 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane brings unique strengths and processes into industrial and research environments. The structure allows for coupling reactions that remain hard or nearly impossible using epichlorohydrin or glycidol derivatives alone. Faster, less energy-intensive reactions mean that process engineers and chemists can increase throughput or cut costs without cutting corners on quality. Until safer and more versatile alternatives come along, its place in specialty chemical synthesis appears secure.

    Recent changes in regulatory standards—particularly in the EU and North America—now demand even closer documentation of impurities and supply chain links. Our documentation systems have adapted ahead of enforcement deadlines to satisfy end-users and government inspectors. We welcome routine site audits by customer teams or auditors, providing details and records beyond basic certificates of analysis, so buyers and technical staff feel secure integrating our 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane into their own regulated product lines.

    Feedback, Improvement, and Future Directions

    The best performance metrics often come not from published literature but from the factory floor or field testing. Customer feedback continually shapes our practices—reporting changes in process outcomes prompts us to reevaluate batch data, instrument calibration, and even packaging choices. Internal review committees analyze all complaints, not just serious safety or off-spec incidents, but also minor reportings of color drift, drum dents, or label misprints, as these can sometimes signal trends before they grow serious.

    On the technical development side, we devote an increasing share of R&D to greener synthesis approaches, bio-based alternatives, and hybrid process controls. Teams evaluate new catalyst or solvent systems every quarter. Meanwhile, new applications in adhesives, 3D-printed polymers, and advanced coatings continue to drive demand for specialty grades. Perhaps most satisfying, several startups have come to us for pilot-scale support, converting laboratory methodology into scalable process solutions.

    Collaborative Approach Going Forward

    Manufacturing 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane at scale isn’t just about moving drums out the door; it centers on understanding how every production, storage, and shipment decision affects both our customers and the end products they deliver. Instead of seeing chemicals as commodities, we treat them as foundations for the next generation of materials, therapeutics, and coatings. Every step, from raw material selection to safety initiatives, aims to deliver dependable, safe, and innovative material—as direct input from our real-world experience proves time and again, the difference between generic grade and consistently robust chemicals comes down to daily vigilance, practical expertise, and open cooperation all along the supply chain.