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9H-fluorene

    • Product Name 9H-fluorene
    • Alias fluorene
    • Einecs 201-857-5
    • Mininmum Order 1 g
    • Factory Site Tengfei Creation Center,55 Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District,Nanjing
    • Price Inquiry admin@sinochem-nanjing.com
    • Manufacturer Sinochem Nanjing Corporation
    • CONTACT NOW
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    Specifications

    HS Code

    467582

    IUPAC_name 9H-fluorene
    Molecular_formula C13H10
    Molar_mass 166.22 g/mol
    CAS_number 86-73-7
    Appearance White to pale yellow crystalline solid
    Melting_point 116-117 °C
    Boiling_point 295 °C
    Density 1.19 g/cm³
    Solubility_in_water Insoluble
    Chemical_structure Tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with two benzene rings fused to a central five-membered ring
    SMILES c1ccc2c(c1)Cc3ccccc3-2
    InChI InChI=1S/C13H10/c1-2-6-12-10(4-1)8-9-11-5-3-7-13(11)12/h1-7H,8-9H2
    PubChem_CID 6853

    As an accredited 9H-fluorene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing 250g of 9H-fluorene is packaged in a clear, tightly sealed glass bottle with hazard labels and product details displayed.
    Shipping **Shipping Description for 9H-Fluorene:** 9H-Fluorene is shipped as a solid organic compound. It should be packed in tightly sealed, chemical-resistant containers, protected from light, heat, and moisture. Label packaging with appropriate hazard warnings. Transport in accordance with local, national, and international regulations for hazardous materials. Handle with care to prevent spills and exposure.
    Storage 9H-fluorene should be stored in a tightly closed container, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sources of ignition. Keep it away from strong oxidizing agents and direct sunlight. Store at room temperature and avoid moisture. Use appropriate chemical storage cabinets designed for flammable solids, and ensure proper labeling and safety precautions are followed.
    Application of 9H-fluorene

    Applications of 9H-fluorene in Industrial Manufacturing

    As a direct manufacturer of 9H-fluorene, we supply this high-purity aromatic hydrocarbon to a range of industrial sectors that require strict consistency and regulated quality. Below we detail major application areas, highlighting compliance requirements, formulation guidance, process positions, and representative end-use products for each scenario.

    1. High Performance Polyimide Polymer Production

    Specialty electronics and aerospace manufacturers rely on polyimide resins containing 9H-fluorene-based monomers for superior thermal stability, mechanical strength, and electrical insulation. During polyimide synthesis, 9H-fluorene provides rigidity and enhanced glass transition temperature, critical for microelectronics substrates and insulating films. Process engineers dose it directly into monomer preparation and ensure its full conversion with precise temperature and time controls.

    Industry compliance standards

    • IEC 61249-2-21 (materials for interconnect substrates)
    • ASTM D5213 (polyimide film specification)
    • RoHS & REACH registration (EU chemicals regulations)
    • IPC-4101 for base materials in printed circuit boards

    Typical usage ratio

    • 10–30 mol% as an aromatic core building block
    • Exact ratio controlled by target dielectric and thermo-mechanical properties of the final imide resin

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged to polyamic acid synthesis reactors
    • Reacted with dianhydrides and diamines in step-growth processes
    • Undergoes imidization/cyclization during casting and film curing
    • Subjected to final Q.A. for residual monomer analysis

    Final product types

    • Flexible printed circuits
    • PI-based composite laminates
    • High-performance wire coatings
    • Aerospace-grade insulating films and tapes

    2. Functional Dye and Pigment Synthesis

    Colorant and pigment producers use 9H-fluorene as a core starting material to build rigid conjugated frameworks in specialty dyes. The material contributes backbone structure and facilitates strong electron delocalization, yielding fluorescent, colorfast, and photostable products for demanding textile, inkjet, and optoelectronic applications. Chemists introduce it early in multi-step organic synthesis to ensure proper substitution and chromophore extension.

    Industry compliance standards

    • EN 71-3 (safety of toys, migration of certain elements in pigments)
    • ISO 105-B02 (color fastness to light)
    • Restriction of specific aromatic amine precursors (EU directive 2010/21/EU)
    • REACH Annex XVII for azo colorants

    Typical usage ratio

    • 25–40% of total aromatic component in heterocyclic dye synthesis
    • Proportion depends on targeted emission and shade properties

    Downstream process integration

    • Condensation or coupling reactions with sulfonic acids or halogenated aromatics
    • Intermediate purification and isolation
    • Structural extension by further functionalization
    • Formulation into pigment dispersions or solid dyes

    Final product types

    • Fluorescent textile dyes
    • Organic pigments for plastics and coatings
    • Photoluminescent inkjet dyes
    • Specialty optoelectronic colorants

    3. Organic Semiconductor and OLED Material Production

    9H-fluorene derivatives are indispensable in the design of advanced organic electronic materials, especially for OLED emitters and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Materials scientists select it for its planar structure, high charge mobility, and ability to support varied functional group attachment, which enables fine tuning of electronic band structure and device efficiency. The raw material is custom-functionalized and incorporated during monomer or oligomer synthesis steps.

    Industry compliance standards

    • IEC 62341 (OLED panel standards)
    • IEC 62679 (electronic display technology)
    • RoHS for hazardous substance restriction in display electronics
    • REACH substance registration for material safety

    Typical usage ratio

    • Base component at 15–35% in electrophosphorescent and fluorescent host–guest systems
    • Exact content optimized according to mobility and emission requirements in the device stack

    Downstream process integration

    • Structural derivatization to make host or emissive molecules
    • Reactive blending with functionalized aryl or alkyl side groups
    • Deposition onto substrates by vacuum evaporation or solution processing
    • Precision blending and purification for device-grade purity control

    Final product types

    • OLED display panels
    • Organic photovoltaic cells (OPV)
    • Semiconducting layers for OFETs
    • Lighting modules and flexible displays

    4. Intermediate for Specialty Pharmaceutical Synthesis

    In pharmaceutical intermediate manufacturing, chemists apply 9H-fluorene as a backbone to construct framework structures in small molecule APIs and selective reagents. Its stable aromaticity and compatibility with a broad range of functionalizations allow the material to serve in asymmetric synthesis steps. The feedstock enters multi-step batch or continuous processes, with rigorous process validation to support regulatory filings for drug precursors.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ICH Q7 (GMP for APIs)
    • USP/NF monographs on related intermediates
    • 21 CFR Part 211 (FDA cGMP)
    • EMA Guidelines on Starting Materials

    Typical usage ratio

    • Core structure at 20–50% molar equivalent in non-peptide small molecule synthesis
    • Adjusted by stepwise molar conversion based on multi-stage yield

    Downstream process integration

    • Charged in key cyclization or cleavage reactions
    • Part of protecting group strategies (e.g., fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl/Fmoc chemistry)
    • Subject to downstream purification and quality testing (HPLC, NMR)
    • Inventory controlled per GMP documentation

    Final product types

    • Pharmaceutical intermediates
    • Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)
    • Fmoc-protected amino acids for peptide synthesis
    • Specialty organic reagents for contract research

    5. Monomer in Engineering Plastics Manufacturing

    In high-performance plastics, compounders utilize 9H-fluorene derivatives to increase rigidity, provide UV resistance, and boost glass transition temperatures. Its use as a monomer or co-monomer in polycarbonate and polyester systems is well documented. Production teams meter it into reactors under inert atmosphere and integrate tailored substitution routes to control melt-flow and finished properties, supporting stringent automotive and electrical equipment uses.

    Industry compliance standards

    • ISO 9001/14001 certified production systems
    • UL 94 (Flammability standards for plastic materials)
    • SAE J576 (Plastics for lighting application)
    • EU Regulation EC 1907/2006 (REACH compliance for plastic additives)

    Typical usage ratio

    • 5–18 wt% as a structural monomer in engineering resin blends
    • Ratio adjusted for target mechanical and UV-stability profiles

    Downstream process integration

    • Polycondensation with bisphenols or diacids in batch or continuous lines
    • Post-polymerization stabilization and pelletizing
    • Quality control for gel content and molecular weight
    • Masterbatching for color and UV property adjustment

    Final product types

    • Optical grade lenses
    • Automotive lighting components
    • Precision instrument casings
    • Electrical housing and connectors
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    Certification & Compliance
    More Introduction

    9H-Fluorene: A Manufacturer’s Perspective on Purity, Performance, and Practical Application

    The Genuine Commitment Behind Every Batch of 9H-Fluorene

    Manufacturing isn’t just about chemistry, but about habit, patience, and reliability. Over decades refining aromatic hydrocarbons, our team has poured as much effort into understanding what works in the real world as we have in learning the theory in the lab. 9H-Fluorene, sometimes shortened to fluorene, stands as one of those products where the lessons from repeated distillations, batch troubleshooting, and customer demand converge. At its core, we produce fluorene on a regular schedule with one focus: solid, consistent results that downstream users can build on.

    How We Approach Production and Purity

    Every kilo of 9H-fluorene leaving our facility passes through several checks—visual, instrumental, and application-based. For instance, we keep purity at or above 99%, checked batch by batch through gas chromatography and melting point analysis. This grade meets the tight controls demanded in electronic intermediate synthesis, especially for clients fabricating organic semiconductors or high-purity dyes. Color and solubility don’t lie during quality tests; the faint white needle-like crystals that come through a well-calibrated crystallization process serve as a barometer for correct reaction timing and purification. Years ago, we realized that striving for these tangible marks of purity paid back in fewer batch complaints and broader customer application windows.

    Industry Experience in Large and Small Batch Production

    Scaling up from pilot runs to full-scale batches taught us the value of temperature controls and solvent choices. It’s not just a matter of bigger vessels; mixing speed, batch transfer procedures, and even storage vessels can tip the scales in finished product quality. In the early days, we ran into trouble with moisture pickups during storage, leading to customer complaints about off-colors in dyes. Today, desiccant-controlled storage and real-time atmospheric monitoring in our warehouses allow us to hold fluorene in bulk for extended periods with no dip in quality. Our technical team learned the hard way that moisture and trace acid contamination ruin electronic grade usability. Direct feedback from end users, both local and abroad, keeps us honest about our batch-to-batch consistency. If there’s an off-odor or a suspiciously low melting point, we know about it quickly and take steps to adjust parameters on the next runs.

    Model and Specifications: Designed for Demanding Users

    Our core model, usually referred to internally as F99, features purity exceeding 99%. Average melting points fall between 113-115°C, confirmed on digital and analog melting point apparatus. We standardize on this grade since electronics, dye, and pharmaceutical manufacturers typically demand similar technical performance. Particle distribution, though often overlooked, matters—fine particulate can slow filtration and complicate melting. Our current granulation optimizes both shipping safety and re-dispersion into solvents, based on feedback from those handling kilo- and ton-level orders. Viscosity and free-flowing properties improve downstream processes by minimizing clumping and static buildup.

    Applications: Organic Electronics, Intermediates, and Dyes

    Talking to users, the versatility of 9H-fluorene sits at the intersection of electronics and specialty chemicals. Engineers making organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) trust its consistency; small changes in impurities can throw off device performance by measurable margins. One of our long-standing customers, working at a major research institution, verified lower defect rates in thin films using our F99 model compared to lower-grade alternatives. In dyes, repeat clients depend on a stable melting point and neutral smell for consistent chromophore development. We studied why some batches didn’t meet reactive dye strength and traced the problem back to trace organic residues—solved only by reworking crystallization protocols and using fresher solvents.

    Multiple partnerships in the pharmaceutical sector pushed us to refine our residual solvent levels and acid content far below commonly accepted limits. Hydration and residual solvent tests drive adjustments in our finishing steps, using only high-grade industrial solvents for recrystallization, followed by extended vacuum drying. Try substituting a low-grade fluorene into intermediates for anti-inflammatory agents and watch yield drop; our team ran these experiments repeatedly in collaboration with process chemists aiming to fix bottlenecks. Keeping the feedstock pure raised productivity and reduced purification times downstream, cutting running costs for our customers.

    How Our 9H-Fluorene Differs From Commodity-Grade Products

    Mention “fluorene” to a chemist, and the commodity form may come to mind—a material with ambiguous purity, often recycled from coal tar with broad contaminant bands. In one year, a large client switched from a trader-supplied product after noticing inconsistent melting behavior and spots in their UV and NMR spectra. They brought us the problem, and, after analytical runs, we found trace phenanthrene and carbazole above tolerable thresholds. Not all manufacturers go through the trouble to remove these contaminants. Our practice involves multi-stage distillation, controlled crystallization, and a final vacuum drying protocol. As a result, side-products and color bodies drop to trace levels undetectable by the naked eye and challenging even for advanced analytical equipment to spot.

    Handling and appearance reinforce the difference. Commodity products often arrive as mixed lumps or yellowed powder with obvious signs of air or moisture exposure. We supply needle-like, white crystals with tight particle size control and nearly odorless presentation. The difference is easy to spot if you have experience. In bulk shipment, our double-layer packaging, including oxygen-barrier liners, reduces degradation risks during sea and rail transport. Due diligence at this stage matters; incoming inspection data from several multinational clients showed that most alternate sources had either measurable oxidation byproducts or bulk contamination from handling in open air.

    Down the line, the impurity profile impacts the usable applications. For example, dye houses and chip fabricators both demand ultra-low metals. Cross-contamination from shared processing equipment can dog an otherwise high-purity batch, so we keep fluorene on segregated production lines, using dedicated glass and high-density polyethylene-based transfer vessels. Analytical certifications provided for each lot reflect this commitment—clients can trace every batch back to individual production records, which we hold for years for regulatory and practical troubleshooting.

    Process Upgrades Driven By Real-World Experience

    Operating in an environment where small mistakes show up immediately in application, we learned early on that a reactive, not procrastinating, approach to process upgrades paid dividends. Several years ago, increased requests from the electronics sector pushed us to move away from open-vessel crystallization. We switched over to closed-loop systems under nitrogen flow and adopted inline monitoring tools for earlier detection of off-spec conditions. Not every upgrade paid off at first. New filtration methods introduced to cut down on trace organics generated more fines initially, so we had to recalibrate washing protocols. Only after multiple trial runs and talking with users who processed the fluorene in melt reactors did we arrive at current processes, which control particle size and reduce fines.

    Pain Points For End Users and Collaborative Solutions

    Despite all efforts and careful quality assurance steps, end-users still encounter challenges unique to their industries. In pigments production, the occasional appearance of faint yellow hues points to either batch contamination or incorrect processing temperatures. We drove down the frequency of these occurrences by introducing tighter raw material acceptance protocols and tracking every batch of starting naphthalene. A dye client ran into yield reduction due to inconsistent melting properties, which we traced to aging solvent during storage between campaigns. Cold-chain transport for sensitive orders offered a solution, but so did rotating new solvent stock more frequently and clearer batch labeling.

    In electronics, the toughest challenge remains keeping sodium, potassium, and iron below parts-per-million levels. On three recent orders, we tackled brief spikes in iron content traced to condenser fouling during the final stage distillation. The cleaning upgrade included more frequent change-out of condenser sleeves and switching cooling water sources, which dropped the iron content below specification. Most clients wouldn’t see this level of detail in generic supplier documentation, but we know that under-the-hood process fixes matter in labs and production floors downstream.

    Supporting Process Development and New Applications

    Research doesn’t stand still. We field regular calls from labs looking to push fluorene into new spaces. In recent years, solar cell researchers wanted stricter controls on photoluminescence background—driving our push to lower sub-ppm fluorescent impurities. That shift meant re-examining raw materials sourcing and adapting longer, slower recrystallization cycles, often over weekends, attended by overnight staff. Other projects led to small-lot, ultra-pure production for mass spectrometry and photonics researchers. Unlike faceless bulk chemistry, these batches get the same hands-on attention, from sampling to the final seal in amber vials. We also help troubleshoot end product issues, like film-forming defects, by offering process notes about optimal dissolution and handling practices. Building these relationships means we serve not only established bulk customers but also support innovation on the edge of specialty chemical research.

    Environmental and Safety Responsibilities

    No chemical leaves our plant without a review for safety and environmental risk. Our regulatory affairs team works with production to keep waste streams low and manage solvent recycling efficiently. By maximizing recovery of high-grade solvents, we reduce both environmental footprint and cost. Controlling dust and emissions in bulk packing lines keeps our people and the community safer. We’ve invested in secondary containment, operator training, and emergency protocols after learning from near misses in the early years. Shipment of hazardous materials involves not only compliance with transport laws, but also close coordination with carriers used to handling sensitive aromatic compounds. Feedback from carriers spurred packaging upgrades last year after a small spill, resulting in new protocols and stronger liners.

    Traceability and Customer Audit Readiness

    Traceability underscores all our work with 9H-fluorene production. Each batch carries documentation linking every step back through the supply and manufacturing chain. During major customer audits, our team welcomes inspection into batch records, instrument calibration logs, and operator training records. Transparency in documentation makes trust possible and speeds up solutions if there is a discrepancy between delivered product and customer test results. International customers, facing regulatory requirements in countries with tough import restrictions, see extra value in a production partner able to provide reliable documentation.

    Constant Communication Strengthens Reliability

    Direct communication between production, sales, and technical teams is the backbone of how we operate. We document recurring issues, like small but important appearance differences, and respond quickly to customer feedback. If an order turns up cloudy or carries a hint of yellow, someone in our technical group will investigate, drawing on batch and analytical records to get to the root faster. This responsiveness reduces customer downtime and improves long-term process confidence.

    Why Detail Matters In the World of Fluorene

    Many in the chemical world chase after cost savings by cutting corners on purification or skipping final drying steps. Over the years, clients working in high-value electronics and specialty synthesis explained that feedstock quality often dictates not just yield, but also operational simplicity. Minor impurities often force extra purification steps downstream, slow filtration, or risk device failure in electronics. We hold fast to these details because many of our best clients started as skeptics, only converting after comparing products side by side in their daily processes.

    Real-world experience in production has taught us that every additional filter, cleaned vessel, and purity check adds value, not cost. By holding true to rigorous controls at each stage, we empower users with a stable, traceable, and reliable product. Whether working with research-grade applications or large-scale industrial requirements, our experience tells us that taking shortcuts means paying later in wasted time, lost yield, or quality complaints.

    Listening to the Marketplace

    Suppliers often forget that user feedback drives progress. We seek out stories from technical staff and shop floor operators alike, making sure that real user experience drives process tweaks and upgrades. Whether the concern circles around odor, melting point deviation, or ease of handling, we strive to tackle it from a practical, operational angle, not just a theoretical promise. This open-door approach means no product development or process change is made in isolation—we measure success in improved customer performance and fewer returns, not just paperwork compliance.

    Ongoing Investment in Process and People

    Unlike trading houses, our expertise grows in-house—through hands-on involvement in every filtration, crystallization, and packing operation. Crew leaders and shift supervisors become knowledge keepers, passing on lessons about batch consistency and troubleshooting. That accumulated wisdom, paired with a willingness to listen to chemists, electronics engineers, and industrial end users, drives constant process improvement. Customers who visit our production line see the difference for themselves in practical details—dedicated cleaning rooms for sensitive runs, operator checklists signed off in real time, and regularly audited storage protocols to prevent contamination.

    The Value of Partnership in Chemical Supply Chains

    Many clients initially look for a quick supply of 9H-fluorene—sometimes chasing lower prices or larger batch sizes. After working with us, most agree that the deeper value comes from reliability, quality feedback, and practical troubleshooting. Over the years, multiple companies have come to us not just for supply, but for collaboration in refining process routes, troubleshooting bottlenecks, or improving batch usability based on real data from their lines. We view each new relationship not as a one-off order, but as potential for ongoing partnership, where our manufacturing know-how and attention to real-world performance unlock value for end users.

    Looking Forward: Meeting New Challenges

    The chemical landscape won’t stand still. As new semiconductor protocols, specialty dyes, and pharmaceutical intermediates create new demands on 9H-fluorene, we stand ready to adapt, upgrade, and improve. Experience shows that there’s no shortcut to consistent quality; each kilo reflects hundreds of small decisions about sourcing, process control, and handling. Our door remains open for new challenges, whether extending batch records, tightening impurity thresholds, or partnering on research-grade runs. As producers, not just suppliers, we build value by learning, adapting, and standing behind every shipment, confident that our process and experience keep 9H-fluorene at the forefront of innovation and real-world applications.