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The history of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol, known in scientific circles as THFA or 2-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran, reads like an accidental chapter in the story of modern chemistry. Chemists traced its roots back to the furfural industry, which rose during the early days of large-scale agricultural chemistry. As furfural turned into a workhorse chemical for producing everything from resins to solvents, THFA emerged as a key player through catalytic hydrogenation. The post-war era saw more attention on this compound, particularly as folks in labs wanted greener solvents and alternatives to the strictly petroleum-based chemicals. Today, scientists pay attention to how older foundational substances like THFA pick up new life in the push for sustainable, bio-based chemistry.
THFA brings together surprising versatility with a relatively simple molecular structure. It is a clear, slightly viscous liquid most often noticed for its mild, medicinal odor. As a derivative of furfural, which itself comes from crop residues like corn cobs and oat hulls, it borrows environmental credibility from its renewable feedstock. The molecule's hydroxyl and five-membered tetrahydrofuran ring structure make it attractive for people searching for less toxic, more biodegradable alternatives to polar aprotic solvents. This quality lands THFA a spot in countless research projects and manufacturing processes, especially those focused on replacing riskier substances.
THFA's appeal goes beyond renewability. It has a boiling point around 178°C and a melting point below room temperature, so it stays liquid under regular conditions. It dissolves well in water and is miscible with most organic solvents, which opens up options for those who need a co-solvent that plays well with both water-borne and oil-borne applications. It doesn't catch fire as easily as many ethers or alcohols, and its vapor pressure remains low, so evaporation in open systems slows down. Its moderate polarity and ability to participate in hydrogen bonding let it dissolve a range of substances from resins to certain inorganic salts.
People buying or handling THFA in the lab or factory floor need to pay attention to the material's purity. Chemical distributors often ship it with an assay above 98% and set limits on water, acidity, and residual furfural content. Labels on containers usually warn about its irritant properties, and the global harmonization push means pictograms and warnings come in standardized formats. GHS (Globally Harmonized System) guidelines flag it as an irritant, so precautionary statements on personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements—such as gloves and goggles—show up as well. Countries with stricter labeling, like those in the European Union, sometimes add even more detail. People in research or process industries pick the technical grade that matches their task, since industry standards do allow certain levels of common impurities.
Industrial production of THFA generally follows hydrogenation of furfural or furfuryl alcohol, using metal catalysts like nickel or copper chromite under moderate to high hydrogen pressures. The route chosen depends on site-specific capabilities and cost factors, with some favoring direct hydrogenation of furfural for higher yields, while others go through a furfuryl alcohol intermediate. There is ongoing work on using non-noble metal catalysts and renewable hydrogen sources to reduce carbon footprint. Universities and start-ups, keen on promoting circular economy models, have also explored electrochemical and biocatalytic methods, though those haven’t reached the same scale as gas-phase hydrogenation.
In the hands of skilled chemists, THFA acts like a Swiss Army knife. Its hydroxyl group reacts readily in esterification and etherification, providing a path to make a wide range of derivatives. Researchers use it to generate protected sugar analogs, specialty polymers, and cross-linking agents. Industries focused on specialty coatings and adhesives appreciate how it copes with strong acids and bases, staying stable under medium-temperature reaction conditions. In some laboratory syntheses, it steps in as a solvent that doesn’t risk interfering with sensitive catalytic cycles. More attention has fallen on its ability to serve as a chiral building block in pharmaceutical synthesis, as well as on modifications designed to bring new properties—like improved hydrophobicity—to the basic THFA scaffold.
THFA shows up under many street names in the chemical trade. You might see it labeled as Tetrahydro-2-furylmethanol, 2-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran, or simply by its CAS number 97-99-4. Chemical retailers and distributors use these variations based on regional conventions or audience familiarity, but any technical document worth its salt includes the main systematic name and identifier. While product brand names vary from one supplier to another, laboratories and manufacturers focus first on purity and technical data, not on catchy trade names.
Working safely with THFA takes real-world experience and proper training. Most chemical safety data sheets highlight eye, skin, and respiratory irritation as the main risks, with occasional concern about possible reproductive toxicity at high exposure levels. Ventilation becomes crucial where THFA is used in significant volumes or where heated processes increase vapor generation. Spills, while less volatile than with diethyl ether, still need fast cleanup—chemical-resistant gloves and splash goggles stand as minimum PPE. Fire departments don’t lose sleep over it, since its flammability ratings come in lower than for lighter ethers, but safe storage away from oxidizers and ignition sources still forms standard practice. Waste handling has shifted in recent years, with many facilities treating it as chemically hazardous to avoid groundwater contamination. Training programs for new staff stress cautious transfer, spill response, and first aid for exposure, since no facility wants to learn about THFA hazards during a crisis.
Chemists and manufacturers lean on THFA for its long list of uses. In polymer and resin production, it provides a reliable co-solvent and sometimes works as a chemical intermediate. Its ability to dissolve cellulosic materials attracts people working in surface coatings, inks, and adhesives who need a balance of solvency and lower toxicity. Cleaning sectors, especially those handling sensitive electronics or high-precision optics, value its performance for removing stubborn residues without leaving behind greasy films. The pharmaceutical world takes full advantage of its mildness and water-miscibility to clean equipment and, at times, as a starting material for drug intermediates. As the green chemistry trend moves from academia into actual plants, THFA keeps racking up points for coming from renewable sources, standing out as a candidate for “safer” solvent swaps. Agricultural researchers have explored its potential as a carrier or adjuvant in pesticide formulation, but this area sits on the regulatory fence, as agencies weigh new data on toxicity and environmental fate.
Researchers see THFA as more than a commodity. The last decade brought a wave of projects looking for next-generation solvents that don’t introduce hard-to-degrade residues. Scientists in biorefining circles study ways to make THFA directly from plant biomass, not just as a by-product, targeting higher efficiency and a lower carbon footprint. At the same time, academic chemists explore using THFA in catalytic systems to make advanced materials, and in creating safer energetic materials for electronics and lubricants. Life cycle assessments—once a curiosity, now a requirement for sustainable procurement—suggest THFA beats many fossil-derived peers in terms of cradle-to-gate impacts. Patent trends reveal interest in polymerizable derivatives and functionalization strategies that unlock new application spaces, putting THFA into the rising class of solvents positioned for 21st-century manufacturing needs. The pace of publishing in chemistry journals shows no signs of slowing down, often with THFA featured as both a process aid and a substrate for creative synthesis.
Questions about health and environmental risks trail every industrial chemical, and THFA is no exception. Toxicological studies in rodents and in vitro models show low acute toxicity and little evidence of carcinogenicity or mutagenicity at levels common to industrial or laboratory work. Some animal studies associate high vapor concentrations or chronic overexposure with mild liver enlargement or reversible CNS depression, but safety reviewers consistently rate these effects as less severe than those tied to common solvents like toluene or DMF. Regulatory bodies, including OSHA and the European Chemicals Agency, have set guidance limits and workplace exposure thresholds. The chemical’s relatively quick biodegradation and modest bioaccumulation lessen long-term ecological worry, though it can still harm aquatic environments if released in uncontrolled amounts. Facilities handling large amounts now add exposure monitoring and substitution analyses to their safety programs, using air quality tracking and automation to limit direct worker contact.
The future for THFA looks promising, if people keep rising regulatory and sustainability demands in mind. A growing list of companies in Europe and Asia are piloting full-scale green production based on improved hydrogenation technologies and biomass-derived feedstocks. Researchers, spurred by policy and market pull, hunt for replacement solvents that strike a cost-performance-environmental health balance, and THFA consistently lands near the top of the “potential” lists. Future directions could include integrating THFA into circular chemical networks where it’s not only safer, but also easier to recycle or upcycle. The movement away from traditional petrochemicals brings real-world challenges—cost, infrastructure, and technology transfer—but also new incentives for safer, cleaner, and smarter chemistry. By investing in better process safety, continuous monitoring, and innovative end-uses for THFA, both industry and science can turn a longtime workhorse into a poster child for responsible chemical manufacturing.
If you have ever handled solvents in a lab or tinkered with paints, chances are you have crossed paths with tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or THFA. This chemical pops up in conversations about solvents and intermediates, yet most folks outside chemistry circles don’t bat an eye at it. The compound has a clear liquid look, carries a mild scent, and shows up in all sorts of industrial and technical setups.
THFA doesn’t only smell like solvents—it's good at being one. Its molecular structure allows it to dissolve both oily and watery chemicals, which comes in handy for mixing tough-to-blend ingredients. I remember in a research setting once struggling with stubborn resins—THFA pulled them apart much quicker than many of its rivals. This means manufacturing plants use it during the creation of coatings, adhesives, or cleaning agents, especially when they want something strong enough to cut through grease or polymer residues without too many toxic fumes billowing out. An added plus: Many workers prefer it over more dangerous alternatives like toluene or xylene, limiting workplace hazards and headaches.
THFA doesn't just dissolve junk; it helps build new molecules. Pharmaceutical and crop science companies pull it in when they need to create complex chemicals, like drug pre-cursors or certain agrochemicals, thanks to its ability to nudge along tricky chemical reactions as a starting material or as a helping hand (catalyst or stabilizer). I’ve seen colleagues in pharmaceutical process teams choose THFA for synthesizing active ingredients, so it pops up in meetings about cost savings and greener production. It’s even listed for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as an inert ingredient in crop sprays, helping active pesticides stick better or spread more evenly, which plays a role in getting more consistent results in the field.
Paint shops value THFA for its ability to thin out both water-based and solvent-based paints. This makes application smoother, cuts down on streaky or rough finishes, and eases the cleaning process, whether you’re running a commercial paint booth or handling paint at home. It often shows up in eco-friendly paint strippers and cleaners, finding a niche where safety worries about older stripping agents have pushed for alternatives. In the world of hydraulic systems, certain lubricants and fluids call for THFA to keep things running without gunking up sensitive parts—helpful in environments from factories to farming equipment.
During a stint in electronics research, I watched engineers turn to THFA for things like degreasing circuit boards and cleaning up during delicate assembly. Its low corrosiveness and high solvent action keep expensive parts safe. On top of that, plastics manufacturers use THFA to help shape and process specific polymers, including those destined for things like car interiors, consumer goods, or food packaging.
Though THFA carries a relatively low toxicity compared to old-school solvents, it’s never a good idea to get careless. Gloves, goggles, and ventilation matter, because too much exposure still brings on skin irritation or dizziness. Labs and factories keep a close eye on safety sheets and regulations whenever it’s in the air. For companies looking to go “greener,” finding safer or renewable alternatives remains an ongoing conversation, but right now, THFA’s unique mix of power and safety keeps it sticking around.
Walk through a factory floor or a chemistry lab, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol shows up when you least expect it. You’ll spot it as a solvent in coatings, inks, or industrial cleaners. It slips into some modern paints, and specialty adhesives rely on it. The stuff looks harmless—colorless, almost odorless. But every chemist I’ve worked with puts on gloves without blinking. You don’t start dumping it into beakers with bare hands for good reason.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol doesn’t burn skin like strong acids, yet long-term exposure turns into a problem. I’ve seen colleagues get careless and wind up with dermatitis—red, itchy hands that linger for weeks. Inhaling fumes brings headaches, nausea, or dizziness. That isn’t theoretical: people with a habit of ignoring their masks learned it the rough way. According to the European Chemicals Agency, THFA can irritate eyes and skin, and breathing in high concentrations can damage the respiratory tract. It’s enough to turn a fast-paced day at work into an uncomfortable afternoon in the clinic.
Familiarity breeds comfort, and that can be dangerous. There’s a trap in thinking a mild solvent is somehow gentler. Folks think, “I use this every day, how bad can it be?” That line of thinking ignores the science. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends limiting exposure, even if the label doesn’t feature skull-and-crossbones warnings. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) advises using proper ventilation and protective gear. Every safety sheet tells the same story—eye shields, gloves, aprons. A little caution now saves a lot of regret later.
Plenty of my time has gone into mixing chemicals in enclosed spaces, and mistakes happen fast. A friend once spilled THFA, thinking a simple wipe-down would fix it. The vapor hung in the air, and he started coughing almost immediately. THFA’s low boiling point means even small spills become airborne quickly, and you feel it in your nose and lungs before you realize it. I learned to double-check the fume hood before opening any bottle—no exceptions.
Research doesn’t shy away from issues. Animal studies from peer-reviewed journals show that repeated exposure can harm organs like the liver and kidneys. Chronic workplace exposure increases the risk of long-term health effects. The Environmental Protection Agency reviews THFA closely, placing restrictions where needed. It isn’t just regulatory overkill—these organizations stick to the science.
Most of the risk can be managed with simple steps. I always wear nitrile or butyl rubber gloves—latex doesn’t cut it for solvents like THFA. Splash goggles and long sleeves mean less chance of skin irritation or eye injuries. Good ventilation matters more than people think. Fume hoods—or at least fans—make sure chemicals don’t linger in your breathing space. Proper training makes a difference, too. New hires quickly learn to respect clear liquids with complicated names.
The measure of safety in a lab or shop isn’t how familiar you are with a product. It’s how diligent you remain, day after day. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol isn’t the worst hazard out there. Still, ignoring safety gear and ventilation invites more trouble than it’s worth. I’ve watched enough people push their luck, and no one wins that bet for long.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, often called THFA, stands out among industrial solvents for a few clear reasons. Anyone who's handled it knows it doesn’t come off as harsh or aggressive like some of the stronger players in a chemist’s stockroom. You get a clear, colorless liquid with a faint, somewhat sweet smell — not overpowering, but definitely noticeable if you’ve ever worked around furans.
With a molecular formula of C5H10O2, THFA boils right around 178°C, higher than plenty of similar solvents. That extra bit of temperature leeway often makes it the solvent of choice when lower-boiling ethers won't cut it. In the lab, I’ve found it reasonably easy to store — it won’t fly off the shelves like diethyl ether. Its melting point hovers near -80°C, so even in pretty cold storage, you’re not dealing with a solid block.
THFA dissolves easily in water, which gives it a wide range of possible uses. That mixability makes for smooth formulations in everything from paints to inks. Its ability to blend with other common solvents like ethanol, acetone, and benzene opens up more avenues for product development. I’ve noticed manufacturers in resin and coating industries reach for THFA during clean-ups or production because running equipment with water-soluble materials means less downtime and easier cleanings.
Density lands just below that of water — about 1.05 g/cm³. Pour it into a beaker, it looks roughly the same as water, but the feel and response differ when you start blending. Its moderate viscosity makes it manageable in handling and processing, even when scaling up batches for larger projects.
What’s always stood out is THFA’s relatively mild chemical behavior. Sure, it’s stable under normal handling, but mix it with strong oxidizing agents and things get risky. This reactivity stems from its alcohol group, which reacts with acids and bases as you’d expect — forming esters or ethers, depending on what it meets. That means its use as a synthetic intermediate in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals isn’t just coincidence; chemists appreciate a starting material that doesn’t spring surprises in every step.
Another plus for the modern world is that THFA leaves behind less residue compared with more traditional solvents. That has drawn attention from industries trying to reduce their environmental footprint. Companies have shifted to solvents with fewer regulatory headaches, and THFA fits that bill in many regions. Handling it still demands good ventilation and gloves, as skin contact may trigger irritation, so those health and safety basics never go out of style.
Some challenges remain, especially when it comes to sourcing large volumes sustainably. Since much commercial THFA comes from renewable agricultural waste (like lignocellulosic material), boosting these supply chains could ease pressure on petroleum-based solvents. That would move industries toward greener options without sacrificing performance. More attention to recycling and recovery during use could stretch each drum a little further, cutting costs and waste at the same time.
I’ve also seen calls for clearer exposure guidelines as demand grows across global markets. Better labeling, employee training, and consistent ventilation keep workplace risks in check. As more research shines a light on potential long-term effects, regulatory standards will likely adjust, so manufacturers keep an eye on updates.
THFA’s physical and chemical traits have opened many doors for product development, offering performance and safety benefits that appeal to both industry veterans and newcomers. Its solubility, manageable reactivity, and environmentally friendlier background hold promise, especially for companies focused on safer, more sustainable solutions. For those shifting away from older, dirtier solvents, THFA continues to carve out a respectable spot on the shelf.
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol isn’t some household staple you tuck under the kitchen sink. This liquid smells a little like a musty forest floor, and it travels from chemical plants to labs and manufacturing lines across the world. I’ve worked in labs where one careless cap left loose on a bottle could ruin a whole batch of experiments, so storage details aren’t optional. Ignoring them sets you up for a world of mess, or worse—health hazards.
This chemical boils at about 178°C, and it flashes at temperatures as low as 74°C. That means it doesn’t take a roaring fire to kick off some dangerous vapors. It also mixes with water, so if a bottle springs a leak, you don’t just mop up the spill with a towel and move on—those vapors can spread fast, especially in a hot storeroom.
Anyone working where solvents are handled knows that proper storage is step one. I remember a time someone tried to keep solvent drums in a sun-baked shed “just for a few days” and by lunchtime, the stink meant nobody could work. That lesson only sticks if you’ve lived it.
Big problems get small when you start with a space that's cool, dry, and locked. Always put tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in a dedicated chemical storage cabinet—metal with a powder coating works great. Keep it away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Once, a coworker learned this the bad way after a leaking can triggered an evacuation. Even a forgotten space heater nearby can push vapors into the danger zone.
Store it only in the original, tightly sealed containers. Make sure you use containers made out of materials listed as compatible—usually high-density polyethylene or stainless steel. Glass sometimes cracks, and cheap plastic can dissolve or deform. I’ve seen the bottom of an old bottle sag because someone thought “any jug will do.”
Every storage area needs good ventilation. I’m talking about high-volume fans or an exhaust system, not just a cracked window. Solvent vapors might not always smell strong, but they can build up, and you only spot it when your eyes start to sting or your head feels fuzzy.
If you’ve ever grabbed the wrong container during a busy shift, you know clear labels matter. Mark every can, jug, or bottle with the chemical name, date received, and hazard warnings—not just for your team, but for anyone who might have to clean up a spill or respond to an emergency.
Store it away from strong acids, oxidizers, and bases. These groups don’t mix; even a small collision in storage can cause dangerous reactions. I’ve watched fire marshals pore over messy shelves, shaking their heads at jugs stored too close together. It only takes one blaze to turn a lesson into a headline.
Emergency systems make the biggest difference. Fire extinguishers and spill kits can’t collect dust or live behind a locked office door—they belong near the chemicals. Everyone on site ought to know what those safety signals mean and how to use them. Regular drills keep memory sharp.
People sometimes think that a few shortcuts won’t hurt. All it takes is one leak, one spark, or one distracted moment. Always stick with best practices, including proper storage, and nobody gets left cleaning up in a hazmat suit.
Tetrahydrofuran, or THFA, pops up a lot in labs and factories where people work on coatings, adhesives, and certain plastics. Folks like THFA for its strong ability to dissolve many materials, making it tough to replace in high-stakes manufacturing. These same qualities that make it useful can also make people pause regarding what happens to it after use. I’ve come across people assuming, just because something works well in a lab, that it will disappear safely into the environment. Experience says that’s rarely the case without a closer look.
Biodegradation matters for any chemical that leaves industrial settings and hits the outside world. Studies testing how THFA breaks down have shown BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) figures that point toward some biodegradability under specific conditions. In controlled test runs, microbes can chew through THFA at rates around 39% in a month. So, it can break down in water, just not very quickly. Backyard compost piles likely won’t do the job as well as a dedicated treatment plant.
Landfill or open environment releases prove trickier. Many microbes outside lab setups won’t recognize THFA as food right away. Lack of sunlight or oxygen slows things even more. If too much THFA piles up, it can crowd out oxygen in water, making it tough for fish or other tiny life to survive. We’re not talking about a quick-fix “green” chemical.
Working with THFA calls for smart handling since it evaporates into the air and can be flammable. People in factories told me about headaches and dizziness after long shifts spent inhaling fumes from this kind of solvent. Safety data from the CDC ranks THFA as an irritant and points out its “volatile organic compound” (VOC) status. VOCs are under increasing pressure, especially in cities with smog or tough air quality rules. Accidents during storage or transport mean THFA can slip into soils or streams, so tight regulation helps.
“Environmentally friendly” goes beyond whether something breaks down over weeks or months. It asks where the material comes from, who handles it, and what alternatives exist. Most THFA production comes from petrochemical feedstocks, not renewable sources. Life-cycle impact assessments usually weigh energy use and pollution across a product’s entire story. Even if THFA breaks down, forming harmless carbon dioxide and water, spills and emissions along the way add up. After talking to environmental risk assessors, I’ve seen them shy away from “friendliness” labels unless all steps check out clean.
Ramping up wastewater treatment makes a difference. Some companies I’ve worked with switched from basic “activated sludge” to more advanced setups with tailored bacteria capable of breaking down tricky solvents. These tweaks help, but they come with costs and training. Pushing industries toward enclosed systems, tighter storage, and vapor recovery cuts accidental losses. Switching to greener substitutes, like bio-based solvents where possible, takes commitment and research. Some designers are exploring cyclic ethers from plant sugars, though they still face barriers in cost and compatibility.
Shifts in policy matter, too. Pressure from environmental groups and growing global rules keep manufacturers looking for better answers. Choosing THFA comes with responsibilities, not just for the workplace but also for every creek and community downstream.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 2-(Hydroxymethyl)oxolane |
| Other names |
2-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran tetrahydro-2-furancarbinol tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 2-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran tetrahydro-2-furylcarbinol |
| Pronunciation | /ˌtɛ.trə.haɪ.drəˈfɜː.fjɪl ˈæl.kə.hɒl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 97-99-4 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | C1COCCC1O |
| Beilstein Reference | 1361162 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:53079 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL16248 |
| ChemSpider | 12364 |
| DrugBank | DB14163 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 08a20796-d6f2-4e7b-9a69-6aadf682d7ad |
| EC Number | 208-786-9 |
| Gmelin Reference | 60768 |
| KEGG | C06505 |
| MeSH | D013751 |
| PubChem CID | 8098 |
| RTECS number | RW2100000 |
| UNII | 0B9KJ2N26O |
| UN number | UN 3146 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C5H10O2 |
| Molar mass | 90.12 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless liquid |
| Odor | Mild alcoholic odor |
| Density | 1.053 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | miscible |
| log P | 0.36 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.48 mmHg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 14.5 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 15.0 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.86 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.449 - 1.453 |
| Viscosity | 8.8 mPa·s (at 25°C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.56 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 166.5 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | –548.7 kJ·mol⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -2661 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS02,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-2-0 |
| Flash point | 75°C (closed cup) |
| Autoignition temperature | 210 °C |
| Explosive limits | 1.5-9.1% |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): 2,000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | 1,600 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | TQ3150000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 200 ppm |
| REL (Recommended) | 10 ppm |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | 200 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Tetrahydrofuran Furfuryl alcohol Furan Tetrahydro-2-furoic acid |
