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Chemical Name: Succinonitrile
Other Names: Butanedinitrile
CAS Number: 110-61-2
Molecular Formula: C4H4N2
Physical Appearance: Colorless crystalline solid
Odor: Faint, similar to bitter almonds
Main Risks: Toxic if inhaled or swallowed, harmful to skin and eyes, possible risk of serious health effects through prolonged exposure
Common Exposure Routes: Breathing dust or vapors, skin contact, ingestion
Acute Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, nausea, can depress the central nervous system
Chronic Risks: Extended contact can damage organs, especially if someone is not using proper protection during regular handling
Flammability: Combustible solid, can form hazardous decomposition products in a fire
Main Substance: Succinonitrile, about as pure as it gets in most cases
Impurities: Trace organic contaminants possible, depending on source
Concentration: Typically close to 100 percent for laboratory work
Inhalation: Move the person into fresh air at once, support breathing if necessary, get immediate medical attention for any shortness of breath or signs of confusion
Skin Contact: Rinse exposed area under running water, gently remove any contaminated clothing, use soap, seek medical advice if irritation doesn’t fade quickly
Eye Contact: Hold eyelids apart, flush gently with water for several minutes, go to an eye doctor if pain or blur continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, try to avoid vomiting, don’t give fluids unless person is fully alert, head straight to a hospital
Suitable Extinguishers: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam can help contain fires
Special Hazards: Toxic gases including hydrogen cyanide and oxides of nitrogen can develop if the material burns completely
Protective Methods: Firefighters should work in full-body gear and use self-contained breathing masks
Advice for Responders: Cool containers with water spray even after flames seem out, keep clear of smoke
Personal Protection: Gloves, goggles, dust masks or cartridge respirators
Environmental Steps: Keep material out of drains and soil
Spill Response: Scoop up with non-sparking tools, seal in tight containers for proper cleanup
Washing Down: Use plenty of water for any area that keeps residue
Safe Handling: Only open bottles in good airflow, avoid skin and eye contact, never eat, drink or smoke around it
Storage Conditions: Store away from heat, sunlight, ignition sources, and strong acids
Container Advice: Keep the lid tight, label any open vessel clearly, don’t reuse containers for any other chemical
Work Practice: Wash hands after use, even small crystals can transfer easily
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, splash-proof goggles, dust mask or half-face cartridge respirator for powder or vapor
Engineering Controls: Work in fume hood or with ventilation pulling air away from breathing zone
Housekeeping: Regularly clean workspaces, discard contaminated gear after use
Hygiene: Change clothing after major spills or skin contact
Appearance: Crystalline solid, looks much like table sugar
Melting Point: Around 57 to 61 °C
Boiling Point: About 267 °C
Density: Close to 1.0 g/cm³
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, more so in organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature
Odor Threshold: Detectable but faint at lower concentrations
Chemical Stability: Sits solid at room temperature, doesn’t react with most common labware
Reactive Issues: Breaks down in strong acids, bases or heat; can lead to dangerous fumes
Avoid: Open flames, static discharge, incompatible chemicals like oxidizers
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides form if overheated or burned
Acute Toxicity: Poisonous if swallowed or inhaled, large doses threaten life quickly; data links main symptoms to nervous system effects
Inhalation Risks: Breathing dust or vapor can lead to headaches, muscle weakness, sometimes quick collapse with high levels
Ingestion Effects: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain; can depress respiration and heart action in large amounts
Skin Risks: May irritate, less risk of poisoning through skin, but not impossible
Chronic Effects: Ongoing exposure at lower levels might damage blood and nervous system
Environmental Danger: Known to cause damage to fish and small aquatic life if it gets into water; real threat to small-scale ecosystems in labs or near factories using it
Aquatic Toxicity: Moderate—very toxic at high concentrations, especially for species with low tolerance for pollutants
Persistence: Breaks down slowly in soil and water, can linger and build up
Recommended Disposal: Send waste or contaminated material to hazardous waste treatment, not the regular trash
Down-the-Drain Risk: Avoid pouring it in sinks, especially where local water treatment can’t handle chemical toxins
Container Disposal: Rinse, triple-check for residue, dispose through chemical waste channels
Proper Shipping Name: Succinonitrile
Transport Class: Classified as dangerous goods for road, air, and sea
Hazard Labels: Toxic solid, proper stickers required, check local standards
Packing Instructions: Tight, leak-proof containers, secured upright
Other Rules: Strict rules on amount, carry emergency instructions with any shipment
Workplace Limits: Many countries set strict airborne exposure limits, often under 5 ppm
Labelling Requirements: Clear toxic symbols and detailed handling instructions expected under regional worker protection laws
Use Restrictions: Not for home use or unlicensed handlers, regular audits in professional spaces
Recordkeeping: Safety data, inventory and incident records kept for review
