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Name: Propyl Benzoate
Chemical Formula: C10H12O2
CAS Number: 94-13-3
Common Uses: Preservative in food, fragrance in cosmetics, solvent in pharmaceutical products
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint, pleasant odor
Molecular Weight: 164.20 g/mol
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; easily dissolves in most organic solvents like ethanol and ether
Odor Threshold: Noticeable at very low concentrations, making it easy to identify leaks by smell
Boiling Point: Range falls near 243°C
Density: Around 1.023 g/cm³ at room temperature
GHS Classification: Not severely hazardous yet can cause irritation to eyes and skin with repeated exposure
Routes of Exposure: Skin contact, inhalation, accidental ingestion
Health Hazards: Mild irritant; possible allergen for sensitive individuals; unlikely to cause severe poisoning but can irritate mucous membranes
Fire and Explosion Hazards: Combustible under high heat; vapors heavier than air, so they can build up near the ground
Environmental Risks: May present a threat to aquatic life in case of large accidental releases
Pictograms: Exclamation mark for irritation
Signal Word: Warning
Main Ingredient: Propyl Benzoate (above 98%)
Impurities: Small traces of benzoic acid or propanol depending on production method
Additives: Not typically present except in formulated products where stabilizers may appear
Ingredient Role: Only the propyl ester of benzoic acid, rarely mixed with other chemicals in pure stock
Inhalation: Move the affected person to fresh air; persistent discomfort calls for medical review
Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with mild soap and cool water; take off contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Flush gently with clean water for at least 10 minutes; keep eyelids apart; seek help if redness doesn't fade
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; avoid forcing vomiting; get medical attention in cases of large amounts
Symptoms: Irritation, mild burning sensation, temporary redness or swelling
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or water spray for small fires
Special Hazards: Fumes can contain benzoic acid, propanol, and products of incomplete combustion like carbon monoxide
Protective Equipment: Full protective gear; self-contained breathing apparatus for enclosed fires
Precautions for Firefighters: Attack from upwind; avoid breathing vapors; keep containers cool with water mist
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, goggles, and protective clothing; ventilate area
Spill Containment: Use inert absorbents like sand or silica gel to soak up liquid
Cleanup Methods: Shovel absorbed material into sealable container; avoid direct skin contact
Disposal: Follow hazardous material guidelines; avoid pouring into drains or waterways
Emergency Procedures: Evacuate unnecessary personnel; prevent ignition sources from approaching
Handling: Use in well-ventilated places; keep containers tightly sealed after transfer
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands before eating or drinking; do not smoke near stored material
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry warehouse; keep away from direct sunlight and open flames
Container Materials: Most plastics, glass, and stainless steel keep propyl benzoate stable
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation helps keep vapor levels low
Personal Protective Equipment: Nitrile or neoprene gloves, safety glasses, lab coat or long sleeves
Respiratory Protection: Use approved masks if mist forms or if used in confined spaces
Work Practices: Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in work area
Exposure Limits: No established workplace exposure limits, but minimizing prolonged contact makes sense
Physical State: Oily liquid
Color: Colorless to faint yellow
Odor: Sweet, faintly floral aroma
Melting Point: Remains liquid at room temperature
Boiling Point: Near 243°C
Flash Point: About 107°C (closed cup method)
Autoinflation Temperature: Not particularly low, so spontaneous combustion unlikely in normal use
Explosive Limits: No data for lower or upper explosion limits, but general flammability should not be ignored
Vapor Pressure: Low at ambient temperature
Solubility: Only mixes in trace amounts with water; dissolves easily in most organic solvents
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures
Reactivity: Doesn't react violently with water or most household chemicals
Hazardous Decomposition Products: In high heat or fire, can break down into benzoic acid, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, bases, oxidants might trigger unwanted reactions
Polymerization: Not prone to dangerous polymerization under regular handling
Acute Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; only mild symptoms seen in animal tests
Skin Irritation: May cause dryness or redness after repeated contact
Eye Irritation: Slight stinging or burning, resolves quickly with rinsing
Sensitization: No strong evidence of allergic reactions in most people
Chronic Effects: No studies show major issues at typical exposure levels
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a cancer risk by leading health agencies
Mutagenicity: No evidence from available research
Reproductive Effects: Not linked to birth defects or fertility issues based on current knowledge
Aquatic Toxicity: Harsh on aquatic creatures at high concentrations; unlikely to cause mass harm except in major spills
Persistence and Degradability: Breaks apart slowly in soil and water; most microbes eventually degrade it
Bioaccumulation: Expected to stay in organisms briefly; not strongly bioaccumulative
Off-site Risks: Can reach waterways if spilled and not contained, so attention to containment matters
Effects on Plants and Wildlife: Not catastrophic at low levels, but best practice involves keeping it out of the natural environment
Waste Treatment: Dispose of liquids and solids at licensed hazardous waste facilities
Incineration: Approved incineration sites that handle organics prevent environmental release
Discharge to Sewer: Avoid dumping into drains or sewage systems
Packaging: Decontaminated containers may be recycled if regulations permit; otherwise send to hazardous waste disposal
Legal Requirements: Meet local, regional, and national hazardous waste rules to avoid penalties
Shipping Classification: Not classified as a dangerous good for most land, sea, or air transport, but always check latest guidance
Label Requirements: Mark containers clearly with substance name and warning details
Packaging Group: Typically packed in strong, sealed containers
Precautionary Measures: Keep upright, avoid rough handling, protect from breakage and leaks
Transport Hazards: Low in risk, but vapors can build up if containers leak
Workplace Safety: No strict exposure limits in North America or Europe, yet worker safety laws cover general chemical handling
Consumer Product Laws: Cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical uses strictly limited by product registration laws
Environmental Protection: Mostly unregulated in small amounts, but polluting waterways can stir regulatory action
International Shipping: Shipping rules differ between countries, so review local regulation before large or repeated transport
Labeling Laws: Most regions demand hazard warning on bulk containers or industrial-use packaging
