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Name: Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC)
Common Use: Water treatment, paper manufacturing, textile finishing
Appearance: Yellowish powder or clear pale yellow liquid
Odor: Slightly acidic, somewhat sharp and recognizable
Main Ingredient: Polymeric forms of aluminium chloride
Solubility: Rapidly dissolves in water
Eye Contact: Causes irritation, redness, and watering
Skin Contact: May result in irritation or dryness
Inhalation: Fine dust and mist can irritate airways
Ingestion: Upsets stomach, causes nausea, or burns in higher amounts
Environmental Hazard: Risk of aquatic toxicity if released in large volumes
GHS Classification: Irritant to eyes and skin, potentially harmful if inhaled or swallowed
Main Component: Polymeric aluminium chloride, 60-90 percent
Impurities: Trace metals, slight iron content, unreacted aluminium salts
Additives: Water, minor stabilizing agents
Eye Contact: Flush eyes immediately with plenty of clean water, hold eyelids open, continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes
Skin Contact: Wash area promptly with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, keep comfortable, seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, drink water, seek medical attention if significant discomfort occurs
Flammability: Not flammable, but reacts with metals to produce hydrogen, which can be explosive with air
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, foam
Special Hazards: Thermal decomposition emits irritating and corrosive fumes
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus recommended
Additional Steps: Avoid water run-off entering drains or waterways
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, safety eyewear, avoid breathing dust or mist
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spillage from reaching surface water or sewers
Spill Cleanup: Contain spill, scoop up powder, or soak up liquid with inert absorbent material, collect in suitable container
Waste Disposal: Dispose using local authority recommendations
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas, avoid direct contact, avoid generating dust
Storage: Keep dry powder sealed in original packaging, store liquid PAC in corrosion-resistant containers, avoid extreme heat and freezing temperatures
Incompatibilities: Keep away from alkalis, strong oxidizers, and reactive metals
General Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, do not eat, drink, or smoke during use
Respiratory Protection: Wear dust mask or respirator if dust levels are high
Skin Protection: Use gloves resistant to acids
Eye Protection: Safety goggles or face shield
Engineering Controls: Ensure local exhaust ventilation, use closed systems if manageable
Monitoring: Regular air quality checks in work areas with high volumes
Appearance: Light yellow powder, one version; clear yellowish liquid, another version
Odor: Slight acidic scent
pH (10 percent solution): Generally between 3.5 and 5
Boiling Point: Not applicable for powder, above 100°C for liquid
Melting Point: Powder softens above 180°C
Solubility in Water: Rapid
Density: Typically 1.2–1.4 g/cm³ for liquid; powder lighter
Corrosivity: Corrodes certain metals (aluminium, mild steel with long contact)
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions if kept dry and away from heat
Reactivity: Reacts with metals to release hydrogen; reacts vigorously with alkalis
Hazardous Decomposition: Releases hydrogen chloride gas and aluminium oxides if heated or in acid-base reactions
Conditions to Avoid: Excess moisture, heat, contact with alkalis or reactive metals
Acute Effects: Irritation to eyes, skin, respiratory tract; can cause gastrointestinal disturbance
Chronic Effects: Extended skin contact may result in dryness or cracks; long-term inhalation of dust not recommended
Oral Toxicity: Generally low for single exposures but nausea, vomiting may occur with larger doses
Sensitization: No strong evidence of allergic reactions through ordinary exposure
Carcinogenicity: No clear link to cancer with occupational levels
Acute Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish and aquatic organisms if released in significant concentration
Biodegradability: Inorganic material, does not degrade in traditional sense
Mobility: Highly soluble in water, moves readily through soil if spilled
Persistence: Aluminium ions bind with soil particles and sediments
Bioaccumulation: Not known to build up in fish or plants
Waste Management: Dilute solutions can be treated by neutralization prior to disposal
Solid Waste: Collect in tightly sealed containers, send to approved waste facility
Do Not Release: Avoid direct discharge into waterways
Recycling: Not typically recycled due to nature of chemical
Classification: Usually shipped as non-hazardous unless present in very large quantities
Packaging: Strong, moisture-resistant containers; liquid product transported in drums or tanks made from appropriate materials
Handling Precautions: Prevent rough handling and leaks
Labeling: Clearly identify chemical contents, hazard pictograms as required under transport rules
Workplace Safety: Subject to occupational health standards for hazardous materials in many countries
Labeling Requirements: Must display hazard symbols and precautionary statements based on GHS
Water Discharge Rules: Local limits on aluminium salts released to sewer or surface water
Product Use: Only permitted in certain industries under reviewed safety guidelines
Environmental Standards: Regulated under waste and water safety regulations in most regions
