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Name: Nonane
Chemical Formula: C9H20
CAS Number: 111-84-2
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Gasoline-like smell
Boiling Point: Around 151°C
Uses: Solvent, research chemical, calibration material for labs
Main Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapor, can irritate eyes and skin, may cause drowsiness or dizziness if inhaled in large amounts
GHS Classification: Flammable liquids (Category 3), Aspiration hazard (Category 1), Specific target organ toxicity—single exposure (Category 3)
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark, health hazard
Signal Word: Danger
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from sparks and open flames, use in well-ventilated areas, avoid breathing vapors, wear protective gear
Chemical Name: Nonane
Concentration: Usually more than 98% in pure form
Synonyms: n-Nonane
Impurities: Trace amounts of similar hydrocarbons
Inhalation: Move out to fresh air immediately, keep the airway open, seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing, watch for signs of irritation or redness
Eye Contact: Rinse gently with water for at least 15 minutes, try not to rub the eyes, visit a healthcare provider if discomfort continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person, don’t try to induce vomiting—medical attention is the only wise move
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO2), do not use direct water stream
Special Hazards: Vapors may travel and ignite at distant locations, combustion can produce toxic gases such as carbon monoxide
Protective Equipment: Full firefighting gear, self-contained breathing apparatus
Firefighting Tips: Stay upwind, prevent run-off into drains
Personal Precautions: Eliminate all ignition sources, evacuate nonessential people
Spill Response: Ventilate the area, contain the leak using absorbent materials like sand or earth, clean up by sweeping into containers for disposal
Environmental Protection: Prevent entry into drains, waterways, or soil, notify authorities if substance has contaminated public areas
Handling Precautions: Work in spaces with proper ventilation, ground and bond containers during transfer, keep away from anything that might cause a spark
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, remove work clothing before leaving the workplace
Storage Conditions: Keep containers tightly closed, store away from oxidizers, high temperatures, and direct sunlight, use only containers built for flammables
Control Parameters: No established occupational exposure limits in many regions, but common sense says keep levels as low as possible
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, explosion-proof equipment
Personal Protection: Safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, flame-resistant overalls, NIOSH-approved respirator if vapors are present
Other Protection Tips: Eye wash stations and emergency showers near work areas give peace of mind
State: Liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor Threshold: Characteristic gasoline-like odor
Boiling Point: Roughly 151°C
Melting Point: −54°C
Flash Point: 31°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Moderate
Vapor Pressure: 4 mm Hg at 20°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water, easily dissolves in organic solvents
Density: About 0.718 g/cm³ at 20°C
Viscosity: Low
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperature and pressure for handling and storage
Reactivity Risks: Forms peroxides over time with exposure to air, reacts with strong oxidizers (like nitric acid), can generate flammable mixtures with air
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, potentially small amounts of irritant gases if burned improperly
Acute Toxicity: Can cause headache, nausea, dizziness, can depress the central nervous system—especially if vapors build up
Chronic Effects: Long-term or repeated exposure can dry or crack skin, may affect organs from long inhalation but evidence is limited
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Symptoms: Redness, irritation, drowsiness, fatigue
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, OSHA, or NTP based on current evidence
Persistence and Degradability: Breaks down slowly in the environment, can linger if spilled
Bioaccumulation Potential: Can build up in aquatic organisms, evidence from related chemicals points to slow breakdown
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life in high concentrations:
Mobility in Soil: Low solubility, likely to float on water and seep into soil layers, can cause environmental harm if left unchecked
Waste Methods: Incinerate at approved facility, keep away from public landfill or sewer systems
Packaging: Containers should be puncture-proof, clearly labeled, and sent away for professional treatment
Regulatory Waste Codes: Classified as hazardous waste under most regional laws—don’t dispose with normal trash
Shipping Name: Nonane
Transport Hazard Class: Flammable liquid
Packing Group: II
Environmental Hazard: Not considered marine pollutant by all authorities, but caution pays off
Labeling: Clearly marked with flammable liquid symbols during transit
Status: Listed on many chemical inventories like TSCA and REACH
Workplace Restrictions: Restricted use in some settings due to flammability
Labeling Requirements: GHS-compliant hazard warnings, safety measures for storage must be posted
Regional Guidance: Subject to workplace safety laws for chemical handling, including mandatory spill kits and regular hazard training for employees
