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Chemical Name: Morpholine
Chemical Formula: C4H9NO
Chemical Family: Secondary amine
Common Uses: Corrosion inhibitor, chemical intermediate, solvent in industry, rubber-accelerator and pesticides production
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a fishy, ammoniacal odor
Boiling Point: Around 129°C
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature
Classification: Corrosive to eyes, respiratory system, and skin
Health Hazards: Can cause severe skin burns and eye damage, harmful if swallowed or inhaled, prolonged exposure affects liver and kidneys
Environmental Hazards: Harmful to aquatic life, persistent if spilled in water
Routes of Exposure: Skin, eyes, inhalation, ingestion
Key Symptoms: Burning sensation, coughing, shortness of breath, blurred vision, abdominal pain
Standard Label Elements: Danger, corrosion pictogram
Component: Morpholine
Concentration: Usually above 99% in pure or technical grades
CAS Number: 110-91-8
Impurities: Minor, can include water or amine derivatives depending on processing
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, get medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with plenty of water and soap, seek immediate medical care for burns
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, keep at rest, seek medical attention for symptoms like difficulty breathing
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, seek medical care quickly
Flash Point: About 30°C (86°F)
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, alcohol-resistant foam, or carbon dioxide
Special Dangers: Releases toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in fire
Firefighter Protection: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing, avoid inhaling fumes
Explosion Risk: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air, especially near ignition sources
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ventilate, use gloves/goggles to avoid contact
Containment: Stop leak if possible, use sand or inert material to absorb spill
Clean-Up: Collect absorbed material, place in tight containers, avoid releasing into drains or water sources
Disposal: Refer to official regulations, often requires special handling for hazardous waste
Safe Handling: Use in well-ventilated places, avoid breathing vapor, prevent contact with skin and eyes
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids, and halogenated compounds
Storage Temperature: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition
Container Materials: Store in mild steel, stainless steel, or plastic containers with tight-fitting lids
Occupational Exposure Limit: OSHA and ACGIH set exposure limits, often around 20 ppm (parts per million)
Ventilation: Local exhaust recommended for vapor control
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Chemical-resistant gloves, splash goggles, long-sleeved clothing, suitable respirator if ventilation not enough
Hygiene Measures: Wash after handling, no eating, drinking, or smoking in chemical use areas
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: Ammoniacal, slightly fishy
Melting Point: Minus 5°C
Boiling Point: About 129°C
Vapor Pressure: Roughly 9 mmHg at 20°C
Density: About 1.0 g/cm³
Solubility: Miscible with water and many organic solvents
pH: Alkaline (about 11 for a 10% solution)
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Near 270°C
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Hazardous Reactions: Reacts with acids, oxidizers, strong halogenated reagents
Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide under fire or extreme heat
Polymerization: Not known for hazardous polymerization
Acute Toxicity: Can cause death at high inhalation or oral doses
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure can attack liver, kidney, and lungs
Skin Effects: Causes corrosive burns
Eye Effects: Serious risk of blindness from splashes
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by NTP, IARC, or OSHA as a confirmed carcinogen
Sensitization: Not known as a skin or respiratory sensitizer in typical workplace settings
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful, especially to fish and aquatic invertebrates
Mobility in Soil: Liquid form may leach and contaminate groundwater if not controlled
Persistence: Degrades in environment but not instantly, risk if released in volume
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to accumulate in organisms
Disposal Methods: Incinerate with proper emission controls or submit for approved hazardous waste treatment
Avoid: Pouring into sewage, surface water, or regular landfill
Containers: Empty containers pose hazard; treat as contaminated
UN Number: 2054 (for pure morpholine)
Transport Hazard Class: Class 8 (Corrosive)
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Labeling: Corrosive liquid labels required on shipment
Transport Requirements: Use approved containers, keep away from food and feed, secure against tipping and leaks
Workplace Regulation: Subject to OSHA, ACGIH, and EU workplace exposure limits in many countries
Environmental Regulation: Releases usually need reporting under environmental protection laws
Registration: Chemical subject to REACH in Europe, included in US TSCA inventory
Labeling Requirements: Accordance with GHS for hazard communication, including safety data and pictograms
