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Chemical Name: Cyclohexylamine
Chemical Formula: C6H13N
Synonyms: Aminocyclohexane, Hexahydroaniline
CAS Number: 108-91-8
Appearance: Colorless to yellow liquid, distinct fishy odor
Uses: Water treatment chemicals, corrosion inhibitors, intermediates for pharmaceuticals and pesticides, rubber accelerators, dye solvents
Classification: Flammable liquid, corrosive, harmful by inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion
Main Risks: Serious eye damage, skin burns, respiratory tract irritation, possible harmful effects to organs after prolonged exposure
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, direct eye contact
Short-Term Concerns: Severe irritation to skin, mucous membranes, eyes; inhaling vapors may trigger headaches, dizziness, or nausea
Long-Term Effects: Skin sensitization, kidney damage, reported mutagenic activity in some studies
Main Ingredient: Cyclohexylamine (about 99% or higher in technical grades)
Impurities: Traces of water, cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol may sometimes be present, depending on production process
Inhalation: Get the person to fresh air quickly, keep calm and warm, seek medical attention if coughing, breathing trouble, or irritation persists
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash area thoroughly with soap and water, keep an eye out for burns or persistent irritation, consult a healthcare provider for severe effects
Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes while holding the eyelid open, avoid rubbing, medical evaluation is crucial when burning or pain persists
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, seek medical advice immediately, because this chemical can cause damage to internal organs and mucous tissues
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, use plenty of water to keep containers cool if exposed to heat
Hazards from Combustion Products: Toxic fumes like nitrogen oxides and ammonia, plus carbon monoxide
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters need self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical-resistant suits
Precautions: Stay upwind, remove ignition sources, cool exposed containers
Personal Precautions: Wear chemical goggles, gloves, and protective clothing; avoid vapor breathing
Environmental Precautions: Prevent chemical from reaching sewage, rivers, or soil
Containment: Stop the leak if safely possible, surround with absorbent material such as sand or inert clay
Clean-Up: Collect spilled liquid with non-sparking tools, transfer to proper waste containers, ventilate the area thoroughly
Handling: Only use in well-ventilated settings, keep away from heat and open flames, avoid casual skin contact through gloves and eye protection, wash hands before breaks and after use
Storage: Store in tightly closed steel or HDPE containers, keep away from oxidizing agents and acids, store in cool, dry, well-ventilated places, keep out of direct sunlight
Special Notes: Use explosion-proof equipment, ground containers, do not store near food, medicine, or animal feed supplies
Occupational Exposure Limits: Some jurisdictions cite a workplace exposure limit for cyclohexylamine (e.g. OSHA, ACGIH; consult latest regulations for updates)
Ventilation: Good air flow at workstations with local exhaust if possible
Personal Protective Equipment: Safety glasses with side shields, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile recommended), industrial apron, use a respirator with organic vapor cartridge for accidental releases or poor ventilation
Hygiene: No smoking, eating, or drinking while handling, immediate wash-up after possible contact
State: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Characteristic amine, similar to ammonia or fish
Melting Point: About -17°C
Boiling Point: Around 134°C
Flash Point: About 27°C (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: Moderate, increases with heat
Solubility: Miscible with water, alcohols, ethers
Density: About 0.87 g/cm³ at room temperature
pH: Strongly alkaline in water solution
Refractive Index: Around 1.45
Explosive Limits: Between 1.4% to 8.4% (by volume in air)
Chemical Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions but reacts strongly with acids, oxidizers, and acid chlorides
Hazardous Reactions: Vigorous exothermic reactions with concentrated acids, possible formation of explosive compounds with nitrites
Decomposition Products: Ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, acid anhydrides, halogens, peroxides, nitrites
Polymerization: Does not tend to polymerize under normal conditions
Acute Toxicity: Causes burns to skin and eyes, toxic if swallowed or inhaled, can damage mucous membranes throughout the digestive and respiratory systems
Chronic Effects: Prolonged contact brings risk of dermatitis, liver or kidney damage, nervous system symptoms in people routinely exposed
Carcinogenicity: No confirmed link, but some tests hint at potential mutagenic properties
Inhalation: Shortness of breath, headache, dizziness
Oral Exposure: Abdominal pain, vomiting, potentially even collapse in severe cases
Environmental Fate: Cyclohexylamine is mobile in soil and soluble in water, can migrate into groundwater if spilled
Effect on Aquatic Life: Moderately toxic to fish, daphnia, and algae at concentrations not far above typical release scenarios
Persistence and Degradability: Tends to break down in environment over days to weeks, but high local concentrations disrupt balance before breakdown finishes
Bioaccumulation: Low tendency, but potential remains for repeated pulses, especially near industrial sources
Wastewater Impact: Strongly alkaline character stresses biological treatment plants, changes pH, creates legal headaches for plant operators
Waste Treatment: Professional chemical incinerators or secure landfill with prior neutralization
Container Disposal: Triple-rinse, remove all labels, puncture packaging to prevent reuse, then forward for hazardous waste handling
Legal Rules: Disposal governed by local, state, national regulations to prevent improper dumping
Do Not: Never pour leftovers in drains, natural waterways, or ground
UN Number: 2357
Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), also tagged for flammability
Packing Group: II (indicating mid-level danger)
Labels: Corrosive, flammable
Precautions: Shipments require leak-proof, upright packaging, secure closures, clear labeling; keep apart from incompatible loads such as acids or oxidizers during transit
Global Listings: Cyclohexylamine appears in the Chemical Abstracts Service registry, the US Toxic Substances Control Act inventory, and the European Union’s REACH regulated chemicals list
Hazard Communication: Mandatory labeling with hazard pictograms, signal words, and risk statements in workplaces and on transport packages
Workplace Regulations: Government rules set occupational exposure limits, mandate control of airborne concentrations, and require worker training on hazards
Use Restrictions: Certain applications, like pesticides or consumer products, may face extra restrictions under various regional rules
Recordkeeping: Facilities using or storing significant volumes track inventories closely to show compliance during audits
