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Product Name: Benzalkonium Chloride
Chemical Family: Quaternary ammonium compound
Formula: CnHn+2ClN
Recommended Use: Disinfectant, sanitizer, cleaning agent, preservative
Supplier Description: Antimicrobial ingredient for healthcare, industrial, and consumer formulations
Emergency Contact: Refer to company contact details and local emergency numbers
Classification: Corrosive to eyes and skin, acutely toxic by ingestion and inhalation
GHS Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, toxic to aquatic life, harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin
Pictograms: Corrosion, exclamation mark, environment
Precautionary Statements: Avoid exposure, prevent environmental release, wear personal protective equipment, do not breathe fumes or spray
Chemical Name: Benzalkonium Chloride
Common Synonyms: BZK, BAC, ADBAC
Concentration Range: 40% - 80% (in solutions), pure substance may vary
CAS Number: 8001-54-5
Impurities: May include minor amounts of homologues and related quaternary ammonium compounds
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, seek immediate medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, flush skin thoroughly with water, seek medical care for persistent irritation or burning
Eye Contact: Immediately rinse with plenty of water for several minutes, hold eyelids open, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing and get medical help
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth thoroughly, give water if conscious, seek urgent medical attention
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water jet may spread material
Specific Hazards: Releases toxic fumes under fire conditions including nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride
Protective Equipment: Full protective gear including self-contained breathing apparatus
Additional Advice: Cool containers exposed to fire with water spray; prevent run-off from entering drains, sewers, or waterways
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ventilate, wear suitable protective clothing, avoid breathing vapors or mists
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, soil, or watercourses; notify authorities if significant environmental contamination occurs
Containment: Absorb spills with inert material, transfer to properly labeled waste containers
Cleanup Procedures: Wash spill area with water after material pick-up, ventilate affected area, dispose as hazardous waste
Handling: Use only with adequate ventilation, avoid contact with skin, eyes, clothing; wash hands after handling, avoid inhalation of mist or vapors
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed original container, in cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances like strong oxidizing or reducing agents, acids, and bases
Storage Temperature: Keep between 15°C and 30°C (59°F–86°F), do not freeze
Packaging Materials: Corrosion-resistant containers or lined steel drums
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limits, use occupational exposure banding where applicable
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, eye wash stations and safety showers at point of use
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved respirators for high concentrations or inadequate ventilation
Skin Protection: Impermeable gloves (nitrile, rubber), long-sleeved clothing
Eye Protection: Chemical safety goggles or full-face shield
Hygiene Measures: Always wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling, do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid or crystalline solid
Odor: Mild aromatic or soapy scent
pH: Strongly basic in aqueous solution; typically around 7–8 in diluted solutions
Melting Point: About 150°C (302°F) (pure compound)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, ethanol, insoluble in non-polar solvents
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Relative Density: Approximately 0.98–1.02 (liquid formulations)
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and bases
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, direct sunlight, freezing, contact with reactive substances
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, ammonia
Polymerization: Does not undergo hazardous polymerization
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: LD50 rat oral: approximately 240–400 mg/kg; readily causes corrosive injury to tissues
Chronic Exposure: Repeated exposure leads to dermatitis, possible cumulative toxic effects including liver and kidney injury
Carcinogenicity: No evidence of carcinogenicity from human or animal studies
Mutagenicity / Teratogenicity: Not classified as mutagenic or teratogenic but caution recommended due to tissue irritation
Other Effects: Sensitization rarely reported; accidental eye exposure may result in permanent injury or blindness
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, including fish and invertebrates; EC50 (Daphnia magna): 0.1–0.5 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegradation occurs but substance is persistent in some water systems; risk of bioaccumulation is low
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile in aqueous environments; binds to organic matter
Other Adverse Effects: Can cause serious damage to aquatic ecosystems by promoting algal die-off and inhibiting microbial life
Waste Treatment Methods: Collect in appropriate containers, segregate from incompatible substances, consult authorized hazardous waste disposal facility
Disposal of Containers: Triple rinse, puncture, and render unusable; follow local and national environmental regulations
Prohibited Disposal Methods: Do not flush to sewer, natural waters or soil
Regulatory Requirements: Observe all applicable federal, state, and local environmental controls
UN Number: UN1903
UN Proper Shipping Name: Disinfectant, Liquid, Corrosive, N.O.S. (Benzalkonium Chloride)
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive)
Packing Group: II
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant, special labelling required
Special Precautions for Transport: Secure, upright packaging, leakage prevention, operator protection against spills or contact
US Regulations: Subject to reporting under CERCLA, SARA Title III, OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
EU Regulations: Classified according to CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, subject to REACH requirements
Other Regulations: Subject to biocidal product or pesticide regulations in many countries; workplace exposure controls in force where occupational use occurs
Substance Inventory: Listed in TSCA, EINECS/ELINCS, AICS
Labeling Requirements: Hazard pictograms, signal words, precautionary and hazard statements in local language of use
