© 2026 Sinochem Nanjing Corporation,
All Right Reserved
Chemical Name: Aniline
Common Synonyms: Phenylamine, aminobenzene
Molecular Formula: C6H7N
Physical Appearance: Colorless to slightly yellow oily liquid
Odor: Fishy, pungent aroma
Uses: Dyes, pharmaceuticals, rubber processing chemicals, herbicides, and explosives manufacturing
Standard Identifiers: CAS number 62-53-3
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, and eye contact present risk in industrial and research workplaces carrying aniline
Toxicity: Hazardous, both acutely and chronically
Acute Risks: Methemoglobinemia (inability of blood to carry oxygen), headaches, dizziness, possible cyanosis
Skin Exposure: Causes irritation, possible burns
Eye Exposure: Severe eye irritation or damage
Chronic Exposure: Liver, spleen, and kidney injury; possible risk of carcinogenicity
Flammability: Combustible; can form explosive mixtures with air or incompatible materials
Regulatory Flags: Classified as a hazardous chemical by most occupational health agencies; subject to tight workplace monitoring and restriction
Main Ingredient: Aniline (over 99 percent)
Impurities: Trace levels of water, other amines, possible nitrobenzene contaminants
Physical State: Liquid at room temperature, mixes with many organic solvents
Concentration Ranges: Purity and composition vary with source and processing method, but pure commercial aniline dominates industrial settings
Relevant Fact: No significant stabilizers or additives present under typical storage conditions
Inhalation: Move affected individual to fresh air immediately; seek medical evaluation for dizziness, headache, or blue-tinged lips/skin
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and rinse skin with running water for prolonged intervals
Eye Contact: Flush with water for several minutes, keep eyelids apart, and get emergency care
Ingestion: Avoid inducing vomiting; prompt medical assessment and, in some cases, activated charcoal administration necessary
Medical Attention: Physicians focus on breathing support, possible administration of methylene blue in methemoglobinemia cases, and regular monitoring for delayed effects
Combustibility: Aniline catches fire at moderate temperatures, forming hazardous gases including nitrogen oxides, ammonia, possibly carbon monoxide
Fire Suppression Tools: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical agents, foam; water spray only for cooling containers—not for dousing the fire itself
Hazardous Decomposition: Gases released from burning pose lung and nerve risk
Protective Gear: Firefighters need self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective suits; clothing selection reduces skin absorption risks
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel, ensure adequate ventilation, minimize skin and eye contact
Environmental Concerns: Prevent aniline from entering drains, groundwater, or soil; makes aquatic environments unsafe
Cleanup Practices: Absorb spill using inert material like sand or vermiculite, place waste in sealed containers, and manage disposal as hazardous chemical waste
Workplace Control: Monitor for airborne vapors carefully, since dense vapors can settle and linger, especially in low-lying areas
Workplace Handling: Always use in closed systems or properly ventilated hoods, with protective gloves, goggles, full-body coverings
Safe Storage: Keep in tightly closed, impact-proof, and labeled containers, separated from strong acids, oxidizers, and sources of ignition
Storage Temperature: Store at cool temperatures out of direct sunlight
Container Materials: Use only containers compatible with basic organic solvents—steel, glass, or tightly-sealed polymer in industrial practice
Workplace Monitoring: Some countries require continuous aniline vapor monitoring in places where aniline is stored or processed
Occupational Limits: Most regulatory bodies set workplace limits at 2 ppm (parts per million) over an eight-hour day
Engineering Controls: Fume extraction, enclosed transfer, explosion-proof equipment in handling areas
Personal Equipment: Impervious gloves, chemical splash goggles, face shields, respirators for exceeding permissible exposure levels
Workplace Hygiene: Remove contaminated clothing right away, wash affected skin frequently, inspect equipment for leaks before use
Melting Point: Around -6°C
Boiling Point: About 184°C
Density: 1.02 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, very soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, ether, and chloroform
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature—important for vapor inhalation risk
Other Properties: Slightly yellow color can intensify on air exposure; readily absorbs through skin in liquid form
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling with minimized oxygen exposure
Dangerous Reactions: Strong acids, oxidizing agents, and halogens trigger violent or toxic reactions
Decomposition Products: Toxic gases, including aniline vapors, nitrous oxides, and possible explosive derivatives
Polymerization: Not expected under normal conditions, but hazardous mononitrobenzene formation possible if mishandled
Acute Exposure: Symptoms range from headache, fatigue, dizziness, rapid pulse, blue-tinged lips, skin clumsiness, nausea, and even collapse
Chronic Effects: May provoke anemia, liver and spleen enlargement, jaundice, and increased risk of certain cancers
Absorption Routes: Rapid through skin and respiratory tract; dangerous in cases of prolonged or high-concentration exposure
Animal Studies: Showed liver toxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive impacts
Human Risk: Regular monitoring, prompt first aid, and strict exposure limits underscore seriousness in legacy industries like dyes and plastics
Mobility: Spreads quickly in soil and water, posing risk to aquatic life
Persistence: Lingers in water and soil for extended periods; microbial breakdown can generate even more toxic derivatives
Toxicity to Wildlife: High toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates
Bioaccumulation: Moderately likely, with evidence in aquatic food chains
Special Risks: Groundwater contamination sours drinking water sources and makes cleanup tough and expensive for agencies and communities
Regulated Waste: Treated as hazardous waste by almost every public health agency
Incineration: Specialized incinerators with gas scrubbers reduce environmental release of toxic vapors
Prohibited Practices: Avoid flushing down drains, regular landfill disposal, or burning in open air
Container Cleaning: Containers require neutralization and chemical decontamination before recycling or disposal
Proper Shipping Name: Aniline
Mode Restrictions: Special tankers, drums, and railcars with pressure relief, impact resistance, and spill containment
Labeling: Requires “toxic” and “flammable” warnings
International Transport Codes: Reflected in IMDG, IATA, and other safety management systems due to high human and environmental risk
Accident Protocols: Emergency response plans must exist for every handoff, including decontamination supplies and medical equipment
Status: Recognized as a hazardous substance under United States OSHA, European REACH, Canadian WHMIS, and similar laws
Exposure Limits: Most agencies set safe air limits at or below 2 ppm; often stricter limits apply in confined or poorly ventilated environments
Mandatory Reporting: Facilities must document spills, leaks, or worker exposures exceeding permissible thresholds
Worker Training: Legal requirements for documented safety training, medical surveillance, and exposure tracking support better long-term health outcomes
Community Protection: Some countries require buffer zones and emergency planning around large aniline production or storage sites
