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Chemical Name: Acrylic Acid. Common Names: 2-Propenoic acid. CAS Number: 79-10-7. Molecular Formula: C3H4O2. Physical Form: Clear to slightly yellow liquid, sharp tart odor. Uses: Building block for polymers, adhesives, paints, coatings, textiles, water treatment chemicals.
Classifications: Flammable Liquids (Category 3), Acute Toxicity (Category 4, oral/dermal), Skin Corrosion, Eye Damage, Sensitizer (skin). NFPA Ratings: Health: 3, Flammability: 2, Instability: 2. Main Hazards: Burns skin and eyes, vapor irritates respiratory tract, causes allergic reactions, highly flammable, may explode in poorly ventilated areas. Symptoms: Redness, pain, severe skin burns, coughing, difficulty breathing, sore throat, headache, dizziness, eye damage.
Acrylic Acid: 99% or higher. Impurities: Inhibitors such as hydroquinone (prevents polymerization), water (<1%). Potential Additives: Hydroquinone monomethyl ether as a stabilizer, minimal concentrations.
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, seek medical attention for breathing difficulty, watch for lung symptoms. Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately, use copious running water for at least 15 minutes, do not neutralize on skin, go to emergency care if burning continues. Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for several minutes, lift eyelids, remove contact lenses, get urgent ophthalmological help. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water if conscious, seek medical facility quickly.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, water spray to keep containers cool, but avoid straight stream which can spread fire. Hazards During Fire: Emits acrid smoke, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, potentially toxic acrylic fumes. Protective Gear: Standard turnout gear with self-contained breathing apparatus. Specific Issues: Bulk storage can rupture or explode when heated, keep containers cool with water spray even after fire is out.
Personal Protection: Respiratory protection, chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, full barrier suit if large spill. Spill Response: Evacuate non-responders, ventilate area, eliminate ignition sources. Method: Contain and absorb with inert material (sand, earth, vermiculite), shovel into labeled, tightly sealed containers for disposal. Environmental Protection: Prevent entry into drains, sewers, soil, or waterways, inform local authorities if significant release reaches the environment.
Handling Practices: Use chemical fume hood or effective exhaust, ground all equipment, avoid skin and eye contact, don’t breathe vapor. Storage Requirements: Store in tightly closed containers, cool, dry, well-ventilated space, separate from bases, oxidizers, reducing agents, food, drink. Stability: Requires stabilizer like hydroquinone to prevent dangerous polymerization, check inhibitors before storage. Extra Steps: Inspect containers regularly for swelling, discoloration, leaks.
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 2 ppm (TWA), ACGIH TLV: 2 ppm (TWA). Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, closed handling systems, explosion-proof electrical equipment. Personal Protection: Nitrile or neoprene gloves, splash goggles, face shield, chemical apron or suit, safety boots, respiratory protection (half-mask or full-face if vapors at or above exposure limits). Hygiene: Wash hands before breaks or eating, keep contaminated clothing out of all common areas.
Appearance: Colorless to slightly yellow liquid. Odor: Pungent, acrid. Boiling Point: About 141°C. Melting Point: 13°C. Flash Point: 54°C (closed cup). Vapor Pressure: 3.8 mmHg at 20°C. Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohols, ethers. Density: 1.051 g/cm³ at 20°C. Viscosity: Low, flows like other small organic acids.
Stability: Unstable without inhibitors, risk of explosive polymerization—especially in bulk or heat. Reactivity: Violent polymerization from heat, contamination, or lack of inhibitor, reacts strongly with bases, strong oxidizers, reducing agents. Hazardous Byproducts: Acrid smoke, carbon oxides, polymerization mass. Special Considerations: Light, heat, or metallic contaminants raise risks, long-term storage can make it more dangerous as inhibitor degrades.
Acute Effects: Irritates or burns eyes, skin, respiratory system; causes redness, blistering, burns, possible corneal damage, lung irritation, nausea, headache. Chronic Effects: May lead to allergic dermatitis with repeated exposure, possible respiratory sensitization. Ingestion: Damages mouth, throat, stomach lining; can be fatal if swallowed. Animal Data: Oral rat LD50: ~340 mg/kg, dermal rabbit LD50: ~640 mg/kg, causes severe skin and eye damage in test animals.
Water Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms; rapid chemical reactivity may damage aquatic systems. Persistence: Biodegrades over weeks in aerobic systems; can still impact local ecosystems until broken down. Bioaccumulation: Not considered significant; metabolized by aquatic flora and fauna. Soil Mobility: Moves readily in soil, especially after spills, contaminates groundwater.
Disposal Method: Transfer to chemical incinerator with flue gas scrubber, follow hazardous waste protocols. Container Cleaning: Triple rinse before recycling, neutralize with sodium carbonate solution only if safe to do so, do not pierce or burn even when empty. Do Not Dump: Direct discharge to sewer, waterways, or soil violates waste laws; reportable quantities may trigger federal and local regulatory requirements.
UN Number: 2218. Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), plus 3 (Flammable). Packing Group: II. Labeling: Corrosive, Flammable Liquid. Transport Requirements: Specialized containers with venting, inspect for leaks or rust before shipping, declarations on manifests. Precautions: Avoid temperature extremes, secure upright, protect from impact or heat sources, emergency instructions required for drivers.
OSHA: Acrylic acid classified as a hazardous chemical, subject to workplace chemical safety law, hazard communication required. EPA: Listed as hazardous substance under CERCLA and SARA; releases above reportable quantity must be reported. TSCA: Listed. State Laws: Some states restrict handling or require additional reporting, especially where emissions or water contamination are possible. Global: Meets GHS (Globally Harmonized System) criteria for hazardous materials, requires specific pictograms and warnings in shipping and workplace labels.
