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Chemical Name: 2-Pyrrolidone
Synonyms: 2-Pyrrolidinone, Gamma-Butyrolactam, Pyrollidin-2-one
CAS Number: 616-45-5
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow liquid, faint amine odor
Molecular Formula: C4H7NO
Recommended Use: Solvent, intermediate in pharmaceuticals, used in manufacturing processes
Hazard Class: Eye irritant, skin irritant
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Causes serious eye irritation, may cause skin irritation, may be harmful if inhaled in concentrated form
Label Elements: Exclamation mark symbol, safety advice for avoiding exposure
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system
Main Ingredient: 2-Pyrrolidone (over 99% pure in industrial products)
Impurities: Trace organic by-products can appear, though usually at negligible levels from manufacturing
Additives: Rare in pure forms, labs and factories often use unblended chemical for strict formulation control
Eyes: Flush immediately with lukewarm, gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do
Skin: Wash affected area thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air; give oxygen if symptoms appear and seek medical attention for persistent effects
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, get medical advice
Most Important Symptoms: Redness, burning, possible mild swelling of exposed eyes or skin
Flash Point: About 129°C (264°F)
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide
Special Hazards: Combustion may release carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides; avoid inhaling fumes
Protective Equipment: Fire fighters use full protective gear, self-contained breathing apparatus
Personal Precautions: Avoid contact with eyes and skin, ventilate area, restrict unprotected personnel
Environmental Precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Keep away from waterways or drains
Cleanup Methods: Absorb spill with sand or inert material, shovel into containers; wipe up residues with suitable solvent; dispose according to local rules
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas, avoid contact with skin and eyes, do not breathe vapor
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers, away from heat, sparks, and open flames, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Incompatible Materials: Avoid strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents which may trigger reactions
Special Precautions: Always keep container tightly sealed when not in use, label containers clearly
Control Parameters: No established US OSHA or ACGIH exposure limits, good ventilation is essential
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, process enclosure when practical
Personal Protective Equipment: Safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves (such as nitrile), lab coat or protective clothing
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved respirator if air concentrations may approach unsafe levels
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, change contaminated clothing
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Mild amine scent
Melting Point: 24-25°C
Boiling Point: 245°C
Vapor Pressure: Very low at room temperature
Specific Gravity: 1.12 at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water and most organic solvents
pH: Around 8 in aqueous solution
Viscosity: Noticeably viscous
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions, breaks down with exposure to strong acids or bases
Conditions to Avoid: Elevated temperatures, open flames, incompatible materials
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides on combustion
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizers, avoid mixing with reactive chemicals
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Acute Effects: Eye or skin irritation, possible mild respiratory discomfort at high concentrations
Chronic Effects: No evidence from studies of long-term toxicity at typical workplace exposure levels
LD50 (oral, rat): Around 4,000 mg/kg
Mutagenicity/Carcinogenicity: Not classified as mutagenic or carcinogenic under current data
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable in water and soil environments
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low, due to rapid breakdown
Ecotoxicity: Large spills could temporarily depress aquatic life; confined releases typically cause minimal lasting impact
Water Hazard Class: Low hazard to water, but prudent practices discourage direct release
Waste Disposal: Incinerate under controlled conditions or send for chemical waste treatment
Container Disposal: Rinse containers, then treat as hazardous waste unless otherwise allowed by local regulations
Avoid: Release to surface waters, soil, or drains
Recycling: Not commonly practiced due to scale and purity requirements in most uses
UN Number: Not regulated for transport under most global standards
Transport Hazard Class: None under standard shipping rules
Packing Group: Not classified
Special Precautions: Avoid transporting with incompatible chemicals, secure containers to prevent leaks
US TSCA: Listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory
EU REACH: Registered without special restrictions, not classed as a major health or environmental hazard
Other Regulations: Not tracked as a persistent, bioaccumulative, or toxic substance by US or EU environmental agencies
Labeling: Requires precautionary labeling for eye and skin irritancy in most workplaces
