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Name: 2-Chlorobutane
Chemical Formula: C4H9Cl
Common Uses: Chemical synthesis, organic laboratories, teaching demonstrations
Physical Form: Clear, colorless liquid with a sweet odor
CAS Number: 78-86-4
Flammable Warning: Highly flammable liquid and vapor; vapors can travel and ignite easily
Health Risks: Causes headache, dizziness, and respiratory tract irritation; prolonged inhalation results in central nervous system depression
Eye Contact: May cause irritation or temporary discomfort
Chronic Exposure: High-level, long-term exposure can impact liver and kidney function
Environmental Hazard: Harmful to aquatic life if released in large amounts
Chemical Name: 2-Chlorobutane
Purity: Generally above 98% for research grade
Impurities: Trace amounts of butenes and other halogenated hydrocarbons
Physical State: Liquid at room temperature
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, provide oxygen if breathing is hard; if cough, dizziness, or nausea develops, seek medical help
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention or poison control advice
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam
Fire Hazards: Forms explosive mixtures with air above flash point; vapors heavier than air, collecting in low-lying areas
Protective Gear: Full protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighters; standard bunker gear does not provide chemical protection
Decomposition Products: Releases toxic gases like hydrogen chloride and phosgene under intense heat
Spill Cleanup: Evacuate area, ventilate, eliminate ignition sources; soak up with inert absorbent material like sand, then collect in closed container
Personal Protection: Use gloves, eye protection, and respirator if high vapor levels expected
Environmental Protection: Prevent liquid from entering sewers or waterways; containment booms help minimize environmental impact
Further Action: Dispose as hazardous chemical waste following local and national regulations
Handling: Work in chemical fume hood or well-ventilated space; avoid static electricity buildup; open containers slowly to release any pressure
Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers away from heat, open flames, and incompatible materials such as oxidizers; limit storage quantities in labs
Segregation: Do not store next to oxidizing agents or strong bases
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below recommended exposure limits
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, splash-proof safety goggles, lab coat, and optional respirator if ventilation is poor
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke during use
Monitoring: Regular air sampling recommended in areas of frequent exposure
Boiling Point: About 68°C
Melting Point: Below -100°C
Flash Point: Roughly -10°C
Density: 0.87 g/cm³
Solubility in Water: Low; mixes with ether and alcohol
Vapor Pressure: Significant at room temperature, creating rapid evaporation
Odor Threshold: Detectable at low concentrations but not a reliable safety warning
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended conditions
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with strong oxidizers such as peroxides or nitric acid; risk of combustion with open sparks
Hazardous Polymerization: Not likely under normal use
Thermal Decomposition: Generates hazardous products like hydrochloric acid fumes and phosgene
Acute Effects: Exposure can trigger headache, drowsiness, confusion, and lightheadedness
Skin Absorption: Causes mild irritation; prolonged contact can result in dermatitis
Chronic Effects: Liver and kidney stress in animal studies from repeated, high-dose inhalation
Sensitization: Not a well-documented sensitizer
Carcinogenicity: No known classification by the IARC as a human carcinogen
Mutagenicity: Lacks significant mutagenic data
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, especially in confined water systems
Persistence: Breaks down moderately in environment, but can linger in soil and water
Bioaccumulation: Low to moderate risk since rapid evaporation outpaces uptake in most organisms
Waste Disposal: Collect waste in sealed, labeled containers, transfer to licensed hazardous waste facility
Container Disposal: Decontaminate containers thoroughly, puncture before discarding to prevent reuse
Regulatory Compliance: Dispose following all relevant federal, state, and local guidelines
UN Number: Refers to UN1127 for chlorinated butanes
Transportation Hazard Class: 3 (flammable liquid)
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Special Precautions: Avoid cargo transport with food or feed; keep containers upright and cool during transit
OSHA Status: Listed as hazardous under chemical safety standards
EPA Regulations: Regulated as a toxic substance under environmental laws, with reporting thresholds for spills
TSCA Listing: Included on US Toxic Substances Control Act inventory
Workplace Control: Subject to workplace exposure limits; lab managers should review applicable local regulations for handling, storage, and disposal
