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Chemical Name: 1-Nitropropane
Chemical Formula: C3H7NO2
Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Mild, sweetish, characteristic odor
Common Uses: Solvent, intermediate for organic synthesis, production of pharmaceuticals and chemicals
Synonyms: Nitropropane, n-Nitropropane
CAS Number: 108-03-2
Classification: Flammable liquid, toxic by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption
Major Hazards: Irritation to eyes and skin, central nervous system effects, respiratory tract irritation
Health Risks: Prolonged or repeated exposure may affect kidneys, liver, and blood
Warning Symbols: Highly flammable, harmful
Potential Chronic Effects: Possible carcinogenic effect, based on animal studies; mutagenicity has not been ruled out
1-Nitropropane: Typically above 99% purity
Contaminants: Trace nitroalkane impurities, potential presence of 2-nitropropane in small amounts
Stabilizers: No stabilizing agents usually added
Other Ingredients: None declared or expected in standard industrial preparation
Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical advice if headaches, dizziness, or drowsiness develop.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Medical attention for persistent irritation.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses. Medical attention for pain, redness, or injury.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting. Get medical help. Observe for signs of drowsiness or unconsciousness.
General Note: Symptomatic treatment should be considered in all cases due to neurological effects.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray
Hazards from Combustion: Burning produces toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective gear
Special Precautions: Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air; keep run-off from fire control out of waterways and sewers
Flash Point: Around 41°C (closed cup)
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ventilate thoroughly, avoid vapor exposure. Wear gloves, splash goggles, and chemical-resistant clothing.
Containment: Stop leak if possible without risk. Use inert absorbent material such as sand or earth for cleanup.
Clean-up: Collect in a suitable container for disposal, avoid release to environment. Small spills managed with absorbents, larger spills may require emergency response teams.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, surface water, or soil.
Handling: Work in a well-ventilated area, minimize vapor formation. Avoid breathing fumes, skin, and eye contact.
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, cool, dry, well-ventilated space away from ignition sources. Away from oxidizers, acids, alkalis.
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, reducing agents
Transfer Methods: Use grounded, proper transfer equipment to reduce static discharge risk
Occupational Exposure Limits: Limit values vary—consult local regulations for government-defined standards
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, explosion-proof equipment, closed handling systems
Personal Protection: Chemical splash goggles, nitrile gloves, flame-resistant clothing, appropriate footwear
Respiratory Protection: Air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridges in insufficiently ventilated spaces
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in work area
Molecular Weight: 89.09 g/mol
Boiling Point: Around 131°C
Melting Point: -17°C
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, fully miscible with alcohol, ether, acetone
Density: Approximately 1.03 g/cm³
Viscosity: Low
Volatility: Vapors heavier than air, can collect in low areas
pH: Not relevant, nonaqueous compound
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents and acids, risk for fire or explosion
Hazardous Decomposition: Thermal decomposition creates nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, other toxic materials
Polymerization: Not known to polymerize
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, incompatible chemicals
Acute Toxicity: Inhalation can depress central nervous system, headache, nausea. High doses may cause unconsciousness or death.
Skin Absorption: Possible systemic toxicity through skin contact
Eye Effects: Irritation, tearing, possible corneal injury
Target Organs: Nervous system, liver, kidneys
Long-term Exposure: Evidence in laboratory animals for liver and kidney effects at repeated high doses
Carcinogenicity: Unresolved for humans; some evidence in animals
Reproductive Toxicity: No clear evidence, limited data available
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish and aquatic invertebrates; even small leaks can damage waterways
Environmental Behavior: Can volatilize to atmosphere, moderately mobile in soil
Persistence and Degradability: Degrades slowly in the environment, may persist unless properly treated
Bioaccumulation: Not highly bioaccumulative
Special Note: Careless disposal or accidental leaks can create big local environmental problems, so extra care always matters
Waste Methods: Send to licensed hazardous waste facility. Incineration may be recommended if laws allow.
Container Disposal: Clean containers thoroughly before recycling, disposal via approved waste handlers
Precautions: Avoid release to surface waters or soil, never pour down drains
Legal Requirements: Adhere to federal, state, or local environmental protection standards
UN Number: 2608
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: III
Transport Regulations: Classified as dangerous; proper labelling, packaging, handling required
Special Precautions: Keep away from heat, check vehicle ventilation, train handlers in emergency response
Labeling Requirements: Include hazard symbols such as flammable, harmful. Compliance with local, national, and international standards essential.
Chemical Inventories: Listed on most international chemical regulatory inventories
Restrictions: Use and discharge regulated due to fire, toxicity, and environmental risks
Worker Protection: Employers must provide training, hazard communication under labor safety regulations
Ongoing Monitoring: Periodic review of evolving toxicological, environmental, and workplace safety research recommended
