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Chemical Name: 1-Chloro-2-Propanol
Synonyms: 2-Hydroxy-1-chloropropane
Molecular Formula: C3H7ClO
Molecular Weight: 94.54 g/mol
Commonly Used For: Intermediate in chemical synthesis, especially in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals
Appearance: Colorless or pale yellow liquid with a sharp, irritating odor
CAS Number: 127-00-4
Hazard Class: Irritant, Harmful
Main Hazards: Causes serious eye and skin irritation, toxic if swallowed or inhaled
GHS Label Elements: Exclamation mark for irritant, Health hazard symbol for acute toxicity
Potential Health Effects: Can cause coughing and throat irritation, headache, drowsiness, or dizziness after inhalation; corrosive to exposed tissue on contact
Fire and Reactivity Risk: Flammable under certain conditions, reacts with strong oxidizers and acids
Chronic Exposure: Risk of liver and kidney effects after prolonged or repeated exposure
Main Ingredient: 1-Chloro-2-Propanol
Purity: Usually above 95% for industrial or laboratory settings
Impurities: Propylene chlorohydrins and minor alcohols may appear as by-products from improper storage or synthesis
Inhalation: Remove individual to fresh air, keep at rest, seek medical advice if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash affected area thoroughly with soap and water, seek medical attention if skin irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing, get medical advice if irritation intensifies
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, seek immediate medical attention
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide for small fires; water spray for larger fires
Fire Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air, combustion may produce hydrogen chloride gas and carbon oxides
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Special Measures: Cool containers at risk with water spray to prevent explosion from heat exposure
Personal Precautions: Wear protective gloves, goggles, and clothing, avoid breathing vapors
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into waterways, drains, or soil
Spill Cleanup Methods: Absorb with inert material such as sand or earth, collect and dispose in suitable containers, ventilate area
Handling: Handle in well-ventilated areas, use proper personal protective equipment to prevent contact with skin and eyes and avoid inhalation of vapors
Storage: Keep container tightly closed, store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents and acids, separate from food and beverages
Other Considerations: Keep away from open flames and sources of ignition, keep away from children and untrained personnel
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation or fume hoods to control airborne concentrations
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear chemical-resistant gloves (such as nitrile), safety goggles or faceshield, and protective clothing
Respiratory Protection: Respirators may be necessary under high concentrations or accidental release
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after handling, remove contaminated clothing before entering eating or break areas
Appearance: Clear to slightly yellowish liquid
Odor: Strong, pungent, similar to chloroform
Boiling Point: 127-129°C
Melting Point: -50°C
Flash Point: 53°C (closed cup)
Solubility: Miscible with water and many organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature
Relative Density: Around 1.1 g/cm³ at 20°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under standard temperatures and pressures, may decompose on exposure to strong acids or bases
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, acids
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Polymerization: Not likely at normal temperatures and pressures, risk increases in the presence of strong acids
Special Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, moisture, direct sunlight, contamination from incompatible materials
Acute Toxicity: Ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption can be harmful; LD50 (oral, rat): several hundred mg/kg
Skin and Eye Contact: Causes strong irritation, potential for corrosive injuries with prolonged exposure
Chronic Toxicity: Prolonged or repeated contact may interfere with liver or kidney function, may sensitize skin
Sensitization: Some reports of allergic contact dermatitis
Carcinogenicity: Evidence for carcinogenic risk in humans insufficient but possible with long-term exposure
Other Effects: May depress central nervous system in high concentrations
Environmental Fate: Biodegradable to some degree but can persist if released in large quantities
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
Bioaccumulation:** Not expected to accumulate in significant quantities
Other Concerns: Spills should be contained and prevented from entering unaware water sources or sewer systems, as local ecosystems could suffer
Waste Treatment: Chemical waste should be collected into clearly labeled, leak-tight containers and sent for disposal by a licensed chemical waste contractor
Incineration: High temperature incineration with proper pollution control may be effective
Environmental Precautions: Avoid releasing waste into drains, waterways, or soil, and avoid vapor diffusion into the air
Legal Obligations: Follow all national and local regulations for hazardous waste management
UN Number: 2902 (for 1-chloropropanol, not all jurisdictions assign this)
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III
Label Requirements: Poison, Irritant
Transport Precautions: Protect containers from mechanical shock, rapid temperature change, and stow away from food and feed
Relevant Legislation: Regulated as a hazardous substance under many countries' occupational safety laws and environmental protection regulations
Workplace Exposure Limits: No specific exposure limits in many jurisdictions, but general limits for organic chlorinated solvents and irritants apply
Warning Labels: Must carry appropriate hazard and precautionary statements on containers
Restrictions on Use: Not intended for consumer use, restricted to industrial and professional applications, must not be discharged to the environment without treatment
