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Chemical Name: 1,3-Propylenediamine
Synonyms: Trimethylenediamine
CAS Number: 109-76-2
Physical Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with an ammonia-like odor
Common Uses: Polyamide production, epoxy curing, corrosion inhibitors, chemical synthesis
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid, acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), skin and eye irritation, respiratory hazard
Main Symptoms: Eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation; headaches; nausea
Hazard Pictograms: Flammable, corrosive, harmful
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Immediate Risks: Strong irritation or burns, risk of sensitization, toxic if swallowed, harmful to aquatic life
Ingredient: 1,3-Propylenediamine
Molecular Formula: C3H10N2
Concentration: Typically greater than 95% by weight
Other Components: Water (<1%), trace impurities from manufacturing process
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air, watch for breathing distress, give oxygen if needed
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash thoroughly with soap and water, seek medical attention for irritation or burns
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, hold eyelids open, remove contact lenses if present, get medical help
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, seek immediate medical attention, monitor for symptoms of poisoning
Urgent Concern: Seek emergency medical care if symptoms persist or worsen
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide
Specific Dangers: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air, thermal decomposition releases toxic gases including ammonia and nitrogen oxides
Protective Equipment: Full protective gear, self-contained breathing apparatus, avoid inhaling combustion fumes
Precautions: Cool fire-exposed containers with water, contain fire run-off to prevent environmental contamination
Personal Precautions: Use appropriate protective gear, ventilate area, avoid breathing vapors, prevent eye and skin contact
Environmental Precautions: Do not allow material to enter waterways, drains, or soil
Methods for Cleanup: Absorb spills with inert material like sand or vermiculite, place residue in suitable containers for disposal, wash spill site with large amounts of water while avoiding runoff to environment
Decontamination: Clean equipment and surfaces with detergent and water after removal of chemical
Safe Handling Practices: Use in a well-ventilated area, wear proper PPE, wash hands thoroughly after use, keep away from ignition sources and incompatible materials
Storage Guidelines: Store in tightly closed containers, keep in cool, dry, well-ventilated area, segregate from strong acids, oxidizers, and reactive chemicals, avoid direct sunlight or heat
Incompatibilities: Strong acids, oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, copper, zinc, and their alloys
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust to keep airborne concentrations below exposure limits, general room ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or butyl rubber), safety goggles or face shield, impervious clothing, respiratory protection with appropriate cartridges if airborne concentrations are elevated
Exposure Limits: No OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV established for this compound; keep concentrations as low as possible based on irritation threshold
Hygiene Practices: Remove contaminated clothing promptly, do not eat, drink, or smoke in handling area, wash hands and face after handling
Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Ammonia-like, pungent
Odor Threshold: Detectable at low concentrations due to strong odor
pH: Strongly alkaline in solution
Melting Point: -13°C
Boiling Point: 139°C
Flash Point: 36°C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: Data varies; reported near 340°C
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature
Solubility: Totally miscible with water
Density: 0.87 g/cm³
Viscosity: Relatively low
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): Less than 1, indicating low potential for bioaccumulation
Stability: Stable under normal conditions, decomposes on heating
Hazardous Reactions: Violent reactions with acids, acid chlorides, oxidizers; generates heat and toxic gases
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Ammonia, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides under fire conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Contact with strong acids, exposure to heat, sources of ignition, incompatible metals
Acute Toxicity: Causes burns to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, toxic by ingestion, possible skin sensitizer
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, eye contact
Symptoms of Exposure: Severe irritation or burns, coughing, dizziness, abdominal pain, headache, nausea, potential central nervous system effects
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated contact may cause dermatitis, respiratory problems, or allergic reactions
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, or OSHA as a confirmed carcinogen
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, potential for long term effects in aquatic environments
Persistence and Degradability: Expected to be readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions, but rapid dilution required to minimize local toxicity
Bioaccumulation: Low potential, minimal log Kow
Mobility in Soil: High due to water solubility, risk of groundwater contamination if released in quantity
Methods of Disposal: Treat as hazardous chemical waste, incinerate under controlled conditions with afterburner and scrubbers, for small quantities neutralize with dilute acid followed by water dilution and local regulations
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse empty containers before disposal, follow local, regional, and national regulations for hazardous waste
Local Regulatory Notes: Consult with proper authorities to avoid legal or environmental violations, improper disposal can cause harm to both people and wildlife
UN Number: 2734 (Amines, liquid, corrosive, flammable, n.o.s.)
Hazard Class: Flammable liquid, corrosive, Class 3 (flammable liquids), Class 8 (corrosive substances)
Packing Group: II or III depending on concentration and form
Transport Precautions: Keep containers tightly sealed, secured upright, properly labeled, and away from incompatible materials and foodstuffs during transit
Shipping Naming: Ensure accurate labeling to prevent misidentification or improper emergency response
Classification: Subject to workplace safety and environmental regulations in many jurisdictions due to health and flammability hazards
Labeling Requirements: Clear hazard communication under GHS and workplace safety frameworks; safety training, documentation, and risk assessment required for all handlers
Environmental Regulation: Controlled release or disposal, reporting requirements may apply if threshold quantities are exceeded or if an incident occurs
Workplace Regulation: Mandatory use of PPE, access to spill kits, and first aid equipment for personnel, clear emergency plans required in storage and handling sites
Global Regulation: Many regions regulate the import, sale, and disposal of chemicals classified as hazardous, chemical operators must monitor compliance to avoid fines, shutdowns, or environmental harm
