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Name: 1,2-Dibromoethane
Common Names: Ethylene dibromide, EDB
Chemical Formula: C2H4Br2
CAS Number: 106-93-4
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild, sweet odor
Uses: Fumigant, leaded gasoline additive, solvent in production settings
Acute Hazards: Toxic if swallowed or inhaled, severe eye and skin irritation, lung and respiratory system danger on exposure
Chronic Hazards: Carcinogenic risk, liver and kidney damage, reproductive toxicity, possible DNA damage
Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, vomiting, burning sensation, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain
Long-Term Risks: Increased risk of cancer noted in studies of exposed workers, with Environmental Protection Agency support for its listing as a probable human carcinogen
Component: 1,2-Dibromoethane
Concentration: Above 99 percent in most industrial cases
Impurities: Minimal, main concern relates to breakdown products and vapors that carry similar or greater health effects
Eye Contact: Right away, flush with large volumes of water, lift eyelids often, removal from exposure source fundamental
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse with water and soap, avoid re-exposure
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, keep airways clear
Ingestion: Don’t induce vomiting, rinse mouth, get urgent medical attention due to rapid absorption and systemic toxicity
Additional Aid: Emergency care essential due to the risk of delayed effects, particularly for inhalation and ingestion
Flammability: Not highly flammable but can produce toxic gases under fire conditions
Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen bromide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Fire Fighting Media: Use foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, avoid water streams that spread material
Fire Fighting Advice: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear, stay upwind, keep containers cool using water spray if safe to do so
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ventilate, avoid direct contact, use proper protective equipment
Spill Clean-up: Contain spill, absorb with inert materials such as sand, collect in appropriate containers
Environmental Cautions: Prevent run-off into waterways, notify local authorities for substantial spills, manage all wastes as hazardous under relevant regulations
Decontamination: Wash surfaces with detergent or appropriate chemical neutralizer for persistent residues
Handling: Use closed systems, handle in well-ventilated spaces, avoid inhalation and skin contact, keep away from incompatible substances such as strong bases and oxidizers
Storage: Secure containers in cool, dry rooms away from direct sunlight and heat, ensure secondary containment to protect against leaks
Special Considerations: Workers must receive proper training, handle only with assigned, tested equipment, keep safety showers and eyewash stations nearby
Exposure Limits: Occupational Safety and Health Administration sets a permissible exposure limit at 20 parts per billion as an 8-hour time-weighted average
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, enclosed processes, continuous air monitoring in sensitive environments
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves, splash-proof goggles, long-sleeved protective clothing, in some cases full-face respirators
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, remove contaminated clothing, ensure clean facilities and safe laundering practices
State: Liquid at room temperature
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Sweet, almost chloroform-like
Boiling Point: 131 degrees Celsius
Melting Point: 9 degrees Celsius
Vapor Pressure: 11.7 mm Hg at 25 degrees Celsius
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, miscible with many organic solvents
Density: 2.17 g/cm³ at 25 degrees Celsius
Chemical Stability: Remains stable if stored as directed
Conditions to Avoid: High heat, open flames, and ultraviolet light encourage breakdown to more hazardous compounds
Incompatible Substances: Strong bases, oxidizers, aluminum
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen bromide, bromine, ethylene
Polymerization: Not known to undergo hazardous polymerization, but always evaluate storage and transport vessels for uncontrolled reactions
Acute Toxicity: Highly toxic through ingestion, inhalation, and skin-contact pathways, even brief overexposure prompts measurable symptoms
Carcinogenicity: Animal studies and occupational health records flag cancer risk, especially liver, stomach, and respiratory systems
Mutagenicity: Evidence of genetic mutation and DNA damage in tested models
Organ Effects: Targets mainly liver, kidneys, lungs; chronic exposure depletes health and compounds long-term danger
Symptoms of Poisoning: Range from minor skin redness to severe breathing trouble and organ failure with sufficient dose
Aquatic Toxicity: Deadly to aquatic organisms at low concentrations, persists in water and sediments
Bioaccumulation: Does not build up dramatically in animal tissues, though steady environmental release increases ecosystem harm
Persistence: Lingers in soil and groundwater, with long degradation periods extending risk far beyond initial release
Mobility: Moves easily through soil and water, threatens drinking water routes, especially with shallow or compromised aquifers
Preferred Disposal: Incineration at facilities equipped to scrub hydrogen bromide emissions
Unacceptable Methods: Do not apply to land, stormwater, or standard municipal dump sites due to hazardous persistence
Regulatory Controls: Classified as hazardous waste, all containers and residues treated per national and local guidelines
Worker Protection: Those handling disposal need enhanced gear and training, periodic medical monitoring, never informal or non-certified dump routes
UN Number: 1605
Shipping Name: 1,2-Dibromoethane, toxic liquid, organic, n.o.s.
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic Substances)
Packing Group: I (High danger)
Transport Precautions: Vehicles with multiple containment layers, emergency spill kits, real-time communication with receiving venues, explicit labeling under international hazardous materials codes
Global Restrictions: Banned or stringently controlled in many nations due to acute and chronic health risks
OSHA Classification: Recognized as hazardous, subject to specific workplace air and handling rules
EPA Listing: Designated hazardous air pollutant, governed through Resource Conservation and Recovery Act rules for use, storage, and disposal
Worker Right-to-Know: All who might encounter this chemical receive full access to safety information and exposure education
Community Protections: Facilities handling this material report significant releases, provide spill response updates, and pursue risk reduction under regional emergency planning laws
