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Chemical Name: 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
SYNONYMS: Allyl trichloride, Glyceryl trichloride
CAS NUMBER: 96-18-4
FORMULA: C3H5Cl3
APPEARANCE: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with an unpleasant, chloroform-like odor
USES: Intermediate for chemicals and pesticides, cleaning solvents, sometimes reported as industrial waste
GHS CLASSIFICATION: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), suspected carcinogen, skin and eye irritant, environmental hazard
HEALTH HAZARDS: Causes irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, headaches, nausea, dizziness, narcosis in higher concentrations possible.
POTENTIAL EFFECTS: Chronic exposure linked to liver and kidney damage, can affect nervous system, flagged for carcinogenic risk in animal tests
SYMBOLS: Skull and crossbones, environment, exclamation mark
Chemical Identity: 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
PURITY: Typically more than 98% for industrial grades
IMPURITIES: May carry trace amounts of other chlorinated organics
INHALATION: Move to fresh air, support breathing as needed, seek immediate medical attention for breathing difficulty or unconsciousness
EYE CONTACT: Rinse gently with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contact lenses if possible, get medical help without delay
SKIN CONTACT: Remove contaminated clothing, wash affected skin thoroughly with soap and water, medical treatment for irritation or burns
INGESTION: Call poison control or medical provider, don't induce vomiting, never give fluids unless patient is fully conscious, keep person warm and seek emergency services
SUITABLE EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam
FIRE HAZARDS: Vapor heavier than air, may spread along floors, forms corrosive or toxic gases when burned including hydrochloric acid and phosgene
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus needed for responders preventing exposure to vapors and smoke
SPECIAL PROCEDURES: Approach from upwind, use water spray to cool containers and disperse vapors, avoid contact with spilled material
PERSONAL PROTECTION: Evacuate area, ventilate, prevent direct exposure, use chemical-resistant gloves and goggles
CONTAINMENT: Prevent runoff to waterways or drains, dike spill with inert material like sand or earth
CLEANUP: Use absorbents to collect, place in sealed, labeled containers for disposal, ventilate area thoroughly, keep unnecessary people away to minimize inhalation risk
SAFE HANDLING: Avoid skin and eye contact, work in well-ventilated spaces, keep away from heat, sparks, or open flames, use only with proper safety training
STORAGE CONDITIONS: Store in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant containers, keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, segregate from oxidizers, alkalis, and strong acids
INCOMPATIBLES: Reacts with active metals, alkali metals, strong bases, and strong acids
OCCUPATIONAL LIMITS: No OSHA permissible limits, ACGIH recommends TLV of 10 ppm
ENGINEERING CONTROLS: Use fume hoods or explosion-proof ventilation systems in work areas, minimize vapor buildup
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Chemical goggles, face shield, proper gloves (neoprene or nitrile), flame-retardant and chemical-resistant clothing
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Use NIOSH-approved respirator for organic vapors if exposure limit may be exceeded
APPEARANCE: Clear to yellowish liquid, faint chloroform-like odor
BOILING POINT: 156-160°C
MELTING POINT: -14°C
VAPOR PRESSURE: Moderate at room temperature (11 mmHg at 25°C)
SOLUBILITY: Low water solubility, mixes well with most organic solvents
DENSITY: About 1.39 g/cm³ at 20°C
STABILITY: Stable under recommended conditions, decomposes at high temperatures
HAZARDOUS REACTIONS: May react violently with sodium, potassium, strong bases, oxidizers
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Releases toxic gases such as phosgene, hydrogen chloride, and carbon monoxide on burning or decomposition
ROUTES OF ENTRY: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
ACUTE TOXICITY: Lethal to animals at moderate doses, highly irritating to human tissue, single large exposure can cause vomiting, abdominal pain, drowsiness, unconsciousness
CHRONIC EFFECTS: Linked to liver, kidney, and nervous system injury; suspected carcinogen; reproductive hazards seen in animal studies
IRRITANT AND SENSITIZER: Definite skin and eye irritant
SKIN ABSORPTION: Can pass through skin with enough contact, raising risk with spills or splashes
AQUATIC TOXICITY: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, can persist in water and soil due to slow breakdown
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE: Resistant to biological degradation, can enter groundwater and remain for years
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL: Limited, though repeated exposure remains a local hazard
NOTES: Documented in farmland and aquifer contamination cases; turning up in water supplies drives home the need for stronger controls on emissions and leaks
METHODS: Collect and incinerate at specialized facilities with chemical scrubbers for acid gases, do not pour into sewers or surface waters
CONTAINER RINSING: Rinse drums and containers with care, treat rinsate as hazardous waste
REGULATORY STATUS: Considered hazardous under U.S. RCRA and local equivalents elsewhere, disposal tracked from cradle to grave for environmental safety
SHIPPING CLASS: Regulated as a hazardous material (flammable liquid, toxic substance) under international, U.S. DOT, and IATA guidelines
UN NUMBER: 2810 (Toxic liquid, organic, n.o.s.)
PACKAGING: Use approved metal or compatible plastic drums, label correctly, carry documentation of hazards
SPILL RESPONSE: Carriers must train crews to contain and report any releases in transit
U.S. EPA: Lists 1,2,3-Trichloropropane as a hazardous air pollutant and potential drinking water contaminant
CERCLA: Classified for reportable quantities upon release
TSCA: Present in the inventory, subject to chemical-specific controls
CALIFORNIA: Listed under Proposition 65 for cancer; local and state reporting rules kick in around production and usage
GLOBAL: Covered in most chemical control and workplace safety regimes, all pointing to its hazard profile and risk of spill
