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Chemical Name: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Chemical Formula: C2H3Cl3
Common Uses: Solvent in chemical manufacturing, degreasing operations, intermediate in pharmaceuticals
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Sweet, chloroform-like
Molecular Weight: Approximately 133.4 g/mol
Hazard Classification: Liquid and vapor can be harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through skin
Major Health Risks: Toxic to central nervous system, liver, and kidneys
Flame Hazards: May produce toxic fumes if involved in a fire
Environmental Danger: Hazardous to aquatic life and not easily biodegradable
Label Symbols: Warning for toxicity, flammability, and long-term health threats
Most Common Exposure Routes: Inhalation, skin, and eye contact
Main Ingredient: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane, nearly pure in most applications
Potential Impurities: May contain small traces of dichloroethylenes and other chlorinated solvents, depending on manufacturing process
Chemical Purity: High, often above 99%
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, keep individual calm, support breathing if needed
Skin Contact: Wash heavily with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for several minutes, seek medical attention
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water and seek immediate medical care
Immediate Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, breathing difficulties
Longer-Term Effects: Possible organ damage and cancer risk with prolonged or repeated exposure
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam; water spray can cool containers
Special Dangers: Burning causes toxic gases like hydrogen chloride and phosgene
Protective Gear for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective equipment
Combustion Warning: Heat may swell containers and lead to explosion
Reactive Behavior: Vapors can travel, ignite far from source, and collect in low areas
Personal Protection: Don gloves, goggles, protective clothing, wear approved respirator
Environmental Precaution: Avoid runoff to sewers or waterways, contain and absorb with inert materials
Cleanup: Ventilate area, collect spill with absorbent, and dispose of in designated chemical waste containers
Avoid: Exposure to open flame or heat sources, unnecessary worker contact
Handling Practices: Work in a well-ventilated area, use closed systems for pumping or transfer, avoid breathing vapors
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, in cool, dry, and well-ventilated areas
Compatibility: Keep away from strong oxidizers, alkali metals, and open flames
Container Material: Use corrosion-resistant containers with secure lids or seals
Workplace Limits: Follow national and regional exposure limits, such as OSHA or ACGIH standards
Ventilation: Local exhaust recommended, especially for indoor handling
Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, splash goggles, and clothing resisting permeation
Respiratory Protection: Use full-face respirators or supplied air systems if exposure risks rise
PPE Condition: Routinely check PPE for damage or wear to maintain safety
Boiling Point: Roughly 113 °C
Melting Point: About -35 °C
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature
Solubility: Low water solubility, miscible with many organic solvents
Density: About 1.44 g/cm³, sinks in water
Evaporation Rate: Faster than water, so accidental releases form vapor clouds quickly
Odor Threshold: Can be detected by its sweet, solvent-like smell at low concentrations
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal use and conditions
Reactivity Risks: Heat, flame, or contact with strong bases can trigger breakdown
Hazardous Products: Degradation releases toxic gases, including phosgene and hydrogen chloride
Polymerization: Does not self-polymerize
Decomposition: More likely at high temperatures
Short-Term Exposure: Headache, fatigue, confusion, coughing, skin and eye irritation
Long-Term Exposure: Possible liver, kidney, and neurological issues
Carcinogenicity: Some studies suggest a cancer risk from repeated or high exposure, recognized by health agencies
Inhalation Danger: High vapor concentrations depress central nervous system, cause unconsciousness
Skin Risks: Repeated or prolonged contact leads to defatting and dermatitis
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Harmful to fish and invertebrates, especially in concentrated spills
Persistence: Breaks down slowly in water and soil, hazardous if released in bulk
Bioaccumulation: Limited accumulation in living organisms, though still concerning at high environmental loads
Mobility: Moves through soil, may contaminate groundwater
Environmental Fate: Once in environment, tough to remove completely, needs strong containment in use and disposal
Waste Handling: Treat as hazardous waste, follow local and national hazardous waste regs
Preferred Disposal: High-temperature incineration with proper pollution controls
Container Disposal: Decontaminate and triple rinse before recycling, else treat as hazardous waste
Do Not: Discharge to drains, sewers, or natural waterways
Shipping Regulations: Classified as hazardous for land, air, and sea
Transport Hazards: Flammable and toxic in transit, risk of leaks or spills
Packing Instructions: Use sealed, approved containers with hazard markings
Handling Precaution: Prevent heat exposure and protect against container damage or tipping
Workplace Laws: Subject to chemical safety and worker protection rules in many countries
Environmental Rules: Listed in hazardous pollutant regulations; accidental releases require notification
Labeling Laws: Product labels must indicate hazards plainly
Usage Restrictions: Some areas restrict or ban use in consumer products
Occupational Monitoring: Workers often require medical surveillance programs to track exposure over time
