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Chemical Name: Xanthine
Chemical Formula: C5H4N4O2
Common Names: 2,6-dioxypurine, Xanthen
Physical State: Off-white powder, crystalline
Molecular Weight: 152.11 g/mol
GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous based on available information
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin, eyes
Health Hazards: Dust or powder may irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation
Environmental Hazards: No significant hazards to aquatic life reported
Main Symptoms: Transient irritation, sneezing, coughing, redness
Principal Ingredient: Xanthine (C5H4N4O2) — 98% or greater purity
Impurities: Trace components stemming from manufacturing or extraction processes—uncommon in high-purity laboratory samples
CAS Number: 69-89-6
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air; monitor for signs of distress; seek medical attention if irritation persists
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; immediately wash area with soap and water; obtain medical advice for persistent irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water; continue for several minutes; consult an eye specialist if symptoms continue
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; get medical help if feeling unwell; avoid inducing vomiting unless directed by a healthcare professional
Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, CO2, or water spray
Combustion Products: Potential emission of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide
Protective Equipment: Firefighters may need self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear to handle fumes
Fire Hazards: Xanthine can combust at high temperatures; no explosive risk in normal use, but accumulation of dust in confined spaces poses risk
Personal Precautions: Avoid raising dust; ventilate area; use goggles, gloves, lab coat to minimize contact
Environmental Protection: Sweep up spill and transfer into closed containers for disposal; avoid runoff into drains or waterways
Clean-Up Procedures: Use damp cloth or HEPA vacuum to collect fine material; avoid using a high-powered vacuum without a filter
Handling: Employ proper ventilation in work areas; minimize exposure to airborne powder; no eating or drinking nearby
Storage: Keep container tightly sealed; store in a dry, cooled space away from sources of ignition and incompatible chemicals such as strong acids
Incompatibility: Avoid contact with powerful oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases
Engineering Controls: Install local exhaust ventilation in work spaces where powder is handled
Personal Protection: Protective gloves, safety glasses with side shields, lab coats recommended to prevent skin and eye exposure
Respiratory Equipment: Use NIOSH-certified respirator for dusty environments or prolonged exposure
Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking during use
Appearance: White to slightly yellow crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 350°C (decomposes before melting)
Boiling Point: Not applicable; decomposes sufficiently below the boiling phase
Water Solubility: Poorly soluble; better solubility in warm water or basic mediums
pH (Aqueous Solution): Neutral to slightly acidic
Stability: Stable at standard temperatures and pressures
Thermal Decomposition: May form nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides under extreme heat
Hazardous Reactions: Reacts with powerful oxidizers, increasing risk of hazardous products
Polymerization: No risk of hazardous polymerization
Acute Toxicity: Limited data; xanthine generally has low toxicity in small quantities, used in research and medicine
Chronic Effects: No data supporting significant long-term health effects from small-scale, controlled exposure
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as a known carcinogen by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP
Mutagenicity, Teratogenicity: Current data do not indicate genetic or reproductive hazards
Aquatic Impact: Not considered harmful to aquatic organisms at laboratory or industrial discharge levels
Environmental Fate: Degrades slowly; not expected to bioaccumulate based on structure and water insolubility
Mobility: Low in soils due to water insolubility; not likely to contaminate groundwater in small increments
Waste Handling: Collect waste in clearly labeled chemical containers; follow community or institutional protocols
Disposal: Transfer to licensed chemical disposal facilities; incineration preferred where permitted
Container Disposal: Rinse containers thoroughly before recycling or disposal; avoid public landfill unless decontaminated
UN Number: Not regulated under most international or local transport guidelines
Hazard Class: Not classified as hazardous for transportation
Packing Group: No assigned category for xanthine in typical laboratory quantities
Special Precautions: Prevent release of dust during handling and loading
National Inventory: Listed or exempt in many regional chemical inventories
OSHA Status: Not regulated as hazardous in the workplace, but standard precautions should guide all handling
TSCA (US), REACH (EU): Documented, permitted for laboratory and medical uses in regulated settings
Special Regulations: Users should review local, regional, and federal standards for handling and reporting requirements.
