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3-Bromoaniline belongs to the group of aromatic amines. Each molecule contains a benzene ring with an amino group at the first carbon and a bromine atom at the third position. Its molecular formula stands as C6H6BrN. The structure features clear sites for both reactivity and modification. Researchers and manufacturers pay extra attention to its physical and chemical traits since its behavior influences every application, from raw material to end product.
3-Bromoaniline often appears as beige, tan, or sometimes slightly pink flakes or fine powder. If the crystal is pure, you may notice a soft, off-white solid sheen, avoiding the deep colors that signal presence of impurities. With a molecular weight of 172.02 g/mol, it represents a middle ground in the family of halogenated anilines. Testing reveals a melting point that sits around 31–34°C, which means the substance can soften quickly after being removed from cold storage. Its boiling point registers at about 259°C, so you will smell an almost acrid odor if it’s heated above room temperature. This is a reminder of why safe handling and ventilation are the starting point in every facility where it is weighed and transferred. The density measures close to 1.6 g/cm3. Water solubility remains low, but the molecule dissolves with ease in ethanol or ether, helping with purification or formulation tasks.
Testing batches of 3-Bromoaniline means looking for high chemical purity, generally above 98%. Quality checks also control moisture content. Free flowing powder or loosely aggregated flakes make for easier measuring and shipping. One fact: packaging always prioritizes air-tight containment, not just for stability, but also for keeping workers safe. Labels display important HS Code data, usually under 292142 for aromatic amines. Chemical suppliers ship this intermediate in solid form, never in solution, with drums and bags sized for bulk industry needs. Alongside the physical product, buyers expect a thorough certificate of analysis. Each document includes spectral data (NMR, IR), melting point, water content, and visual clarity to guarantee that all chemical properties meet requirement.
The bromine substituent at the meta position on the aniline ring gives 3-Bromoaniline its distinct chemical fingerprint. On one hand, the amino group points to nucleophilic activity, so the material participates in reactions without excessive activation. On the other, the bromine atom at the third carbon stabilizes the core structure, making it possible to introduce further substitutions in a controlled way. Chemists recognize this pattern from practical experience: meta substitution can guide selective synthesis for various pharmaceutical intermediates, building blocks for dyes, and crop protection compounds. The unique alignment of electron donating and withdrawing effects sets up the compound for more tailored chemical design.
Direct contact with 3-Bromoaniline sometimes produces skin or eye irritation. Prolonged exposure may cause more serious health effects, including damage to blood cells, if inhaled or absorbed. Chemical safety systems treat the powder as potentially harmful; professional settings run with gloves, safety glasses, and good ventilation. Spills must be tackled head-on with solid personal protective equipment and sealed disposal, because airborne dust from fine powder particles can drift. Regulatory documentation lists 3-Bromoaniline with controlled chemical status in some regions; safety data sheets underline the need for secure, cool storage away from strong oxidizers or acids. Knowing proper procedures and having emergency showers nearby reduce risks significantly, especially where bulk raw material is being handled.
Industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to agrochemicals rely on 3-Bromoaniline as a valuable intermediate. Its powdered or flaky solid form means it measures and dispenses consistently with automated feeding systems on large-scale production lines. Medicinal chemists see its amine and bromine sites as a chance to construct more complex molecules — using its reactivity to produce new heterocycles and advanced drug candidates. Dye and pigment producers count on the product’s reactivity, introducing it at earlier synthesis stages to ensure even development and stronger colorfastness. Even with the promise of newer synthetic routes worldwide, the molecule holds its place in chemical supply chains as a basic building block. Every lot used in industry passes through routine purity and identity testing, reflecting the demand for transparency at every step from sourcing to the final product.
