1-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Piperazine: Product and Properties Overview

What is 1-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Piperazine?

1-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Piperazine, known in the pharmaceutical sector as a Posaconazole intermediate, shapes the production journey of many vital antifungal agents. The molecule itself, built on a piperazine ring bearing two substituted phenyl groups, packs both an amino group and a hydroxy group that tweak its chemical behavior, influencing how scientists use it in research and development. In daily lab settings, technicians rely on this intermediate for making active pharmaceutical ingredients, knowing that precise handling shapes outcomes further down the chain.

Molecular Structure and Formula

This compound carries the molecular formula C16H17N3O, capturing 16 carbon atoms, 17 hydrogens, 3 nitrogens, and 1 oxygen into a single structure. X-ray crystallography and NMR studies detail the orientation of its phenyl rings and substituents, which lean into chemical reactivity and compatibility during synthesis steps. Its chemical structure—a six-membered piperazine core with a para-aminophenyl and a para-hydroxyphenyl unit—lends itself to selective reactions and high-value transformations in medicinal chemistry. The molecular weight tips the scale near 267.33 g/mol, offering practical points for dosing and synthesis design.

Physical Properties

1-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Piperazine presents as a solid at room temperature, with color tending toward off-white, light beige, or pale yellow based on batch and purity. Its physical form arrives as fine powder or irregular flakes, though some suppliers manage a crystalline version with finely defined facets. Chemists preparing solutions benefit from its moderate solubility in polar solvents, including DMSO and methanol, with sparing solubility displayed toward water. The compound feels gritty and dry to the touch, though absorbent of atmospheric moisture over time when left exposed. Bulk containers often carry product densities around 1.20 g/cm³, allowing warehouse staff to safely estimate storage needs and transport calculation by weight. It resists melting up until temperatures near 168–172°C, a range that serializes thermal properties and supports fingerprinting by lab QA staff.

Chemical Handling: Safety and Hazard Information

Researchers and production managers classify this intermediate under chemicals of moderate risk, paying attention to decades of experience and modern data sheet analysis. While not qualifying as a highly hazardous substance by broad regulatory standards, it poses health risks through inhalation, skin, or eye exposure—potentiated by the presence of an aromatic amine. Direct contact often produces irritation or sensitization in delicate individuals. Chemists always wear gloves, protective eyewear, and FFP2 masks where powder carries in open air, working under fume hoods where possible for safer management. Material Safety Data Sheets show that the oral LD₅₀ value exceeds several hundred milligrams per kilogram in animal studies, still warranting careful handling and avoiding ingestion in workplace settings. Airborne dust control and sealed storage practices persist across production lines, and staff train frequently to manage accidental spills or unexpected chemical releases. Though thermal decomposition risks remain low under standard lab scenarios, uncontrolled heating over 200°C encourages toxic byproducts.

Raw Material Significance and Industrial Role

The pharmaceutical sector leans heavily on 1-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Piperazine for building advanced antifungal medicines like Posaconazole. Industrial chemists prize its reliability and reactivity profile, using it as a foundation for linking complex molecular chains further along the synthetic pathway. This intermediate, synthesized in large vessels through solvent-based reactions involving chlorination, amination, and reduction, signals a core upgrade in purity before stepping into final API assembly. Reliable sourcing from GMP-certified suppliers remains a high priority, as quality fluctuations send ripple effects through entire drug batches. The material supports strong chain-of-custody documentation; vendors control impurities with targeted HPLC and GC-MS runs, ensuring every shipment meets strict pharmacopoeial specifications.

Product Specifications and Packaging

Vials of 1-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Piperazine arrive in a full spectrum of quantities, from small research samples to industrial-scale drums marked with batch numbers and full COA documentation. Purity levels commonly surpass 98% by HPLC, with residual solvent and water content kept below 0.5% to ensure suitability for downstream processing. The product avoids strong odors, easing warehouse handling, though teams verify vessels are tightly sealed and clearly labeled with the HS Code 29339990 (pertaining to other heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only). Each delivery includes detailed storage instructions, generally recommending cool, dry, and well-ventilated locations away from active reagents, oxidizers, and direct sources of heat or sunlight.

Environmental Impact and Safe Disposal

Disposal standards reflect both environmental safety commitments and local regulations. Lab professionals divert residue or cleaning waste into labeled waste streams earmarked for incineration or licensed chemical treatment—avoiding release into municipal water systems. Documented incident logs and chemical tracing span across research parks and commercial production spaces to build trust with neighbors, regulators, and pharmaceutical clients alike. Annual audits review both in-house and third-party disposal channels. The community’s sharp focus on responsible sourcing and responsible waste management responds to a growing demand for green chemistry initiatives in pharma.

Looking Towards Solutions for Safer and More Efficient Handling

Safer and more sustainable chemistry doesn’t happen overnight, and every player from plant operator to scientist carries responsibility. Industry partners push for greener synthesis steps and less hazardous reagents during the early phase of intermediate production. Process engineers test dust-free granulation methods, hinting at possible reductions in exposure risks and improved product containment. Teams invest in digital barcoding and real-time batch tracking to tighten security from factory to bench, creating stronger lines of defense against quality issues or accidental product substitution. Regulatory stakeholders, meanwhile, offer hands-on guidance, helping labs update documentation and personnel training with the latest safety science.

Summary Table: Key Properties